（附论）
夫小便难者。此是肾虚。膀胱气热。盖此二经本相为表里。俱主水。行于小肠。入胞为
小便
浮小
方
瞿麦散（出圣惠方）治心热。小便难赤涩。
瞿麦 木通（锉） 黄连 防风 茯神 冬瓜仁 葳蕤 川升麻 地骨皮（各一两） 葵
子
（半
犀角散（出圣惠方）治膀胱积热。小便涩难。
犀角 灯心（各半两） 榆白皮（锉） 赤茯苓 蔓荆 车前子 川芒硝（各半两） 木
通
（一两）
利
为度。
石苇散（出圣惠方）治小便难。脬中有热。水道中痛。
石苇 瞿麦（各一两） 赤芍药 白茅根（锉） 陈橘皮（汤浸各二两） 上为散。每
服四
钱。水
木通散（出圣惠方）治小便难涩痛。所出不多。令身体壮热。
木通（锉） 车前子 石苇（去毛） 瞿麦 赤茯苓 石燕（各一两） 上为细散。每
于食前
以葱
滑石散 治淋胞痛。不得小便。
淋沥汤 治小便难。
滑石（八两） 石苇（三两） 榆皮 葵子（各一升） 通草（四两） 上切。以水一
斗。煮取
三升
石苇散 治小便不利。
石苇（去毛） 瞿麦穗 冬葵子（各二两） 滑石（五两） 上为末。每服三服。一钱
一服。
必温
治小便不利。茎中痛。（出海上名方）及治五淋。
用虎杖半两锉细。用水一盏。煎七分。去滓。食前温服。一方为末。用饭饮调下。
木通散 治小便难。水道中痛。小肠急。
治小便难。胀满闷塞。不急疗之杀人。（出十便方）
葱白（三斤） 盐（二斤） 上相和研烂。炒令热。以绵子裹。分二包。更替熨脐下。
小便
立出
陶效方（出圣惠方）治小便难。
秦艽（二分） 冬瓜子（二两） 上为末。酒服。一日三服。神效。
治小便难。小肠胀。不急治杀人。（出本事方）
用葱白三根细锉。炒令熟。以帕子裹作二处。更熨脐下即通。
又方（出圣惠方）
用秦艽一两去苗。水一大盏。煎七分。去滓。食前。分二服下。
瞿麦丸（出金匮方）治小便不利。有水气。
栝蒌根（二两） 大附子（一个） 茯苓 山芋（各三两） 瞿麦（一分） 上杵罗。
蜜丸如梧
桐子
木通散 治小便不利。茎中疼痛及小腹痛。
治小便不利痛（出海上名方）
海金沙 滑石 地遍竹（各等分） 上为末。每服二钱。煎葱白汤调下。
金沙散（出德生堂方）治小便不出。茎中有物塞硬疼痛。甚至为急。
真琥珀 海金沙（各三分） 麝香当门子（一个大者） 上为末。每服二钱。好酒调食
前服。
或
治小便不利。茎中疼痛。小腹急痛。（出圣惠方）
蒲黄 滑石（各等分） 上为散。酒服方寸匕。日三服。每大验。
滑石白鱼散（出金匮方）治小便不利。
滑石 乱发（烧灰） 白鱼（各二分） 上为散。饮服半钱。一日三服。
茯苓戎盐汤（出金匮方） 治小便不利。
茯苓（半斤） 白术（二两） 戎盐（弹丸大一枚） 上为末。白汤调服。
治小便不快（出试效方）
没药 木香 当归 上为末。以刺蓟心自然汁为丸。如梧桐子大。每服五七丸。食前盐
汤送
治小便不快
小便不快为何缘。不用针医用药餐。篇竹水煎连口咽。神仙圣德不虚传。
八味丸（出如意方）治淋是小便点滴。来时多疼。是心与小肠两经病。有热
有
冷。有肾虚气
利小便。
牡丹皮 茯苓 泽泻（各三两） 山茱萸 山药（各四两） 附子 桂（各二两） 熟
地黄
上末
清肺饮子（出试效方）治渴而小便不利。邪热在上焦气分也。
茯苓（去皮二钱） 猪苓（去皮三钱） 泽泻（五分） 琥珀（半分） 灯心（一分） 木
通（七
分）
钱。水一
盏半。
八正散。仲景五苓散。永宜服之。
胃苓汤（出如意方）治沉冷症小便不利。及胃虚不和。早晨心腹痛。
平胃散（末） 五苓散（各等分） 上沸汤调服。如胃冷者。用五积散。
治忍小便胞转（出本草）
自取指甲烧灰。水服。
治忍小便久。致胞转。（出本草）
以帛裹腰肾。令头致地。三度通。
治男子妇人过忍小便胞转\x
用滑石末。葱汤调下二钱。
（附论）
小便困难，这是由于肾虚，膀胱气分有热。因为肾与膀胱互为表里，都主管水液代谢，水液运行经过小肠，进入膀胱成为小便。
瞿麦散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗心经有热导致的小便困难、颜色赤红且排尿涩痛。
药材：瞿麦、木通（锉碎）、黄连、防风、茯神、冬瓜仁、葳蕤、川升麻、地骨皮（各一两）、葵子。
用法：将上述药材研为细散。每次服用四钱，用水煎煮，加入葱白少许，温服。
犀角散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗膀胱积热导致的小便涩滞困难。
