温小毒。
发明 鹰、鹗、雕骨皆能接骨，以鸷鸟之力在骨，故以骨治骨从其类也。折伤断骨，
烧灰每服二钱酒下，在上食后，在下食前，骨即接如初。但在三日内者易治，三日外则难治
，以气血凝滞不能合辙也。
咸平小毒。
发明 鸱头治头风目眩，颠倒痫疾。《千金》治头风眩转，面上游风，有鸱头酒。《圣
惠》治旋风眩冒有鸱头丸。总取旋风健搏之力。
甘温小毒。
发明 治风痫噎食，取初生无毛者一对，黄泥固济， 存性为末，每服一匙，温酒
服之。头主痘疮黑陷，用腊月者烧灰，酒服之当起。
俗呼猫头鹰
酸微咸小毒。
发明 鸱鸺，不祥之物，古方罕用。近世治传尸劳瘵，专取阴毒之味，以杀阴毒之虫也
。方用鸱鸺酒煮焙干，同大鳗鲡七条摊薄荷上蒸烂，和薯蓣一斤捣焙，细末为丸，空腹酒下
三钱。功用与獭肝仿佛。方士用以昏夜露煮以聚鬼魅，是以至阴之味诱至阴之物也。
大毒。
发明 鸩产蛊毒瘴疠之乡，钟毒最烈，非宿槟榔不能自安，以其无枝，人莫能捕也，人
欲求自尽者，以翅羽调酒服之立毙，与鹤顶之毒无异。《别录》云鸩喙杀蝮蛇毒。时珍言蝮
蛇中人，刮末涂之即愈。如极恶之人有以用之，未尝不解危救急也。
甘平无毒。同驴马肉食之令人霍乱，同羊肝食之令人心闷，与生胡荽同食伤人脐。
发明 猪属水兽，性懒善淫，饱食无所用力，周身脂膏不流，故人食之助湿生痰，莫此
为甚。而肥盛之人尤非所宜。一种蹄甲白者有金水相生之象，稍异寻常。盐渍风干制为南腿
，有补养脾肾之能，病患食之略无妨碍，良非鲜者之比。丹溪云，猪肉补阳，阴虚者切宜少
食。盖肉性入胃，便作湿热生痰，痰生则气不降，而诸证作矣，故痰嗽家最忌。然肺燥干咳
及火嗽痰结者，食之痰即易出，其嗽便止，但不宜过咸耳。当知助湿生痰，惟中间膘脂一层
专助脾湿。若皮则走肺益气，精者补肝益血。但嫌难克化耳，其汁则全是膘脂溶化，食之渗
入经络，故东垣言之颇详。《千金》治打伤青肿，炙精猪肉拓之。小儿火丹，生猪肉切片贴
之。漆疮作痒宜啖猪肉，并以猪脂涂之。男女阴蚀，肥猪肉煮汁洗之，不过三十斤瘥。山行
石蛭着人足则穿肌入肉，但以腊脂膏和盐涂足胫趾即不着人也。《急救方》治竹木刺入肉，
以多年熏肉切片包裹即出。其肾性坚难化且藏淫火，最不益人；而治肾虚腰痛，猪肾切开入
人参末一钱，湿纸裹煨，每日空心嚼一枚，或入青蛾丸中煮食并效。其治水胀，用猪 丸。
便血用脏连丸，皆用以为引药入病处耳。心血治惊风癫痫，盖以心归心，以血导血之意。得
冰片入心经也。卒中恶死尾血灌之，取其动而不息之意，并缚豚枕之即活。蛇入人孔，割母
猪尾血滴入即出。用肝者，肝主藏血，血病用为响导，故脱肛、肝虚、雀目用之。 即三焦
，能涤除肾脏邪毒垢腻，故同胡黄连等药治霉疮最捷。用胆者，取其泻肝胆之火，故仲景白
通汤用为响导。盖寒能胜热，滑能润燥，苦能入心也，伤寒热邪燥结有猪胆导法。又胆汁和
香油等分，亦治霉疮结毒，清晨连服七日，大便下泄邪毒最捷，未尽停七日，更服七日，余
邪自尽屡验。屎脬治产妇伤膀胱，急用上好人参一两入脬中煮食，日日服之，稍或迟延，气
血衰冷不可疗矣。齿治惊痫，乳能断酒，《千金方》用之。其肤者，皮上白膏是也，取其咸
寒入肾，用以调阴散热，故仲景治少阴病，下痢，咽痛，胸满心烦，有猪肤汤。予尝用之，
其效最捷。豚卵治阴茎中痛，惊痫鬼气蛊毒，除寒热，贲豚、五癃、邪气、挛缩，猪蹄煮汤
去油，煎催乳药及醮洗溃疡有效。蹄甲《本经》治五痔，伏热在腹中，肠痈内蚀，今目疾外
障亦用之。猪脑治风眩，脑鸣，冻疮，痈疽，涂纸上贴，干则易之。《礼记》云，食豚去脑
。孙真人《食忌》云，猪脑损男子阳道，酒后尤不可食。《延寿书》云，以盐酒食猪脑是自
引贼也。猪骨烧存性为末，水服方寸匕，治食诸果中毒，又解马肝漏脯等毒。猪毛烧灰，麻
