伤风之病，本由外感，但邪甚而深者，遍传经络，即为伤寒；邪轻而浅者，止犯皮毛，
即为伤风。皮毛为肺之合而上通于鼻，故其在外则为鼻塞声重。甚者并连少阳、阳明之经，
而或为头痛，或为憎寒发热；其在内则多为咳嗽，甚则邪实在肺，而为痰为喘。有寒胜而受
风者，身必无汗而多咳嗽，以阴邪闭郁皮毛也。有热胜而受风者，身必多汗，恶风而咳嗽，
以阳邪开泄肌腠也。有气强者，虽见痰嗽，或五六日，或十余日，肺气疏则顽痰利，风邪渐
散而愈也。有气弱者，邪不易解而痰嗽日甚，或延绵数月，风邪犹在，非用辛温，必不散也
。有以衰老受邪，而不慎起居，则旧邪未去，新邪继之，多致终身受其累，此治之尤不易也
。盖凡风邪伤人，必在肩后颈根、大杼、风门、肺俞之间，由兹达肺，最近最捷，按而酸处
，即其径也。故凡气体薄弱，及中年以后血气渐衰者，邪必易犯，但知慎护此处，或昼坐则
常令微暖，或夜卧则以衣帛之类密护其处，勿使微凉，则可免终身伤风咳嗽之患。此余身验
切效之法，谨录之以告夫惜身同志者。
凡伤风咳嗽多痰，或喘急呕恶者，宜六安煎加减治之为最妙，二陈汤多加生姜亦可。若
外感风寒，咳嗽多痰，喘急而阴虚血气不足，痰有不活，气有不充，则托送无力，邪不易解
，宜金水六君煎，其效如神。若年衰胃弱者，尤宜用之。若伤风兼寒，而咳嗽发热者，宜柴
陈煎。若时行风邪在肺，咳嗽喘急多痰，而阴寒气甚，邪不易解者，宜小青龙汤，或消风百
解散，或金沸草散。若伤风初感，寒热往来，涕唾稠粘，胸膈不快，咳嗽多痰者，参苏饮。
若伤风头痛，鼻塞声重，咳嗽者，《局方》神术散，或川芎茶调散。若感风兼湿，而头目不
清，鼻塞声重者，宜冲和散。若风寒外闭，肢节烦疼，鼻塞声重，而内多伏火者，《局方》
羌活散。若太阳经伤风，发热，自汗，恶风者，桂枝汤。
伤风这一病症，原本是由外感邪气引起的，但如果邪气严重且深入，遍及经络，就会转变为伤寒；如果邪气轻微且浅表，仅侵犯皮毛，就称为伤风。皮毛与肺相合，并且向上通连于鼻，所以病在体表时会出现鼻塞、声音沉闷的症状。严重的还会牵连少阳经和阳明经，出现头痛，或者憎寒发热；病在体内则多为咳嗽，严重时邪气实于肺部，导致生痰或气喘。有因寒气偏盛而受风的，身体必然无汗且多咳嗽，这是因为阴邪闭塞郁滞了皮毛。有因热邪偏盛而受风的，身体必然多汗，怕风且咳嗽，这是因为阳邪开泄了肌腠。有正气强盛的，虽然见到痰嗽，经过五六天或十几天，肺气疏通后顽痰排出，风邪逐渐消散而痊愈。有正气虚弱的，邪气不易解除且痰嗽日益加重，甚至拖延数月，风邪仍在，如果不使用辛温药物，必定不能消散。有因年老体衰而受邪，又不注意起居调摄的，旧邪未去，新邪又至，多导致终身受其拖累，这种情况治疗尤其困难。大概凡是被风邪伤人，一定是在肩后颈根、大杼穴、风门穴、肺俞穴之间，由此通达肺部，路径最近最快捷，按压这些部位感到酸楚的地方，就是风邪入侵的途径。所以凡是体质薄弱，以及中年以后气血逐渐衰退的人，邪气容易侵犯，只要知道谨慎保护这些部位，或者白天坐着时常令其微暖，或者夜晚睡觉时用丝织衣物等严密护住该处，不让其受微凉，就可以避免终身患伤风咳嗽的毛病。这是我亲身验证确实有效的方法，恭敬地记录下来以告知那些爱惜身体志同道合的人。
凡是伤风咳嗽多痰，或者喘急呕吐恶心的，适宜用六安煎加减治疗最为巧妙，二陈汤多加生姜也可以。如果是外感风寒，咳嗽多痰，喘急而且阴虚血气不足，痰液不活跃，气力不充足，那么托送邪气无力，邪气不易解除，适宜用金水六君煎，效果如神。如果是年老体衰胃弱的人，尤其适宜使用。如果是伤风兼有寒气，并且咳嗽发热的，适宜用柴陈煎。如果是时行风邪在肺，咳嗽喘急多痰，而且阴寒气很盛，邪气不易解除的，适宜用小青龙汤，或者消风百解散，或者金沸草散。如果是伤风初感，寒热往来，鼻涕唾液稠粘，胸膈不适，咳嗽多痰的，适宜用参苏饮。如果是伤风头痛，鼻塞声重，咳嗽的，《局方》的神术散，或者川芎茶调散。如果是感受风邪兼夹湿气，而且头目不清爽，鼻塞声重的，适宜用冲和散。如果是风寒外闭，肢节烦疼，鼻塞声重，而且内部多有伏火的，《局方》羌活散。如果是太阳经受伤风，发热，自汗，怕风的，适宜用桂枝汤。
Wind-cold injury (Shang Feng) is originally caused by external pathogenic factors. However, if the pathogen is severe and deep, spreading throughout the meridians, it transforms into Cold Damage (Shang Han); if the pathogen is mild and superficial, affecting only the skin and hair, it is termed Wind-cold injury (Shang Feng). The skin and hair are associated with the Lung and connect upward to the nose; therefore, when the pathology is at the exterior, symptoms such as nasal congestion and heavy voice occur. In severe cases, it may involve the Shaoyang and Yangming meridians, leading to headache, aversion to cold, or fever. Internally, it mostly manifests as coughing; in extreme cases, pathogenic excess in the Lung leads to phlegm production or wheezing. When cold predominates and wind is contracted, the body will likely have no sweat and frequent coughing, due to Yin pathogens closing and stagnating the skin and hair. When heat predominates and wind is contracted, the body will likely have excessive sweating, aversion to wind, and coughing, due to Yang pathogens opening and draining the muscle interstices. Those with strong Qi, even if presenting with phlegm and cough, may recover after five to six days or more than ten days, as the Lung Qi unblocks, stubborn phlegm is cleared, and wind pathogens gradually disperse. Those with weak Qi find it difficult to resolve the pathogen, with