药材：犀角、灯心草（各半两）、榆白皮（锉碎）、赤茯苓、蔓荆子、车前子、川芒硝（各半两）、木通（一两）。
用法：将上述药材研为细散。每次服用二钱，用水煎煮，去渣，温服，以通利为度。
石苇散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗小便困难，膀胱内有热，尿道中疼痛。
药材：石苇、瞿麦（各一两）、赤芍药、白茅根（锉碎）、陈橘皮（用汤浸泡，各二两）。
用法：将上述药材研为细散。每次服用四钱，用水煎煮，去渣，温服。
木通散（出自《圣惠方》），治疗小便困难涩痛，尿量不多，身体壮热。
药材：木通（锉碎）、车前子、石苇（去毛）、瞿麦、赤茯苓、石燕（各一两）。
用法：将上述药材研为细散。每次在饭前服用二钱，用水煎煮，加入葱白少许，温服。
淋沥汤，治疗小便困难。
另一首滑石散，治疗淋证引起的膀胱疼痛，无法排尿。
药材：滑石（八两）、石苇（三两）、榆皮、葵子（各一升）、通草（四两）。
用法：将上述药材切碎。用水一斗，煎煮取三升，分次温服。
另一首石苇散，治疗小便不利。
药材：石苇（去毛）、瞿麦穗、冬葵子（各二两）、滑石（五两）。
用法：将上述药材研为末。每次服用三钱，一日三次，必须温服。
另一首方剂（出自《海上名方》），治疗小便不利，尿道中疼痛，以及治疗五种淋证。
药材：虎杖半两，锉细。
用法：用水一盏，煎煮至七分，去渣，饭前温服。另一方将药材研为末，用米饮调下。
另一首方剂（出自《十便方》），治疗小便困难，腹胀满闷塞，如果不紧急治疗会致死。
药材：葱白（三斤）、盐（二斤）。
用法：将两者混合研烂，炒热，用绵布包裹，分成两包，交替熨烫脐下部位，小便即可立即排出。
陶效方（出自《圣惠方》），治疗小便困难。
药材：秦艽（二分）、冬瓜子（二两）。
用法：将上述药材研为末，用酒送服，一日三次，效果神奇。
另一首方剂（出自《本事方》），治疗小便困难，小肠胀满，不紧急治疗会致死。
药材：葱白三根，锉细。
用法：炒熟，用帕子包裹成两处，交替熨烫脐下部位，即可通畅。
又一方（出自《圣惠方》）
药材：秦艽一两，去苗。
用法：用水一大盏，煎煮至七分，去渣，饭前分两次服用。
瞿麦丸（出自《金匮方》），治疗小便不利，有水气停留。
药材：栝蒌根（二两）、大附子（一个）、茯苓、山芋（各三两）、瞿麦（一分）。
用法：将上述药材捣碎过筛，炼蜜为丸，如梧桐子大。每次服用三十丸，温水送下。
另一首方剂（出自《海上名方》），治疗小便不利疼痛。
药材：海金沙、滑石、淡竹叶（各等分）。
用法：将上述药材研为末。每次服用二钱，用葱白汤调下。
金沙散（出自《德生堂方》），治疗小便不出，尿道中有异物堵塞感、坚硬疼痛，甚至病情危急。
药材：真琥珀、海金沙（各三分）、麝香当门子（一个大者）。
用法：将上述药材研为末。每次服用二钱，用好酒调匀，饭前服用。
另一首方剂（出自《圣惠方》），治疗小便不利，尿道中疼痛，小腹急痛。
药材：蒲黄、滑石（各等分）。
用法：将上述药材研为散。用酒送服一方寸匕，一日三次，每次都非常有效。
滑石白鱼散（出自《金匮方》），治疗小便不利。
药材：滑石、乱发（烧成灰）、白鱼（各二分）。
用法：将上述药材研为散。用温水送服半钱，一日三次。
茯苓戎盐汤（出自《金匮方》），治疗小便不利。
药材：茯苓（半斤）、白术（二两）、戎盐（弹丸大一枚）。
用法：将上述药材研为末，用开水调服。
另一首方剂（出自《试效方》），治疗小便不畅。
药材：没药、木香、当归。
用法：将上述药材研为末，用刺蓟心的自然汁制成丸，如梧桐子大。每次服用五到七丸，饭前用盐汤送服。
治疗小便不畅的诗诀：
小便不畅是什么原因？无需针灸用药餐。
淡竹叶水煎连口咽，神仙圣德不虚传。
八味丸（出自《如意方》），治疗淋证表现为小便点滴而出，来时多疼痛。这是心与小肠两经的病证，有热也有寒，还有肾虚气滞。
药材：牡丹皮、茯苓、泽泻（各三两）、山茱萸、山药（各四两）、附子、桂枝（各二两）、熟地黄。
用法：将上述药材研为末，炼蜜为丸。
清肺饮子（出自《试效方》），治疗口渴且小便不利，这是邪热在上焦气分所致。
药材：茯苓（去皮二钱）、猪苓（去皮三钱）、泽泻（五分）、琥珀（半分）、灯心草（一分）、木通（七分）。
用法：将上述药材加水一盏半，煎煮至剩余一定量，温服。
胃苓汤（出自《如意方》），治疗沉冷症导致的小便不利，以及胃虚不和，早晨心腹疼痛。
药材：平胃散（粉末）、五苓散（各等分）。
用法：用沸水调服。如果是胃冷的情况，使用五积散。
