音古，黑羊也
咸平无毒。
《本经》主青盲、明目，止惊悸寒泄，久服安心益气轻身，杀毒虫，入山烧之辟恶鬼虎
野狼。
发明 羊与羚俱是野兽。 则雄猛倍甚，角亦起棱，与羚羊不殊，但色黑如漆。故专
伐肾邪辟不祥，与羚羊大都仿佛互参。《本经》此言青盲明目，即羚羊之专主明目也。此言
止惊悸，即羚之治魔寐也。此言止寒泄，即羚羊之去恶血注下也。此言久服安心益气轻身，
即羚羊之益气起阴气也。此言杀毒虫辟恶鬼虎野狼，即羚羊之辟蛊毒、恶鬼不祥也。但此主寒
泄本乎肾虚，不能摄津。彼主恶血注下系乎肝伤不能统血。而《别录》治蛊毒吐血，又与羚
羊主治相符，究其大纲，此专补救瞳人，彼专消磨翳障，一皆证治之常。至于烧之辟恶鬼虎
野狼，如此奇突，迥出意表，非寻常之可拟也。
甘温无毒。同猪肉食之生寸白虫，独肝牛善啖蛇，食之伤人，春月自死。牛肉及生
疔牛肉，食之令人瘟，急以生甘草煮汁解之。剥瘟牛伤手足者，令人胀满，急宜解之，迟则
不救。
发明 黄牛肉补气，与黄 同功。观丹溪《倒仓法论》而引伸触类，则牛之补土可心解
矣。又以黄牛肉取四蹄各五斤熬膏，去滓收干如鹿胶法，名霞天膏。主中风偏废，口眼歪斜
，痰涎壅塞，五脏六腑留痰宿饮癖块，手足皮肤中痰核，及大病后极虚羸瘦，每斤入茯苓四
两炖熔，空腹酒服三四钱。肥盛多痰者每斤入半夏曲四两、广皮二两，丸服大效。牛本属坤
土，而胆主风木，故能镇肝明目，腊月用酿南星末阴干，岁久多制，则苦润不燥。治经络风
痰及小儿惊痰，其功不减牛黄。牛骨髓补中填骨髓，久服增年，能润泽肌肤。黄牛脑和药治
头风脑漏。牛角腮，《本经》下闭血瘀血疼痛，女人带下血崩，燔之酒服。宗 曰，烧灰主
妇人血崩，大便下血，血痢。牛血性温，能补脾胃诸虚，治便血、血痢，一切病后羸瘦咸宜
食之。其靥乃肺系肉团，瓦上焙干为末，酒服，治喉痹气瘿，古方多用之或以制药益佳，取
引入肺经以通气结耳，与猪羊靥疗治不殊。牛齿烧灰治小儿痫。牛乳补虚羸，止渴，噎膈反
胃，大便燥者宜之。入生姜、葱白，止小儿风热吐乳。牛马肉共生鱼食之成鳖瘕。牛尿治水
肿，但胃虚少食人勿用。牛屎烧灰敷小儿痘疮溃烂。《产宝》治子死腹中，以湿牛粪涂之。
牛草绞汁治反胃噎膈，取其沾涎之多也。
音古，黑羊也。
咸平无毒。
《本经》主治青盲（视力模糊或失明）、明目，止惊悸、寒性泄泻，长期服用可安心、益气、轻身，杀灭毒虫，入山时焚烧可辟除恶鬼、老虎、野狼。
发明：羊与羚羊都是野兽。（此处指黑羊）则雄猛程度加倍，角也有棱角，与羚羊没有区别，只是颜色黑如漆。因此专门攻伐肾邪、辟除不祥之事，与羚羊大致相似，可以互相参照。《本经》所说的青盲明目，就是羚羊专门主治明目的功效。这里说的止惊悸，就是羚羊治疗魔寐（神志异常、梦魇）的功效。这里说的止寒泄，就是羚羊去除恶血注下（因瘀血导致的腹泻）的功效。这里说的久服安心益气轻身，就是羚羊益气、起阴气的功效。这里说的杀毒虫、辟恶鬼虎野狼，就是羚羊辟除蛊毒、恶鬼不祥的功效。但是，黑羊主治寒泄根本在于肾虚，不能固摄津液；而羚羊主治恶血注下系于肝伤，不能统摄血液。而《别录》记载治疗蛊毒吐血，又与羚羊的主治相符。究其大纲，黑羊专门补救瞳人（眼睛），羚羊专门消磨翳障（眼疾），这都是证治的常规。至于焚烧它来辟除恶鬼、老虎、野狼，如此奇特突兀，超出意料之外，不是寻常事物可以比拟的。
甘温无毒。同猪肉一起吃会生出寸白虫（绦虫），唯独牛肝善于吃蛇，吃了伤人，春天会自死。牛肉及患有疔疮的牛肉，食用后让人患瘟疫，急忙用生甘草煮汁解毒。剥皮时若被瘟牛所伤手足，会让人腹胀满，急忙应当解毒，迟了就无法救治。
发明：黄牛肉补气，与黄芪功效相同。看丹溪的《倒仓法论》并引申触类旁通，那么牛补益脾胃的道理就可以心中领会了。又用黄牛肉取四个蹄子各五斤熬成膏，去渣收干像鹿胶的方法，名叫霞天膏。主治中风偏瘫、口眼歪斜、痰涎壅塞、五脏六腑留存的痰饮癖块、手足皮肤中的痰核，以及大病后极度虚弱消瘦，每斤膏加入茯苓四两炖化，空腹用酒送服三四钱。肥胖多痰的人每斤膏加入半夏曲四两、广陈皮二两，制成丸药服用效果很大。牛本属坤土，但胆主风木，所以能镇肝明目，腊月用南星末酿制阴干，年代久了多制作，则苦润而不燥。治疗经络风痰及小儿惊痰，其功效不亚于牛黄。牛骨髓补中填骨髓，长期服用增加寿命，能润泽肌肤。黄牛脑配合药物治疗头风、脑漏。牛角腮，《本经》记载治疗闭血、瘀血疼痛，女人带下、血崩，烧酒后服用。宗奭说，烧灰主治妇人血崩、大便下血、血痢。牛血色温，能补脾胃各种虚证，治疗便血、血痢，一切病后虚弱消瘦都适宜食用。它的靥（喉管上的肉瘤），在瓦上焙干研末，酒服，治疗喉痹、气瘿，古方多用它，或者用来制药更好，取其引入肺经以通气结罢了，与猪羊靥的治疗没有不同。牛齿烧灰治疗小儿癫痫。牛乳补虚羸，止渴，治疗噎膈反胃，大便干燥者适宜。加入生姜、葱白，停止小儿风热吐乳。牛马肉共生鱼，吃了会形成鳖瘕（腹部肿块）。牛尿治疗水肿，但胃虚食少的人不要用。牛屎烧灰敷小儿痘疮溃烂处。《产宝》治疗子死腹中，用湿牛粪涂抹。牛草绞汁治疗反胃噎膈，取其沾涎多的特性。
[Sheep Horn]
Pronounced "Gu," referring to black sheep.