phlegm and cough worsening daily, potentially lingering for months while wind pathogens remain; without acrid-warm herbs, dispersion is impossible. For those suffering from weakness due to aging who neglect daily care, old pathogens may not be expelled before new ones arrive, often resulting in lifelong affliction, making treatment particularly difficult. Generally, when wind pathogens injure the person, they enter through the area behind the shoulders and at the root of the neck—specifically Dazhu (BL11), Fengmen (BL12), and Feishu (BL13)—reaching the Lung via the shortest and most direct route. Tenderness upon pressure indicates this pathway. Therefore, individuals with weak constitutions or declining Qi and Blood after middle age are prone to invasion; by carefully protecting these areas, keeping them slightly warm during daytime sitting, or covering them tightly with silk garments at night to prevent slight chilling, one can avoid lifelong issues of wind-cold injury and coughing. This is a method I have personally verified as effective, recorded here to advise those who cherish their health and share similar principles.
For wind-cold injury with cough, abundant phlegm, or wheezing and nausea, Liu'an Decoction (Liu'an Jian) modified is most appropriate; Erchen Tang (Two-Cured Decoction) with added fresh ginger is also suitable. If external cold-dwindle causes cough with abundant phlegm and wheezing, accompanied by Yin deficiency and insufficient Qi and Blood, where phlegm is inactive and Qi is deficient, lacking the strength to expel pathogens, Jinshui Liujun Decoction (Jinshui Liujun Jian) is indicated, with miraculous efficacy. It is especially suitable for the elderly with weak stomachs. For wind-cold injury combined with cold, causing cough and fever, Chaichen Decoction (Chai Chen Jian) is appropriate. For epidemic wind pathogens in the Lung, causing cough, wheezing, abundant phlegm, with severe Yin-cold and difficulty resolving pathogens, Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction), Xiaofeng Baijie San (Wind-Dispersing Hundred-Release Powder), or Jinfeicao San (Boiling Grass Powder) are suitable. For initial wind-cold injury with alternating chills and fever, thick sticky nasal discharge and sputum, chest discomfort, and cough with abundant phlegm, Shenru Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Infusion) is indicated. For wind-cold injury with headache, nasal congestion, heavy voice, and cough, Shenzhu San (Divine Efficacy Powder) from *Ju Fang* or Chuanxiong Chatiao San (Ligusticum Tea-Regulating Powder) are appropriate. For wind-pathogen combined with dampness, causing unclear head and eyes, nasal congestion, and heavy voice, Chonghe San (Harmonizing Powder) is suitable. For external closure by wind-cold, painful limbs and joints, nasal congestion, heavy voice, and internal latent fire, Qianghuo San (Notopterygium Powder) from *Ju Fang* is indicated. For Taiyang meridian wind-cold injury with fever, spontaneous sweating, and aversion to wind, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is appropriate.