《本经》名漆茎
苦寒，小毒。《别录》、《日华》、陶氏皆言是大戟苗，《纲目》名猫儿眼睛草。时珍云∶
江湖源泽多有之，掐茎有白汁黏人故名。
《本经》主皮肤大热，大腹水气，四肢面目浮肿，丈夫阴气不足。
发明 泽漆利水功类大戟，遂误以为大戟苗。《本经》言利丈夫阴气则与大戟不相侔也
。其治皮肤大热，面浮腹大等证，兼挟表热而言，其性与大戟亦相类也。《金匮》泽漆汤，
方用泽漆、半夏、紫参、白前、甘草、人参、桂心、生姜，以治肺咳上气脉沉。《大明》
言止疟疾，消痰，退热。《肘后》、《圣惠》、《易简》伏瘕，水肿，香港脚皆用之。
苦甘大寒，有毒。面裹煨熟用。反甘草。其根皮赤肉色白，作连珠大如指头，质
重，不蛀者良；赤皮者，性尤烈。
《本经》主大腹疝瘕，腹满，面目浮肿，留饮宿食，破症坚积聚，利水谷道。
发明 甘遂色白味苦，先升后降，乃泻水之峻药。《本经》治大腹疝瘕，面目浮肿，留
饮宿食等病，取其苦寒迅利疏通十二经，攻坚破结，直达水气所结之处。仲景大陷胸汤，《
金匮》甘草半夏汤用之，但大泻元气，且有毒，不可轻用。肾主水，凝则为痰饮，溢则为肿
胀。甘遂能泻肾经湿气，治痰之本也。不可过服，中病则止。仲景治心下留饮与甘草同用，
取其相反而立功也。《肘后方》治身面浮肿，甘遂末二钱，以雄猪肾一枚分七片入末拌匀，
湿纸裹煨令熟，每日服一片，至四五服，当腹鸣小便利是其效也。然水肿鼓胀，类多脾阴不
足，土虚不能制水，法当辛温补脾实土兼利小便；若误用甘遂、大戟、商陆、牵牛等味，祸
不旋踵。而癫痫心风血邪，甘遂二钱为末，以猪心管血和药，入心内缚定，湿纸裹煨熟，取
药入辰砂末一钱，分四圆，每服一圆，以猪心煎汤下，大便利下恶物为效，未下，更服一圆
。凡水肿未全消者，以甘遂末涂腹绕脐令满，内服甘草汤，其肿便去。二物相反而感应如此
，涂肿毒如上法亦得散。又治肥人卒然耳袭，甘遂一枚，绵裹塞耳中，口嚼甘草，耳卒然自
通也。
【泽漆】
《神农本草经》称其为“漆茎”。
味苦，性寒，有小毒。《名医别录》、《日华子本草》及陶弘景均认为它是大戟的幼苗，《本草纲目》称之为猫儿眼睛草。李时珍说：江湖沼泽地带多有生长，掐断茎部会有白色汁液粘手，因此得名。
《神农本草经》主治皮肤大热、大腹水气、四肢面目浮肿、男子阴气不足。
【发明】泽漆利水的功效类似大戟，人们便误以为它是大戟的幼苗。《神农本草经》说它能补益男子阴气，这就与大戟不同了。它治疗皮肤大热、面浮腹大等证候，是兼有表热的情况，其药性也和大戟相似。《金匮要略》中的泽漆汤，方中用泽漆、半夏、紫参、白前、甘草、人参、桂心、生姜，用来治疗肺咳、气逆、脉沉的症状。《大明本草》说它能止疟疾、消痰、退热。《肘后备急方》、《太平圣惠方》、《易简方》治疗伏瘕（潜伏在体内的肿块）、水肿、香港脚（足踝肿胀疼痛）都使用它。
【甘遂】
味苦、甘，性大寒，有毒。外用需包裹后煨熟使用。与甘草相反。它的根皮呈红色，肉质色白，形状像连珠一样大如手指，质地沉重，不虫蛀的为优良品；皮红的，药性尤其猛烈。
《神农本草经》主治大腹疝瘕、腹部胀满、面目浮肿、留饮宿食、破除症坚积聚、通利大小便。
【发明】甘遂色白味苦，作用趋势先升后降，是泻下逐水的峻猛药物。《神农本草经》治疗大腹疝瘕、面目浮肿、留饮宿食等疾病，是利用它苦寒迅利、疏通十二经脉的特性，攻坚破结，直达水气凝结之处。张仲景的大陷胸汤，《金匮要略》的甘草半夏汤（注：此处原文可能指含甘遂之方，如甘遂半夏汤）中使用它，但它会大幅损伤元气，且有毒，不可轻易使用。肾主水，水液凝聚则成痰饮，溢出肌肤则为肿胀。甘遂能泻除肾经湿气，这是治疗痰饮的根本方法。不可过量服用，病愈即止。张仲景治疗心下留饮时与甘草同用，是利用它们相反相成的原理来发挥作用。《肘后方》治疗身面浮肿，用甘遂末二钱，取雄猪肾一枚切成七片，拌入药末，用湿纸包裹煨熟，每日服一片，服用四五次后，如果听到肠鸣、小便通利，就是见效了。然而水肿鼓胀，大多属于脾阴不足，土虚不能制水，治法应当用辛温药物补脾实土并兼利小便；如果误用甘遂、大戟、商陆、牵牛等药，灾祸立刻就会降临。而癫痫、心风、血邪等症，用甘遂二钱研末，用猪心管内的血液调和药末，填入猪心中缚紧，用湿纸包裹煨熟，取出药物加入辰砂末一钱，分成四丸，每次服一丸，用猪心煎汤送下，以大便排出恶物为见效，若未排出，再服一丸。凡是水肿未完全消退的，用甘遂末涂抹腹部，绕脐一圈涂满，内服甘草汤，水肿便会消除。这两味药相反却能有如此感应，涂抹肿毒也可用上述方法消散。又治疗肥胖之人突然耳聋，用甘遂一枚，用绵布包裹塞入耳中，口中嚼食甘草，耳朵突然就能通了。
[Ze Qi]
Named "Qi Jing" in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica).
