辛苦温，有毒。
发明 乌 味苦而辛，性沉而降。故能主暴水症结积聚，功胜大戟，气虚人不可用之
。叶治食牛马六畜肉腹中绞痛欲死者，捣自然汁一二盏，顿服大利，毒去则愈。冬用根皮捣
烂和酒绞服。 油涂头变白为黑。涂一切肿痛疮疥， 油烛抽去心导大便秘结效。
辛热，大毒。去壳及心炒紫黑，或烧存性，或研烂纸包压去油，取霜，各随方制
。
《本经》主伤寒湿疟寒热，破症瘕结聚，坚积留饮，痰癖大腹，荡练五脏六腑，开通
闭塞，利水谷道，去恶肉，除鬼毒蛊疰邪物，杀虫鱼。
发明 巴豆辛热，能荡练五脏六腑，不特破症瘕结聚之坚积，并可治伤寒湿疟之寒热
，如仲景治寒实结胸用白散，深得《本经》之旨。世本作温疟，当是湿疟，亥豕之谬也。其
性峻利，有破血排脓、攻痰逐水之力，宜随证轻重而施。生用则峻攻，熟用则温利，去油用
霜则推陈致新，随证之缓急而施反正之治。峻用则有戡乱却病之功，少用亦有抚绥调中之妙
。可以通肠，可以止泻，此发千古之秘也。一老妇人，久病溏泄，遍服调脾升提止涩诸药，
则泻反甚，脉沉而滑，此脾胃久伤、冷积凝滞所致。法当以热下之则寒去利止，自后每用以
治泄痢结聚诸病，多有不泻而病痊者，妙在得宜耳。苟用不当则犯损阴之戒矣。按∶巴豆、
大黄同为攻下之剂，但大黄性寒，腑病多热者宜之；巴豆性热，脏病多寒者宜之。其壳烧灰
存性，能止泻痢亦却病之效也。孕妇禁用，以力能堕胎也。元素曰，巴豆乃斩关夺门之将，
不可轻用。世以治酒病膈气，以其辛热能开通肠胃郁热耳，第郁结虽通，血液随亡，其阴亏
损。伤寒结胸，小儿疳积用之，不死亦危。奈何庸人畏大黄而不畏巴豆，以其性热剂小耳，
试以少许轻擦完肤，须臾发泡，况下肠胃能无熏灼溃烂之患乎。即有急证不得已而用之，压
去其油取霜少许入药可也。
味苦、辛，性温，有毒。
【发明】乌（巴豆）味苦而辛，药性沉降下行。因此能主治暴发性水肿、水饮停聚及积聚痞块，功效胜过大戟，但气虚之人不可使用。叶氏记载治疗因食用牛、马等六畜肉导致腹中绞痛欲死的情况，将巴豆捣取自然汁一至二盏，一次性服下，引起剧烈腹泻，毒邪排出后病愈。冬季使用根皮，捣烂后与酒混合绞汁服用。用其油涂抹头发可使白发变黑。涂抹于各种肿痛、疮疡疥癣之上，亦有效。若将巴豆油滴入烛芯中心，可引导大便通畅，对大便秘结疗效显著。
味辛、热，有大毒。使用时需去壳及心，炒至紫黑色，或烧存性，或研烂后用纸包裹压榨去油，提取巴豆霜，具体炮制方法随处方而定。
《神农本草经》记载：主治伤寒湿疟引起的寒热往来，破除症瘕结聚，消除坚积、留饮、痰癖及大腹积水，荡涤五脏六腑，开通闭塞，利通大小便，去除恶肉，驱除鬼毒、蛊疰等邪物，杀灭鱼虫。
【发明】巴豆味辛性热，能荡涤五脏六腑，不仅在于破除症瘕结聚的坚积，还可以治疗伤寒湿疟的寒热症状。如张仲景治疗寒实结胸证使用白散方，深得《神农本草经》的宗旨。后世版本多作“温疟”，应当是“湿疟”之误，这是字形相近导致的谬误。巴豆药性峻猛滑利，具有破血排脓、攻逐痰水的力量，应根据病情轻重来施用。生用则峻猛攻下，熟用则温和通利，去油制成霜则能推陈出新，根据病情的缓急采用相反相成的治法。峻猛使用则有平定祸乱、祛除疾病的功效，少量使用也有安抚调和脾胃的妙处。既可以通便，又可以止泻，这是发掘了千古以来的秘密。有一位老妇人，长期患病大便溏泄，遍服调理脾胃、升提固涩的药物，反而腹泻加重，脉象沉而滑，这是脾胃久伤、冷积凝滞所致。治法应当用热性药物攻下，使寒邪去而利自止。此后每用此法治疗泄痢结聚等病，多有未引起腹泻而病愈者，妙在用药得当罢了。如果用药不当，就会触犯损伤阴液的禁忌。按语：巴豆与大黄同为攻下剂，但大黄性寒，腑病多属热者适宜；巴豆性热，脏病多属寒者适宜。巴豆壳烧成灰存性，能止泻痢，也是祛除疾病的有效方法。孕妇禁用，因为其力量能堕胎。李东垣说，巴豆是斩关夺门的将领，不可轻易使用。世人用它治疗酒病和膈气，是因为其辛热能开通肠胃郁热。只是郁结虽然通了，血液随之耗亡，导致阴液亏损。治疗伤寒结胸和小儿疳积时使用它，不死也危险。为何庸医害怕大黄而不害怕巴豆，只因为巴豆性热且剂量小呢？试着用少许巴豆轻擦完好皮肤，片刻即起水泡，何况进入肠胃，能不造成熏灼溃烂的祸患吗？即使有急证不得已而使用，也应压榨去油取少许巴豆霜入药即可。
Bitter, pungent, warm in nature, toxic.
