立斋曰∶疮疡,小便淋漓频数,或茎中涩者,肾经亏损之恶证也,宜用加减八味丸,以
补阴。足胫逆冷者,宜用八味丸,以补阳。若小便频数而黄者,宜用四物汤加参、术、麦门
、五味,以滋肺肾。若小便短而少者,宜用补中益气加山药、麦门、五味,以补脾肺。若热
结膀胱而不利者,宜用五淋散,以清热。若脾气燥热而不能化者,宜用黄芩清肺饮,以滋阴
。若膀胱阴虚,阳无以生者,宜用滋肾丸。若膀胱阳虚,阴无以化者,宜用六味地黄丸。肾
虚之患,多传此证,非滋化源则不救。若用黄柏知母反泻其阳,是速其危也。若老人阴痿思
色,精气内败,茎中痛而不利者,用加减八味丸加车前子、牛膝。不应,更加附子,多有复
生者。若精已竭而复耗之,大小便中牵痛,愈痛则愈便,愈便则愈痛,以前药加附子,亦有
复生者。王太仆云∶无阴则阳无以化,无阳则阴无以生。当滋其化源,若专用淡渗,复损真
阴,乃速其危也。
立斋曰∶疮疡发痉,因气血亏损,或为外邪所搏,或内虚郁火所致。其形则牙关紧急,
四肢劲强,或腰背反张,肢体抽搐。其有汗而不恶寒者,曰柔痉。风能散气,故有汗也。其
无汗而恶寒者,曰刚痉。寒能涩血,故无汗也。皆由亡血过多,筋无所养,故伤寒汗下过多
,与溃疡、产后多患之,乃败证也。若大补气血,多有可治者;若作风治,速其危也。
痉论法,俱详见《杂证谟十二卷·痉证门》,所当参阅。
薛立斋说:疮疡患者,出现小便淋漓不尽、次数频繁,或者尿道中有涩痛感的,是肾经亏损的危重证候,适宜使用加减八味丸,来补益阴液。如果足胫部逆冷,适宜使用八味丸,来补益阳气。如果小便频数且颜色发黄,适宜使用四物汤加入人参、白术、麦门冬、五味子,来滋养肺肾。如果尿量短少,适宜使用补中益气汤加入山药、麦门冬、五味子,来补益脾肺。如果是热邪结聚膀胱导致排尿不利的,适宜使用五淋散,来清除热邪。如果是脾气燥热导致无法正常化生津液的,适宜使用黄芩清肺饮,来滋阴润燥。如果是膀胱阴虚,导致阳气无法生成的,适宜使用滋肾丸。如果是膀胱阳虚,导致阴液无法气化的,适宜使用六味地黄丸。肾虚引起的疾病,多会传变出现这种证候,如果不滋生化之源就无法挽救。如果使用黄柏、知母,反而会泻损阳气,这是加速病情危重的做法。如果是老年人因阳痿而思欲行房,导致精气在内败坏,尿道疼痛且排尿不利的,使用加减八味丸加入车前子、牛膝。如果无效,再加用附子,大多能恢复生机。如果是精液已经枯竭却再次耗损,大小便时牵拉疼痛,越痛越想排便,越排便越痛的,用前面的药方加用附子,也有恢复生机的。王太仆说:没有阴液则阳气无法气化,没有阳气则阴液无法生成。应当滋生化之源,如果专用淡味渗利之药,反而损伤真阴,这是加速病情危重的做法。
薛立斋说:疮疡患者发生痉病(肌肉痉挛、抽搐),是因为气血亏损,或者是被外邪侵袭,或者是内虚郁火所致。其症状表现为牙关紧急紧闭,四肢僵硬强直,或者腰背向后反折,肢体抽搐。其中有汗出但不怕冷的,称为柔痉。风邪容易耗散正气,所以会有汗出。其中无汗出且怕冷的,称为刚痉。寒邪容易使血液凝涩,所以无汗出。这都是因为失血过多,筋脉失去濡养,所以在伤寒病中发汗或攻下过多,以及溃疡病患者、产后妇女中多见,属于败坏之证。如果大补气血,大多可以治愈;如果当作风邪治疗,会加速病情危重。关于痉病的论述法则,都详细记载在《杂证谟》第十二卷·痉证门中,应当参考阅读。
Li Zhai stated: In patients with sores and ulcers, if there is dribbling, frequent urination, or a涩 (astringent/obstructive) sensation in the urethra, this is an ominous sign of kidney meridian deficiency. It is appropriate to use Jiajian Bawei Wan (Modified Eight-Ingredient Pill) to tonify yin. If the lower legs and shins are cold in reverse, it is appropriate to use Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) to tonify yang. If urination is frequent and yellow, it is appropriate to use Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Renshen (Ginseng), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber), and Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit) to nourish the lung and kidney. If urine volume is short and scanty, it is appropriate to use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) added with Shanyao (Dioscorea Rhizome), Maidong, and Wuweizi to tonify the spleen and lung. If heat accumulation in the bladder causes difficulty in urination, it is appropriate to use Wulin San (Five Strangury Powder) to clear heat. If dryness and heat in the spleen qi prevent proper transformation, it is appropriate to use Huangqin Qingfei Yin (Scutellaria Lung-Clearing Infusion) to nourish yin. If bladder yin is deficient such that yang cannot be generated, it is appropriate to use Zishen Wan (Kidney-Nourishing Pill). If bladder yang is deficient such that yin cannot be transformed, it is appropriate to use Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). Diseases caused by kidney deficiency often transmit to this syndrome; without nourishing the source of transformation, rescue is impossible. Using Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark) and Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) would instead drain yang, thereby hastening the danger. In elderly men with impotence who indulge in sexual desire, causing internal depletion of essence and qi, resulting in penile pain and difficult urination, Jiajian Bawei Wan added with Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed) and Niuxi (Achyranthes Root) should be used. If ineffective, add Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root); many cases recover. If essence is already exhausted but further depleted, causing pulling pain during defecation and urination—where greater pain leads to more urge to defecate/urinate, which in turn increases pain—using the previous formula with added Fuzi has also led to recovery. Wang Taipu said: Without yin, yang cannot be transformed; without yang, yin cannot be generated. One must nourish the source of transformation. If one uses only bland and diuretic agents, it will further damage true yin, thereby hastening the danger.
Li Zhai stated: Spasm (Jing Syndrome) occurring in patients with sores and ulcers is due to deficiency of qi and blood, invasion by external pathogens, or internal deficiency with stagnant fire. The manifestations include tightness of the jaw, stiffness and rigidity of the four limbs, opisthotonos (backward arching of the back), and limb convulsions. Cases with sweating but no aversion to cold are called Rou Jing (Soft Spasm). Wind disperses qi, hence sweating occurs. Cases with no sweating and aversion to cold are called Gang Jing (Hard Spasm). Cold congeals blood, hence no sweating occurs. All these arise from excessive loss of blood, leaving tendons without nourishment. Thus, they are commonly seen after excessive sweating or purgation in Taiyang disease, or in patients with chronic ulcers and postpartum women; these are signs of collapse. If qi and blood are greatly tonified, many cases can be treated; if treated as wind disorders, it will hasten the danger. The theories and methods regarding spasm are detailed in "Miscellaneous Disorders Treatise," Volume 12, Chapter on Spasm Syndrome, and should be consulted.