油调涂汤火伤，留窍出毒则无痕。猪屎古方取用颇多，《千金》治患雾气心烦少气，头痛项
急，起则目眩欲倒，战掉不安，憎寒微热，心中欲吐，吐时无物，用新猪屎二升半，内好酒
一斤，搅令散，以生布绞取汁，更以绵滤，顿服之，即地铺暖，覆卧，面前着火，常令汗出
，得汗待其自干乃起，亦治风劳蛊毒。烧灰治痘疮黑陷，无价散用之。又冲沸汤蒸麻疹陷伏
即起。总取秽恶以辟不祥之气，同气相应之用耳。
味温，有小毒。
【发明】鹰、鹗、雕的骨头都能接骨，因为猛禽的力量在于骨骼，所以用骨头治疗骨头是取同类相治的道理。对于折伤断骨，将骨头烧成灰，每次服用二钱，用酒送下。病位在上者饭后服，病位在下者饭前服，骨头即可像原来一样愈合。但受伤在三天内的容易治疗，三天外则难治，因为气血凝滞，不能接续吻合。
味咸，性平，有小毒。
【发明】鸱（猫头鹰类）的头能治疗头风目眩、颠仆痫疾。《千金方》治疗头风眩晕，面部游走性风邪，有鸱头酒。《圣惠方》治疗旋风引起的眩晕昏冒，有鸱头丸。都是取其具有对抗旋风、强健搏击的力量。
味甘，性温，有小毒。
【发明】治疗风痫噎食，取刚出生无毛的一对幼鸟，用黄泥密封固济，煅烧存性后研为细末，每次服用一匙，用温酒送服。其头部主治痘疮黑陷，选用腊月制作的，烧成灰，用酒送服应当能使痘疮起发。
俗称为猫头鹰。
味酸，微咸，有小毒。
【发明】鸱鸺是不祥之物，古方中很少使用。近世治疗传尸劳瘵（肺结核等慢性消耗性疾病），专门取其阴毒之味，以杀灭阴毒之虫。方剂用法是将鸱鸺用酒煮后焙干，同大鳗鲡七条铺在薄荷上蒸烂，加入薯蓣一斤捣碎焙干，研为细末制成丸药，空腹时用酒送服三钱。其功用与獭肝相似。方士用来在深夜露水中和煮以聚集鬼魅，这是利用至阴的味道来引诱至阴的事物。
有大毒。
【发明】鸩鸟产于产生蛊毒和瘴疠的地区，积聚的毒性最猛烈，如果不是长期吃槟榔就不能自我安定，因为它没有树枝栖息，人们无法捕捉它。想要自杀的人，用它的翅膀羽毛调酒服用会立即死亡，与鹤顶红的毒性无异。《名医别录》说鸩的喙能杀死蝮蛇的毒。李时珍说蝮蛇咬伤人，刮取鸩喙粉末涂抹患处即可痊愈。如果极恶之人用它来害人，未曾不能解除危急、挽救紧急病情。
味甘，性平，无毒。同驴肉或马肉一起吃令人患霍乱，同羊肝一起吃令人心胸闷塞，与生胡荽（香菜）一起吃损伤人的肚脐。
【发明】猪属于水兽，性情懒惰且善于淫欲，吃饱后无所用力，周身脂膏不流动，所以人吃了它助湿生痰，没有比这更严重的了。而身体肥胖的人尤其不适合食用。有一种蹄甲白色的，有金水相生的意象，稍微不同于寻常。经过盐渍风干制成南腿（火腿），有补养脾肾的功能，病人食用略微没有妨碍，确实不是新鲜猪肉能比的。朱丹溪说，猪肉补阳，阴虚的人切宜少食。大概肉质进入胃中，就会变成湿热生痰，痰生成则气不下降，各种病症就发作了，所以痰嗽患者最忌讳。然而肺燥干咳及火嗽痰结的人，吃了之后痰就容易咳出，咳嗽就会停止，只是不宜过咸罢了。应当知道助湿生痰，只有中间的膘脂一层专门助长脾湿。如果是皮，则走肺经益气，精好的部分补肝益血。只是担心难以消化而已，其汁液全是膘脂溶化，食用后渗入经络，所以李东垣对此论述颇详。《千金方》治疗打伤青肿，炙烤精猪肉敷贴。小儿火丹，生猪肉切片贴敷。漆疮作痒适宜吃猪肉，并用猪脂涂抹。男女阴部蚀烂，用肥猪肉煮汁清洗，不过三十斤就能痊愈。山行时被石蛭附着脚部则会穿肌入肉，只要用腊月猪脂膏混合盐涂抹足胫趾即可不被附着。《急救方》治疗竹木刺入肉中，用多年的熏肉切片包裹即可取出。猪肾性质坚硬难消化且藏有淫火，最不利于人；但治疗肾虚腰痛，可将猪肾切开放入人参末一钱，用湿纸包裹煨熟，每天空腹嚼食一枚，或者放入青蛾丸中煮食都有效。