俗名葡萄
甘寒无毒。
《本经》治筋骨湿痹，益气力强志，令人肥健，耐饥，忍风寒，可作酒。
发明 葡萄之性寒滑，食多令人泄泻。丹溪言，东南人食之多病热，西北人食之无恙，
盖能下走渗道，西北人禀气浓，故有《本经》所主之功，无足异也。
甘平无毒。
发明 蔗，脾之果也。其浆甘寒，能泻火热，煎炼成糖则甘温而助湿热也。蔗浆消渴解
酒，自古称之。而孟诜乃为共酒食发痰者，岂不知其有解酒除热之功耶。《日华子》又为砂
糖能解酒毒，则不知既经煎炼便能助酒为热，与蔗子性异矣。即如甘草遇火则热，麻油遇火
则冷，此物性之异，医者当知。近世用以捣汁治痢，服之有效，以其甘寒养胃而清湿热也。
色黑如油者是
甘温无毒。
发明 沙糖性温，能和脾缓肝，故治脾胃及泻肝药，用为先导。今人好吸烟草受其毒者
，用此点汤解之。但性助湿热不可多食。熬焦治产妇败血冲心，及虚羸老弱，血痢不可攻者
最效。
即冰糖也。散白如霜者曰糖霜，与山蜂蜜结石上者不同
甘平无毒。
发明 凝结成块如石者为石蜜，轻白如霜者为糖霜；比紫沙糖稍平，功用虽同，但白入
气分，紫入血分为异。白糖霜亦能解烟草之毒，惟色黄者性热，有湿热者远之。世言糖性湿
热，多食令人齿 生疳。近见患口疳者，细嚼冰糖辄愈，取其达疳以磨湿热凝滞也。又暴得
咳嗽，吐血乍止，以冰糖与燕窝菜同煮连服，取其平补肺胃而无止截之患也。惟胃中有痰湿
者令人欲呕，以其甜腻恋膈故也。
俗名葡萄。
味甘，性寒，无毒。
《神农本草经》记载其治疗筋骨间的湿邪痹阻，补益元气、增强体力、坚定意志，使人身体丰健，耐饥渴，抵御风寒，并可用来酿酒。
【发明】葡萄的性质寒滑，食用过多会导致腹泻。朱丹溪说，东南地区的人吃多了容易患热病，西北地区的人吃则安然无恙，这是因为葡萄能向下渗利水道，西北人禀受的地气浓厚，所以具有《本经》所述的功效，这没有什么奇怪的。
味甘，性平，无毒。
【发明】甘蔗是脾脏的果实。其汁液味甘性寒，能清泻火热，煎炼浓缩成糖后则变为甘温而助长湿热。蔗浆能缓解消渴症和解酒毒，自古以来就被称颂。但孟诜却认为它与酒类食物同食会生痰，这难道不知道它有解酒除热的功效吗？《日华子本草》又说砂糖能解酒毒，这说明他不知道经过煎炼后砂糖便能助酒生热，这与蔗浆的性质已经不同了。就像甘草遇火则变热，麻油遇火则变冷一样，这是物性的差异，医生应当知晓。近代有人用捣碎的蔗汁治疗痢疾，服用有效，是因为其甘寒之性能养胃并清利湿热。
颜色黑如油的是（红糖）。
味甘，性温，无毒。
【发明】沙糖性质温和，能调和脾胃、舒缓肝气，所以在治疗脾胃疾病及泻肝的药物中，常将其作为先导药使用。现在人们喜欢吸烟草而受到其毒性侵害的，用这种糖点汤来解毒。但其性质助长湿热，不可多吃。熬焦后可用于治疗产妇败血冲心，以及身体虚弱消瘦、年老体弱、患有血痢且不宜攻下的患者，效果最好。
即冰糖。散开如霜白的是糖霜，与山蜂蜜凝结在石头上的不同。
味甘，性平，无毒。
【发明】凝结成块状像石头一样的是石蜜，轻白如霜的是糖霜；比起紫沙糖稍微平和一些，功用虽然相同，但白色入气分，紫色入血分，这是它们的区别。白糖霜也能解除烟草的毒性，只有黄色的性质偏热，有湿热者应远离它。世人说糖的性质属湿热，多吃会让人牙齿生病、生疳疮。近来见到患口疳的人，细细咀嚼冰糖往往痊愈，取其能消除疳积、磨化湿热凝滞的作用。又有突然患上咳嗽、吐血刚刚止住的情况，用冰糖与燕窝菜一起煮连服，取其平和补益肺胃而没有截断病势的弊端。只有胃中有痰湿的人吃了会让人想呕吐，因为甜味腻滞阻碍胸膈的缘故。
Commonly known as grape.