Bitter, cold, slightly toxic. The *Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians), *Rihuazhong Cao Mu Bencao* (Bencao of Rihua), and Tao Hongjing all state that it is the seedling of *Euphorbia pekinensis*. The *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica) calls it "Cat's Eye Grass". Li Shizhen said: It grows abundantly in rivers and marshes; when the stem is pinched, a white juice exudes and sticks to people, hence the name.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* treats severe skin heat, abdominal water retention, edema of the four limbs and face, and insufficiency of yang qi in men.
[Invention/Commentary] Ze Qi has diuretic effects similar to *Daji* (Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis), leading to the mistaken belief that it is the seedling of *Daji*. The statement in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* regarding benefiting male yang qi differs from *Daji*. Its treatment of severe skin heat, facial edema, and abdominal distension involves accompanying exterior heat, and its nature is also similar to *Daji*. In the *Jinkui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), Ze Qi Tang uses Ze Qi, Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome), Zishen (Glechoma Herba or possibly another herb depending on textual variant, here kept as Zishen), Baiqian (Cynanchum Root), Gancao (Licorice Root), Renshen (Ginseng), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig Heart), and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) to treat lung cough with rebellious qi and deep pulse. The *Da Ming Bencao* states it stops malaria, resolves phlegm, and reduces fever. The *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Ke Up My Sleeve), *Taiping Shenghui Fang*, and *Yijian Fang* use it for Fu Jia (latent masses), edema, and Hongxiangjiao (podagra/gouty swelling of the ankle).
[Gan Sui]
Bitter, sweet, extremely cold, toxic. For external use, wrap and bake until cooked. Incompatible with Gancao (Licorice Root). Its root bark is red, flesh is white, shaped like linked pearls, as thick as a finger, heavy in texture, and those not infested by insects are superior; those with red bark have an especially potent nature.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* treats large abdominal Shan Jia (hernia/masses), abdominal fullness, facial and bodily edema, retained fluid and old food stagnation, breaking hard accumulations and growths, and promoting the flow of urine and feces.
[Invention/Commentary] Gan Sui is white in color and bitter in taste, acting first ascending then descending; it is a harsh drug for draining water. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* treats conditions such as large abdominal masses, facial edema, retained fluid, and old food stagnation by utilizing its bitter-cold rapidity and acuity to unblock the twelve meridians, attack hardness, break knots, and reach directly to where water qi is knotted. Zhang Zhongjing's Da Xianxiong Tang and the Gan Sui Banxia Tang in the *Jinkui Yaolue* use it, but it severely drains primordial qi and is toxic, so it must not be used lightly. The Kidney governs water; condensation forms phlegm-fluid, and overflow causes edema. Gan Sui can drain dampness from the Kidney meridian, addressing the root of phlegm. It must not be taken in excess; stop when the disease is cured. Zhang Zhongjing used it together with Gancao to treat retained fluid under the heart, taking advantage of their antagonistic relationship to achieve therapeutic effect. The *Zhouhou Fang* treats whole-body and facial edema using 2 qian of Gan Sui powder, mixed with one male pig kidney sliced into seven pieces, wrapped in wet paper and baked. Take one piece daily; after 4-5 doses, if bowel sounds occur and urination becomes smooth, it is effective. However, edema and drum-like distension are mostly due to deficiency of Spleen Yin, where Earth deficiency fails to control Water; the method should involve pungent-warm herbs to tonify the Spleen and strengthen Earth, combined with promoting urination. If Gan Sui, Daji, Phytolaccae Radix (Shanglu), and Pharbitidis Semen (Qianniu) are mistakenly used, disaster will follow immediately. For epilepsy, Xin Feng (wind affecting the heart), and blood pathogenic factors, use 2 qian of Gan Sui powder, mix with blood from the pig heart vessel, stuff into the pig heart, tie securely, wrap in wet paper and bake. Take the medicine, mix with 1 qian of Cinnabar powder, divide into four pills. Take one pill per dose, washed down with decoction of pig heart. Effect is indicated by the passage of foul matter via stool; if not passed, take another pill. For edema not fully resolved, apply Gan Sui powder around the navel covering the abdomen, and internally administer Gancao decoction; the edema will subside. These two substances, though antagonistic, interact in this manner. Applying to swellings and sores follows the same method for dispersion. Also, for sudden deafness in obese individuals, insert one piece of Gan Sui wrapped in cotton into the ear, while chewing Gancao orally; the ear will suddenly become clear.