治疗水胀，用猪[肾]丸。便血用脏连丸，都是用它作为引药入病处的媒介。心血治疗惊风癫痫，大概是“以心归心，以血导血”的意思。得到冰片可以入心经。卒中恶死，用尾血灌入，取其动而不息的意思，并缚小猪枕于头下即可复活。蛇进入人体孔窍，割母猪尾血滴入即可出来。用猪肝，是因为肝主藏血，血病用作向导，所以脱肛、肝虚、雀目（夜盲症）使用它。猪[三焦/膜]即三焦，能涤除肾脏的邪毒垢腻，所以同胡黄连等药治疗霉疮最快。用猪胆，是取其泻肝胆之火，所以张仲景白通汤用它作为向导。大概寒能胜热，滑能润燥，苦能入心，伤寒热邪燥结有猪胆导法。另外胆汁和香油各半，也治疗霉疮结毒，清晨连续服用七日，大便泄出邪毒最快，未尽停七日，再服七日，余邪自然尽除，屡试屡验。猪膀胱治疗产妇损伤膀胱，急用上好人参一两放入膀胱中煮食，天天服用，稍加迟延，气血衰冷就无法治疗了。猪齿治疗惊痫，乳汁能断酒，《千金方》使用它。猪肤，是皮上的白膏，取其咸寒入肾，用以调和阴气散热，所以张仲景治疗少阴病，下痢，咽痛，胸满心烦，有猪肤汤。我曾经使用它，效果最快。猪睾丸治疗阴茎中痛，惊痫鬼气蛊毒，除寒热，奔豚、五癃、邪气、挛缩，猪蹄煮汤去油，煎煮催乳药及蘸洗溃疡有效。猪蹄甲，《本经》治疗五痔，腹中伏热，肠痈内蚀，现在眼疾外障也使用它。猪脑治疗风眩，脑鸣，冻疮，痈疽，涂在纸上贴敷，干了就更换。《礼记》说，吃豚要去掉脑髓。孙思邈《食忌》说，猪脑损害男子阳道，酒后尤其不可吃。《延寿书》说，用盐酒吃猪脑是自引贼寇。猪骨烧存性研为末，用水送服一方寸匕，治疗吃各种水果中毒，又解马肝漏脯等毒。猪毛烧成灰，用麻油调涂烫伤火伤，留出窍口排出毒素则不留疤痕。猪屎古方取用很多，《千金方》治疗患雾气心烦少气，头痛项急，起来则目眩欲倒，战栗不安，憎寒微热，心中想吐，吐时无物，用新猪屎二升半，放入好酒一斤，搅散，用生布绞取汁液，再用绵过滤，一次性服下，随即在地上铺暖，覆盖卧倒，面前点火，常令出汗，得汗等待其自然干后再起身，也治疗风劳蛊毒。烧成灰治疗痘疮黑陷，无价散中使用它。又冲沸汤蒸麻疹陷伏即起。都是取其秽恶之气以辟除不祥之气，同气相应的用处罢了。
Taste: Warm, slightly toxic.
[Invention] The bones of eagles, ospreys, and vultures can all set broken bones. Since the power of these raptors lies in their bones, using bone to treat bone follows the principle of treating like with like. For fractures and dislocations, burn the bones to ash, take two qian per dose, and swallow with wine. If the injury is in the upper body, take after meals; if in the lower body, take before meals. The bones will heal as before. However, injuries within three days are easy to treat, while those beyond three days are difficult because qi and blood stagnation prevents proper alignment and union.