治疗憋尿导致膀胱扭转（出自《本草》）
自行收集指甲烧成灰，用水送服。
(Attached Discussion)
Difficulty in urination is caused by Kidney deficiency and heat in the Qi of the Bladder. Since these two meridians are interior-exterior partners, both govern water metabolism. Water flows through the Small Intestine and enters the Bladder to become urine.
Qumai San (Qu Mai Powder), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats difficulty in urination with red, dark urine and dysuria due to Heart heat.
Ingredients: Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi), Mutong (Caulis Akebiae, sliced), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood), Dongguaren (Semen Benincasae), Weirui (Rhizoma Polygonati), Chuan Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Digupi (Cortex Lycii), Kuizi (Semen Malvae) [each 1 liang].
Usage: Grind into a fine powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with water, add some Congbai (Scallion White), and take warm.
Xijiao San (Rhinoceros Horn Powder), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats difficulty in urination with astringency due to accumulated heat in the Bladder.
Ingredients: Xijiao (Cornu Rhinocerotis), Dengxincao (Medulla Junci) [each 0.5 liang], Yubaipi (Cortex Ulmi Leucodermae, sliced), Chi Fuling (Poria with Red Hostwood), Manjingzi (Fructus Viticis), Cheqianzi (Semen Plantaginis), Chuanshaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Chuan Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) [each 0.5 liang], Mutong (Caulis Akebiae) (1 liang).
Usage: Grind into a fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with water, strain, and take warm until patency is achieved.
Shiwei San (Folium Pyri Sorbulae Powder), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats difficulty in urination, heat in the bladder (Paofu), and pain in the urinary tract.