Salty, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Classic of Materia Medica) states it treats blindness (Qingmang), improves vision, stops palpitations and cold-type diarrhea, and with long-term use, calms the mind, benefits Qi, lightens the body, kills toxic insects, and when burned while entering mountains, wards off evil spirits, tigers, and wild wolves.
Invention: Sheep and antelopes are both wild beasts. [Context implies comparison] The male is particularly fierce; its horns have ridges, resembling those of the antelope, but are black as lacquer. Therefore, sheep horn specifically attacks kidney pathogens and wards off inauspiciousness, with effects largely similar to antelope horn, allowing for mutual reference. The mention of treating blindness and improving vision in the *Bencao Jing* corresponds to the specific efficacy of antelope horn in brightening the eyes. The mention of stopping palpitations corresponds to antelope horn's treatment of demonic sleep (abnormal lethargy). The mention of stopping cold diarrhea corresponds to antelope horn's removal of malignant blood flowing downward. The mention of long-term use calming the mind, benefiting Qi, and lightening the body corresponds to antelope horn's ability to benefit Qi and raise Yin Qi. The mention of killing toxic insects and warding off evil spirits, tigers, and wild wolves corresponds to antelope horn's expulsion of gu poison and inauspicious influences. However, sheep horn treats cold diarrhea due to kidney deficiency failing to secure fluids, whereas antelope horn treats malignant blood flowing downward due to liver injury failing to control blood. Furthermore, the *Bielu* (Supplement to the Classic of Materia Medica) records treating gu poison and hematemesis, which aligns with the indications for antelope horn. In summary, sheep horn specifically remedies the pupil (vision/eye structure), while antelope horn specifically dissolves ocular opacities; these are standard treatments for their respective conditions. As for the claim that burning it wards off evil spirits, tigers, and wild wolves, this is so peculiar and unexpected that it cannot be compared to ordinary substances.
