辛热，有毒。入祛风药。同细辛、黑豆煮入活络药。同甘草炮制，按乌头乃附
子之母。春生新附即采其母，诸家《本草》未尝发明。但云春采者为乌头，故举世误认乌头
为春时取附子之小者，往往以侧子代用，误人多矣。反半夏。
发明 乌头得春生之气，故治风为响导。主中风、恶风、半身不遂、风寒湿痹，心腹冷
痛，肩髀痛不可俯仰，及阴疽久不溃者，溃久疮寒歹肉不敛者，并宜少加以通血脉，惟在用
之得宜。小儿慢惊搐搦，涎壅厥逆，生川乌、全蝎加生姜煎服效。其乌头之尖为末，茶清服
半钱吐癫痫风痰，取其锐气从下焦直达病所，借茶清涌之而出也。夫药之相反者，以乌头、
半夏为最。而《金匮》赤丸及《普济方》俱二味同用，非妙达圣义者难以语此。
辛温，大毒。即附子之独颗无附，大倍附子者，制法与附子同。
《本经》主大风寒湿痹，历节痛拘挛缓急，破积聚邪气金疮，强骨髓，轻身健行。
发明 天雄禀纯阳之性，补命门三焦，壮阳精，强肾气过于附子，故《本经》用以治大
风寒开湿痹历节拘挛诸病，阳气衰痿者佐人参用之。天雄、附子性皆下行，若上焦阳虚者，
当用参、 ，不当用此也。且乌、附之尖皆是向下生者，其脐乃向上生苗处。宗 、元素皆
误认尖为上，惟震亨以为下部之佐者得之。《肘后》三建汤治元阳素虚，寒邪外入，厥冷脉
沉及伤寒阴毒，川乌、附子、天雄炮制等分，每服四钱，加生姜十五片温服。《金匮》治男
子失精，用天雄、龙骨、桂枝、白术为散，酒服半钱；淮南用天雄一枚，纳雄鸡腹中，煮烂
捣，食之令人勇，取壮肝肾之气也。
辛热，有毒。用于祛风药物中。与细辛、黑豆同煮后加入活络药物中。与甘草炮制使用。按乌头是附子的母根。春季新生长的附子即采摘其母根，各家《本草》著作未曾阐明这一点。只是说春季采挖的称为乌头，因此世人都错误地认为乌头是春季取出的较小的附子，往往用侧子代替使用，误导人很多。与半夏相反。
发明：乌头禀受春季生发之气，所以治疗风病作为先导。主治中风、恶风、半身不遂、风寒湿痹，心腹冷痛，肩部和髀部疼痛不能俯仰，以及阴疽长期不溃破的，溃破后久不愈合、疮口寒冷腐肉不收敛的，都适宜少量加入以通血脉，关键在于使用得当。小儿慢惊风抽搐，痰涎壅盛厥逆，用生川乌、全蝎加生姜煎服有效。将乌头的尖端研成末，用茶清送服半钱，可吐出癫痫风痰，取其锐气从下焦直达病所，借茶清的涌吐作用将其排出。药物相克的，以乌头和半夏最为显著。而《金匮要略》中的赤丸及《普济方》中都两味药同用，不是精妙通达圣人之意的医者难以与此谈论。
辛温，大毒。就是附子中单独一颗没有旁附的，体积比附子大一倍多的，炮制方法与附子相同。
《本经》主治大风寒湿痹，历节痛拘挛缓急，破除积聚邪气金疮，强骨髓，轻身健行。
发明：天雄禀赋纯阳之性，补益命门和三焦，壮阳精，强肾气超过附子，所以《本经》用它来治疗大风寒开湿痹历节拘挛各种疾病，阳气衰痿者辅助人参使用。天雄、附子药性都下行，如果上焦阳虚，应当用人参、[缺字]，不应当用这个。而且乌头、附子的尖端都是向下生长的，其脐部是向上生长苗的地方。李东垣、张元素都错误地认为尖部在上，只有朱震亨认为下部之佐者得到它是对的。《肘后备急方》三建汤治疗元阳素虚，寒邪外入，四肢厥冷脉沉及伤寒阴毒，川乌、附子、天雄炮制等分，每次服用四钱，加生姜十五片温服。《金匮要略》治疗男子失精，用天雄、龙骨、桂枝、白术制成散剂，酒送服半钱；淮南地区用天雄一枚，放入雄鸡腹中，煮烂捣碎，食用它让人勇敢，取的是壮肝肾之气的作用。
Acrid and hot, toxic. Used in wind-dispelling formulas. Boiled with Asari Radix (Xixin) and black beans, then incorporated into meridians-activating prescriptions. Processed with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao). According to the text, Wutou is the mother root of Fuzi. In spring, when new Fuzi sprouts, its mother root is harvested; this point has not been elucidated by various authors of Materia Medica. It is merely stated that those harvested in spring are called Wutou, leading the world to mistakenly identify Wutou as smaller Fuzi taken in spring, often substituting Cezhi for it, thereby misleading many people. Incompatible with Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia).