Ingredients: Shiwei (Folium Pyri Sorbulae), Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi) [each 1 liang], Chi Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Baimaogen (Rhizoma Imperatae, sliced), Chenjupi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, soaked in hot water) [each 2 liang].
Usage: Grind into a fine powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with water, strain, and take warm.
Mutong San (Akebia Twig Powder), from *Shenghui Fang*, treats difficult, astringent, and painful urination with scanty output and high fever.
Ingredients: Mutong (Caulis Akebiae, sliced), Cheqianzi (Semen Plantaginis), Shiwei (Folium Pyri Sorbulae, hair removed), Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi), Chi Fuling (Poria with Red Hostwood), Shiyan (Lithospermum Erythrorhizon) [each 1 liang].
Usage: Grind into a fine powder. Take 2 qian before meals, decoct with water, add Congbai (Scallion White), and take warm.
Shihui San (Talcum Powder), treats pain in the bladder due to Lin syndrome (strangury) and inability to urinate.
Linli Tang (Dribbling Decoction), treats difficulty in urination.
Another Shihui San treats pain in the bladder due to Lin syndrome and inability to urinate.
Ingredients: Shihui (Talcum) (8 liang), Shiwei (Folium Pyri Sorbulae) (3 liang), Yupi (Cortex Ulmi), Kuizi (Semen Malvae) [each 1 sheng], Tongcao (Medica Tetrapanacis) (4 liang).
Usage: Cut into pieces. Decoct with 1 dou of water until 3 sheng remain. Take warm in divided doses.
Another Shiwei San treats incomplete urination.
Ingredients: Shiwei (Folium Pyri Sorbulae, hair removed), Qumaisui (Spica Dianthi), Dongkuizi (Semen Malvae) [each 2 liang], Shihui (Talcum) (5 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, three times daily. Must be taken warm.
Another prescription (from *Haishang Mingfang*) treats incomplete urination, pain in the urethra, and five types of Lin syndrome.
Ingredients: Huzhang (Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati) 0.5 liang, finely cut.
Usage: Decoct with one zhan of water until 0.7 zhan remains. Strain and take warm before meals. Alternatively, grind into powder and take mixed with rice drink.
Mutong San treats difficulty in urination, pain in the urinary tract, and tension in the Small Intestine.
Another prescription (from *Shibian Fang*) treats difficulty in urination with abdominal distension and fullness. If not treated urgently, it can be fatal.
Ingredients: Congbai (Scallion White) (3 jin), Yan (Salt) (2 jin).
Usage: Mix and grind thoroughly. Stir-fry until hot. Wrap in cotton cloth to make two packs. Alternate applying heat to the area below the umbilicus. Urine will flow immediately.
Tao Xiao Fang (from *Shenghui Fang*) treats difficulty in urination.
Ingredients: Qinjiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) (0.2 fen), Dongguazi (Semen Benincasae) (2 liang).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take with wine, three times daily. Highly effective.
Another prescription (from *Benshi Fang*) treats difficulty in urination with Small Intestine distension. If not treated urgently, it can be fatal.
Ingredients: Three stalks of Congbai (Scallion White), finely cut.
Usage: Stir-fry until cooked. Wrap in a cloth into two parts. Alternate applying heat to the area below the umbilicus to restore patency.
Another prescription (from *Shenghui Fang*):
Ingredients: Qinjiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) 1 liang, remove roots.
Usage: Decoct with one large zhan of water until 0.7 zhan remains. Strain and divide into two doses before meals.
Qumai Wan (Qu Mai Pill), from *Jingui Fang*, treats incomplete urination with fluid retention.
Ingredients: Gualougen (Radix Trichosanthis) (2 liang), Da Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata) (one piece), Fuling (Poria), Shanyu (Fructus Corni) [each 3 liang], Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi) (0.1 fen).
Usage: Pound and sieve. Mix with honey to form pills the size of Wutong seeds. Take 30 pills per dose with warm water.
Mutong San treats incomplete urination, pain in the urethra, and lower abdominal pain.
Another prescription (from *Haishang Mingfang*) treats painful incomplete urination.