[Cow/Beef]
Sweet, warm in nature, non-toxic.
Consuming it together with pork may cause tapeworms (Cunbai Chong). Only the cow's liver avidly eats snakes; consuming such meat harms humans. If a cow dies naturally in spring, it is particularly dangerous. Consuming beef or beef from cows suffering from carbuncles can induce plague-like symptoms; immediately decoct raw Licorice Root (Gancao) juice to detoxify. If one's hands or feet are injured by the hide of a plague-stricken cow during skinning, it causes abdominal distension; immediate detoxification is required, otherwise it becomes incurable.
Invention: Yellow beef tonifies Qi, with effects similar to Astragalus Root (Huangqi). By observing Danxi's "Douchang Method" treatise and extending the logic, one can understand the spleen-tonifying (Earth-element) capacity of cattle. Additionally, taking five jin (approx. 2.5 kg) of each of the four hooves of yellow beef, simmered into a paste, filtered, and dried like deer glue, is named Xiataian Gao (Rosy Sky Paste). It treats stroke-induced hemiplegia, facial paralysis, phlegm-saliva obstruction, retained phlegm-fluids and masses in the five zang and six fu organs, phlegm nodules in the skin of the hands and feet, and extreme emaciation after severe illness. For every jin of paste, add four liang (approx. 150 g) of Poria (Fuling), melt it, and take three to qian (approx. 9-15 g) on an empty stomach with wine. For obese individuals with much phlegm, add four liang of Pinellia Fermented Pill (Banxia Qu) and two liang of Tangerine Peel (Guangpi) per jin, form into pills, and take; this yields great effect. Cattle belong to Kun Earth, but the Gallbladder governs Wind-Wood; thus, it can calm the liver and brighten the eyes. In the twelfth lunar month, ferment Star Arisaema Rhizome (Nanxing) powder and dry it in the shade; stored for many years, it becomes bitter, moist, and non-drying. It treats wind-phlegm in meridians and pediatric convulsive phlegm, with efficacy not inferior to Calculus Bovis (Niuhuang). Cow bone marrow tonifies the center and fills the marrow; long-term use increases longevity and moistens the skin. Yellow cow brain, combined with herbs, treats cephalalgia and nasal sinusitis (Naolou). Cow horn base (Jiaosai), recorded in the *Bencao Jing*, expels stagnant blood and resolves pain from blood stasis, and treats leukorrhea and metrorrhagia in women; calcined and taken with wine. Li Shizhen stated that calcined powder treats metrorrhagia in women, hematochezia, and bloody dysentery. Cow blood is warm-natured, tonifies various deficiencies of the spleen and stomach, treats hematochezia and bloody dysentasy, and is suitable for all patients recovering from illness who are emaciated. The cow's lung lobe (Ye), dried on tiles and powdered, taken with wine, treats throat obstruction (Houbi) and qi goiter; ancient formulas often used it, or it was better used in herbal preparations, as it guides herbs into the Lung Meridian to resolve Qi stagnation, similar to the therapeutic actions of pig and sheep lung lobes. Calcined cow teeth treat pediatric epilepsy. Cow milk tonifies emaciation, quenches thirst, treats dysphagia and regurgitation, and is suitable for those with dry stools. Added with fresh ginger and scallion white, it stops vomiting of milk in children due to wind-heat. Fish that co-exist with cow or horse meat become Bi Jia (turtle-shaped abdominal mass) if eaten. Cow urine treats edema, but should not be used by those with weak stomachs and poor appetite. Calcined cow dung applied externally treats ulcerated smallpox lesions in children. The *Chanbao* records using wet cow dung applied topically to treat retained dead fetus in the uterus. Juice extracted from cow grass treats regurgitation and dysphagia, utilizing its property of abundant saliva production.