Taste: Salty, nature: Neutral, slightly toxic.
[Invention] The head of the owl (Chi) treats wind-stroke affecting the head, dizziness, and convulsive epilepsy. *Qianjin Fang* treats wind-stroke causing vertigo and wandering wind on the face with Owl Head Wine. *Shenghui Fang* treats dizziness and fainting caused by whirlwinds with Owl Head Pills. These preparations generally utilize the owl's strength against whirlwinds and its vigorous striking power.
Taste: Sweet, nature: Warm, slightly toxic.
[Invention] To treat wind-epilepsy and dysphagia, take a pair of newborn, featherless owlets. Seal them firmly with yellow clay, calcine until the original nature remains, and grind into powder. Take one spoonful per dose, swallowed with warm wine. The head is used to treat blackened, depressed smallpox lesions; use those prepared in the twelfth lunar month, burn to ash, and swallow with wine to promote lesion elevation.
Commonly known as the Barn Owl.
Taste: Sour, slightly salty, slightly toxic.
[Invention] The Scops Owl (Chixiu) is considered an inausicious creature and is rarely used in ancient formulas. In recent times, it has been used specifically for treating "Transmitting Corpse" tuberculosis (chronic consumptive diseases), utilizing its yin-toxic flavor to kill yin-toxic parasites. The formula involves boiling the Scops Owl in wine, drying it by baking, steaming it thoroughly with seven large eels spread over mint leaves, mixing with one jin of dried and pounded Dioscorea (Shuyu), grinding into fine powder, and forming pills. Take three qian on an empty stomach with wine. Its efficacy is similar to that of Hyracoidea Liver (Ta Gan). Alchemists use it to boil in night dew to gather ghosts and spirits, employing the most yin-flavored substance to attract yin entities.
Highly toxic.
[Invention] The Vulturebird (Zhen) is born in regions prone to gu poison and miasma, accumulating the most fierce toxins. It cannot settle without consuming Areca Nut (Binglang) regularly, as it lacks branches to perch on, making it hard for humans to catch. Individuals seeking suicide may mix its wing feathers into wine and drink it, resulting in immediate death, comparable to the toxicity of Red Crane Crest (He Ding Hong). *Bencao Bie Lu* states that the beak of the Zhen kills pit viper venom. Li Shizhen noted that for pit viper bites, scraping the Zhen beak into powder and applying it externally cures the wound. Even if used maliciously by wicked individuals, it has not failed to resolve critical emergencies and save lives.
Taste: Sweet, nature: Neutral, non-toxic. Eating it with donkey or horse meat causes cholera-like diarrhea; eating it with sheep liver causes chest oppression; eating it with fresh Coriander (Husui) damages the navel.
[Invention] Pigs are water-dwelling animals, lazy and lustful in nature. After full meals, they exert no effort, causing their body fat to stagnate. Therefore, human consumption promotes dampness and generates phlegm more than any other food. This is especially unsuitable for obese individuals. A variety with white hooves symbolizes the mutual generation of Metal and Water, differing slightly from the ordinary. Salted and air-dried into Southern Ham (Nan Tui), it possesses the ability to tonify the Spleen and Kidney. Patients can consume it with little hindrance, which is certainly not comparable to fresh pork. Zhu Danxi stated that pork tonifies Yang; those with Yin deficiency should strictly limit intake. Generally, meat enters the Stomach and transforms into damp-heat and phlegm. Once phlegm forms, Qi fails to descend, triggering various syndromes; thus, it is taboo for patients with phlegm-cough. However, for those with Lung dryness causing dry cough or fire-phlegm accumulation, consuming pork facilitates expectoration and stops coughing, provided it is not overly salty. One must understand that only the middle layer of subcutaneous fat specifically aids Spleen dampness. The skin enters the Lung meridian to benefit Qi, and the essence benefits the Liver and nourishes Blood, though it is difficult to digest. Its juice consists entirely of melted fat, penetrating the collaterals upon ingestion, which Dong Yuan discussed in detail. *Qianjin Fang* treats bruising and swelling from trauma by applying roasted lean pork. For pediatric erysipelas (fire dan), apply raw pork slices. For itching caused by lacquer allergy, eat pork and apply pig lard externally. For genital erosion in men and women, wash with broth boiled from fatty pork; thirty jin is sufficient for cure. When stone leeches attach to feet during mountain travel and penetrate