Ingredients: Haijinsha (Sporodium Lygodii), Shihui (Talcum), Bianzhu (Herba Lycopodii) [each equal parts].
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with Congbai (Scallion White) decoction.
Jinsha San (Gold Sand Powder), from *Deshengtang Fang*, treats inability to urinate, sensation of blockage and hardness in the urethra with pain, even in critical conditions.
Ingredients: Zhen Hupo (Electrum) (0.3 fen), Haijinsha (Sporodium Lygodii) (0.3 fen), Muxiang Dangmenzi (Moschus) (one large piece).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with good wine, before meals.
Another prescription (from *Shenghui Fang*) treats incomplete urination, pain in the urethra, and urgent pain in the lower abdomen.
Ingredients: Puhuang (Pollen Typhae), Shihui (Talcum) [each equal parts].
Usage: Grind into powder. Take one fangcunbi with wine, three times daily. Very effective.
Shihui Baiyu San (Talcum and White Fish Powder), from *Jingui Fang*, treats incomplete urination.
Ingredients: Shihui (Talcum), Luankua (Burnt Human Hair), Baiyu (White Fish/Bookworm) [each 0.2 fen].
Usage: Grind into powder. Take 0.5 qian with warm water, three times daily.
Fuling Rongyan Tang (Poria and Rock Salt Decoction), from *Jingui Fang*, treats incomplete urination.
Ingredients: Fuling (Poria) (0.5 jin), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) (2 liang), Rongyan (Rock Salt) (one pill-sized piece).
Usage: Grind into powder. Mix with boiling water and take.
Another prescription (from *Shixiao Fang*) treats uncomfortable urination.
Ingredients: Moyao (Resina Myrrhae), Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis).
Usage: Grind into powder. Form pills with the natural juice of Ci Ji Xin (Stem of Carthamus Tinctorius) as large as Wutong seeds. Take 5-7 pills per dose before meals with salted water.
Poem on treating uncomfortable urination:
Why is urination uncomfortable? No need for acupuncture or medicine.
Decoct Bianzhu (Herba Lycopodii) in water and swallow continuously.
The divine virtue of immortals is never falsely transmitted.
Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill), from *Ruyi Fang*, treats Lin syndrome characterized by dribbling urine and severe pain upon onset. This is a disease of the Heart and Small Intestine meridians, involving heat, cold, and Kidney deficiency with Qi stagnation.
Ingredients: Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan), Fuling (Poria), Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis) [each 3 liang], Shanzhuyu (Fructus Corni), Shanyao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae) [each 4 liang], Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata), Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi) [each 2 liang], Shudihuang (Prepared Radix Rehmanniae).
Usage: Grind into powder. Mix with honey to form pills.
Qingfei Yinzi (Clear Lung Infusion), from *Shixiao Fang*, treats thirst with incomplete urination, caused by pathogenic heat in the Qi level of the Upper Jiao.
Ingredients: Fuling (Poria, peeled) (2 qian), Zhuling (Polyporus) (peeled, 3 qian), Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis) (0.5 fen), Hupo (Electrum) (0.5 fen), Dengxincao (Medulla Junci) (0.1 fen), Mutong (Caulis Akebiae) (0.7 fen).
Usage: Add 1.5 zhan of water, decoct, and take warm.
Bazheng San (Eight-Utensils Powder) and Zhang Zhongjing's Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) are suitable for regular use.
Weiling Tang (Stomach-Calm Decoction), from *Ruyi Fang*, treats incomplete urination due to deep-cold syndrome, stomach deficiency and disharmony, and morning heart/abdominal pain.
Ingredients: Pingwei San (Powder), Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) [each equal parts].
Usage: Mix with boiling water and take. For cold stomach, use Wuji San (Five-Accumulations Powder).
Treatment for bladder inversion caused by holding urine (from *Bencao*):
Collect fingernails, burn to ash, and take with water.
Treatment for bladder inversion caused by long-term holding of urine (from *Bencao*):
Wrap the waist and kidneys with silk. Bend forward so the head touches the ground. Repeat three times to restore patency.
Treatment for bladder inversion in men and women caused by excessive holding of urine:
Take Shihui (Talcum) powder, mixed with Congtang (Scallion Decoction), 2 qian per dose.