[Invention] Ba Dou (Croton Seed) is bitter and pungent, with a heavy and descending nature. Therefore, it can primarily treat acute edema, fluid retention, and accumulations of masses, with efficacy surpassing that of *Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix* (Daji). However, it must not be used by individuals with Qi deficiency. Ye recorded its use for treating severe abdominal colic caused by consuming meat from cattle, horses, or other livestock; crushing the fresh seed to extract natural juice, one to two cups were taken at once, inducing severe diarrhea. Once the toxin was expelled, the patient recovered. In winter, the root bark is crushed and mixed with wine, then the juice is extracted and ingested. Applying its oil to the head turns white hair black. Applied to various swellings, pains, sores, and scabies, it is also effective. Inserting the oil into the wick of a candle can guide the relief of severe constipation, proving highly effective.
Pungent, hot, highly toxic. The husk and heart should be removed before stir-frying until purple-black, or calcined to retain its properties, or ground and pressed between paper to remove the oil, yielding the "Ba Dou Frost" (Croton Seed Frost), prepared according to specific prescriptions.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: It treats chills and fever associated with cold-damp malaria, breaks up masses and accumulations, eliminates hard deposits, retained fluids, phlegm-accumulation, and abdominal distension. It purges the five zang and six fu organs, opens blockages, promotes the passage of water and grain, removes necrotic tissue, expels evil toxins, gu-poison, and pestilential pathogens, and kills parasites and fish.
[Invention] Ba Dou is pungent and hot, capable of purging the five zang and six fu organs. Its function extends beyond breaking up hard accumulations of masses to treating chills and fevers of cold-damp malaria. For instance, Zhang Zhongjing used *Bai San* (White Powder) to treat Cold-Excess Chest Bind (Han Shi Jie Xiong), deeply adhering to the principles of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. Later editions often read "Warm Malaria," which is likely a textual error for "Damp Malaria" due to similar character shapes. Its nature is峻猛 (harsh and slippery), possessing the power to break blood stasis, discharge pus, attack phlegm, and drive out water. It should be administered according to the severity of the condition. Raw usage implies harsh purgation; cooked usage implies mild promotion of flow; using the oil-free frost pushes out the old and generates the new, applying contrary treatments based on the urgency of the disease. Harsh use achieves the merit of quelling chaos and eliminating disease; small doses achieve the subtlety of soothing and regulating the middle jiao. It can unblock the intestines or stop diarrhea, revealing a secret of millennia. An elderly woman suffered from chronic loose stools. After taking numerous spleen-regulating, lifting, and astringent medicines, her diarrhea worsened. Her pulse was deep and slippery, indicating long-term spleen-stomach injury and stagnation of cold accumulation. The method requires using hot-natured purgatives to expel cold and stop diarrhea. Subsequently, using this method to treat various conditions involving diarrhea, dysentery, and accumulations often resulted in recovery without causing diarrhea, the miracle lying in appropriate application. Improper use violates the taboo of damaging yin. Note: Both Ba Dou and *Rhei Radix et Rhizoma* (Dahuang) are purgatives. However, Dahuang is cold in nature and suitable for fu-organ diseases which are mostly heat-related; Ba Dou is hot in nature and suitable for zang-organ diseases which are mostly cold-related. Calcined Ba Dou husk retains properties that can stop diarrhea and dysentery, serving as another effective method. It is contraindicated in pregnancy because its potency can induce abortion. Li Dongyuan stated that Ba Dou is a general who breaches gates and seizes cities; it must not be used lightly. People use it to treat alcohol-induced diseases and diaphragmatic qi stagnation because its pungency and heat can open gastrointestinal郁热 (stagnant heat). However, although the stagnation is cleared, blood is consumed, leading to yin deficiency. Using it for cold-damage chest bind or pediatric malnutrition (Gan Ji) is dangerous, potentially fatal. Why do mediocre physicians fear Dahuang but not Ba Dou? Only because Ba Dou is hot and the dose is small. Testing a tiny amount on intact skin causes blistering in moments; how much more destructive would it be to the intestines and stomach, causing burning and ulceration? Even if unavoidable in emergency cases, only a small amount of oil-extracted frost should be added to the prescription.