Sweet, cold in nature, non-toxic.
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) records its use in treating damp-bi syndrome in the sinews and bones, benefiting qi, strengthening physical power, stabilizing willpower, making the body robust and healthy, resisting hunger, enduring wind and cold, and it can be used to make wine.
[Invention] The nature of grapes is cold and slippery; excessive consumption causes diarrhea. Zhu Danxi stated that people in the Southeast who eat them often suffer from heat diseases, whereas those in the Northwest eat them without ill effect. This is because grapes tend to drain downward through the water passages. People in the Northwest have a dense constitution, thus they possess the efficacy described in the *Bencao Jing*, which is nothing surprising.
Sweet, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Invention] Sugarcane is the fruit of the Spleen. Its juice is sweet and cold, capable of draining fire and heat. When boiled down into sugar, it becomes sweet and warm, thereby assisting damp-heat. Sugarcane juice has been praised since ancient times for relieving xiao-ke (wasting-thirst syndrome) and resolving alcohol intoxication. However, Meng Shen claimed that consuming it with alcohol or food generates phlegm; does he not know its merit in resolving alcohol toxicity and clearing heat? The *Rihua Zi Bencao* further states that brown sugar can resolve alcohol toxicity, indicating ignorance that the boiling process transforms it to assist alcohol in generating heat, differing significantly from the nature of sugarcane juice. Just as Licorice Root (Gancao) becomes hot when exposed to fire, and Sesame Oil becomes cold when exposed to fire, these are differences in material nature, which physicians must understand. In recent times, fresh sugarcane juice has been used to treat dysentery with effective results, due to its sweet-cold nature nourishing the Stomach and clearing damp-heat.
Those black in color like oil are (Brown Sugar).
Sweet, warm in nature, non-toxic.
[Invention] Brown sugar has a warm nature; it harmonizes the Spleen and Stomach and soothes the Liver. Therefore, it is often used as a guiding agent in formulas treating Spleen/Stomach disorders or purging the Liver. Currently, people who smoke tobacco and suffer from its toxicity use this sugar dissolved in water to detoxify. However, its nature assists damp-heat, so it should not be consumed in excess. Charred brown sugar is most effective in treating postpartum blood stasis rushing to the Heart, as well as in cases of emaciation, old age and weakness, and bloody dysentery where purgatives are contraindicated.
This refers to Rock Sugar. Those scattered and white like frost are called Tangshuang (Sugar Frost), which differs from honeystones formed by mountain bee honey on rocks.
Sweet, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Invention] Those condensed into blocks like stone are Shimi (Rock Honey); those light and white like frost are Tangshuang (Sugar Frost). Compared to purple brown sugar, it is slightly milder. Although their functions are similar, the difference lies in that white enters the Qi level, while purple enters the Blood level. White sugar frost can also resolve tobacco toxicity. Only yellow-colored sugar has a hot nature, and those with damp-heat should avoid it. It is said in the world that sugar’s nature is damp-heat, and excessive consumption causes dental caries and gan syndrome (infantile malnutrition/ulcers). Recently, I have observed that patients suffering from oral gan syndrome recover after chewing rock sugar slowly, utilizing its ability to eliminate gan accumulation and grind away stagnant damp-heat. For sudden onset of coughing and hemoptysis that has just stopped, cooking rock sugar with Swallow’s Nest vegetable and taking it continuously is beneficial, as it gently tonifies the Lung and Stomach without the risk of obstructing the pathogenic factor. However, those with phlegm-dampness in the Stomach may feel nauseous after taking it, due to its sweet and cloying nature adhering to the diaphragm.