Invention: Wutou inherits the qi of spring generation, thus serving as a guide in treating wind disorders. It primarily treats stroke (Zhongfeng), aversion to wind, hemiplegia, Bi syndrome due to wind-cold-dampness, cold pain in the heart and abdomen, pain in the shoulders and thighs preventing flexion and extension, and chronic yin abscesses that fail to ulcerate or, once ulcerated, fail to heal due to cold sores with foul flesh. It is suitable to add small amounts to invigorate blood vessels, provided it is used appropriately. For slow convulsions in children with phlegm obstruction and syncope, raw Chuanwu (Sichuan Aconite) combined with Scorpio (Quanxie) decocted with fresh ginger is effective. The tip of Wutou ground into powder, taken with clear tea, induces vomiting of epileptic wind-phlegm, utilizing its sharp qi to reach the disease site directly from the lower jiao, aided by the emetic action of clear tea. Among incompatible drugs, Wutou and Banxia are the most prominent. Yet both the Chi Wan in *Jingui Yaolue* and the combination in *Pujifang* use these two together; only those who profoundly understand the sage's intent can discuss this.
Acrid and warm, highly toxic. It refers to the single tuber of Fuzi without lateral buds, which is more than double the size of normal Fuzi. Its processing method is the same as that of Fuzi.
*Shennong Benjing* states it treats severe wind-cold-damp Bi, joint pain with spasms and stiffness, breaks up accumulations and pathogenic qi, heals traumatic injuries, strengthens bone marrow, lightens the body, and improves mobility.
Invention: Tianxiong possesses pure yang nature, tonifying the Mingmen and Sanjiao, strengthening yang essence, and reinforcing kidney qi more powerfully than Fuzi. Thus, *Shennong Benjing* uses it to treat severe wind-cold opening damp-Bi, joint spasms, and other diseases; for those with yang deficiency and atrophy, it is used as an assistant to Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen). Both Tianxiong and Fuzi have downward-moving properties; if there is upper jiao yang deficiency, one should use Renshen and [missing character], not these herbs. Furthermore, the tips of Wutou and Fuzi all grow downward, while their navels are where the shoots grow upward. Li Dongyuan and Zhang Yuansu mistakenly believed the tip was superior/upward, whereas Zhu Zhenheng correctly regarded it as an assistant for the lower part. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*'s Sanjian Tang treats constitutional yuan yang deficiency with external invasion of cold pathogens, manifesting as cold limbs and deep pulse, as well as yin toxicity in cold damage. Processed Chuanwu, Fuzi, and Tianxiong in equal parts, take 4 qian per dose, adding 15 slices of fresh ginger and taking warm. *Jingui Yaolue* treats seminal emission in men using Tianxiong, Longgu, Guizhi, and Baizhu made into a powder, taken with wine, half a qian per dose; in Huainan, one piece of Tianxiong is placed inside a rooster's belly, boiled until soft, pounded, and eaten to induce courage, taking advantage of its ability to strengthen liver and kidney qi.