flesh, applying腊月 (twelfth-month) pig lard mixed with salt to the shins and toes prevents attachment. *Ji Jiu Fang* treats bamboo or wood splinters embedded in flesh by wrapping the area with slices of aged smoked meat, which extracts the splinter. Pig kidneys are hard to digest and store "lustful fire," being least beneficial to humans; however, to treat Kidney deficiency lumbar pain, cut open the kidney, insert one qian of Ginseng powder, wrap in wet paper, and simmer. Chew one piece daily on an empty stomach, or cook in Qing'e Wan, both are effective. For treating ascites, use Pig [Kidney] Pills. For hematochezia, use Zanglian Wan; in both cases, the organ acts as a guide to direct medicine to the disease site. Pig heart treats convulsive epilepsy and manic disorders, based on the principle of "Heart returning to Heart, blood guiding blood." Adding Borneol allows entry into the Heart meridian. For sudden collapse due to evil qi,灌 (pour) tail blood, leveraging its continuous movement, and bind a piglet pillow under the head to restore life. If a snake enters a bodily orifice, drip mother pig tail blood to expel it. Pig liver is used because the Liver stores blood; for blood disorders, it serves as a guide. Thus, it is used for rectal prolapse, Liver deficiency, and nyctalopia (bird's eye blindness). The pig's [Sanjiao/membrane] corresponds to the Sanjiao, capable of cleansing renal toxins and grease, making it highly effective combined with Picrorhiza (Huanglian) for treating syphilis-like sores. Pig gallbladder is used to drain Liver and Gallbladder fire; thus, Zhang Zhongjing's Baitong Decoction uses it as a guide. Cold conquers heat, slipperiness moistens dryness, and bitterness enters the Heart. For Shaoyang syndrome with heat-pathogen dryness and constipation, there is a Pig Gallbladder Guiding Method. Additionally, equal parts gallbladder bile and sesame oil treat syphilitic condyloma; taken continuously for seven mornings, it rapidly expels pathogens via stool. If unresolved, continue for another seven days until residual pathogens are exhausted, a method verified repeatedly. Pig bladder treats maternal bladder injury from childbirth; urgently place one liang of high-quality Ren Shen inside the bladder, boil, and eat daily. Delay leads to qi and blood decline and coldness, rendering it incurable. Pig teeth treat convulsions and epilepsy; milk can curb alcoholism, used in *Qianjin Fang*. Pig skin refers to the white fat on the skin, utilizing its salty-cold nature entering the Kidney to harmonize Yin and dissipate heat. Thus, Zhang Zhongjing’s Zhufu Tang treats Shaoyin syndrome with dysentery, sore throat, chest fullness, and irritability. I have used it with rapid efficacy. Pig testicles treat penile pain, convulsions, ghost qi, gu poison, chills and fever, running piglet syndrome, five stranguries, pathogenic qi, and spasms. Boil trotters, remove oil, and decoct galactagogues or soak ulcers for effectiveness. Pig trotter nails, according to *Ben Jing*, treat five types of hemorrhoids, latent heat in the abdomen, and internal erosion from intestinal abscesses; currently also used for external eye diseases. Pig brain treats wind-vertigo, tinnitus, frostbite, carbuncles, and ulcers; apply on paper and patch, changing when dry. *Book of Rites* states to remove the brain when eating piglets. Sun Simiao’s *Dietary Taboos* warns that pig brain damages male sexual potency, especially after drinking. *Yanshu* states that eating pig brain with salt and wine is inviting thieves. Burn pig bones until charred but retaining nature, grind to powder, and take one fangcun bi with water to treat poisoning from various fruits, and to counteract poisons from horse liver and spoiled meat. Burn pig hair to ash, mix with sesame oil, and apply to burns/scalds, leaving pores open to expel toxins without scarring. Pig feces were frequently used in ancient formulas. *Qianjin Fang* treats symptoms resembling misty fog: vexation, shortness of breath, headache, neck stiffness, dizziness upon standing, trembling, aversion to cold, slight fever, nausea without vomiting. Use 2.5 sheng of fresh pig feces, mix with one jin of good wine, strain through raw cloth and cotton, and take in one dose. Lie on a warm mat, cover, keep a fire nearby to induce sweating. Rise only after sweat dries naturally. Also treats wind-labor and gu poison. Ash treats blackened smallpox lesions, used in Wuji San. Steeping in boiling water treats sunken measles, promoting eruption. The general principle is using foul substances to repel inauspicious qi, relying on the resonance of similar energies.