即广胶
甘平无毒。
发明 明胶治吐血、衄血、下血、血淋、血痢，妊娠胎动下血、风湿走注疼痛，打扑伤
、汤火伤，一切痈疽肿毒，活血止痛润燥，利大小肠，皆取其有滋益之功，无滑利之患。
苦平小毒。试真假法，揩摩透甲，其体轻气香，置舌上先苦后甘，清凉透心者为
真。喝迫而得者名生神黄，圆滑，外有血丝，嫩黄层多者为上；杀后取者，其形虽圆，下面
必扁者次之；在角中者名角黄，心中剥得者名心黄，胆中得之名胆黄，则又次之。产西戎者
为西黄，产广东者为广黄。
《本经》主惊痫寒热，热盛狂痉，除邪逐鬼。
发明 牛有黄是牛之病也。因其病之在心及肝胆之间凝结成黄，故还治心及肝胆之病。
《本经》治惊痫寒热狂痉邪鬼，皆痰热所致。其功长于清心化热，利痰凉惊，安神辟恶，故
清心牛黄丸以之为君。其风中心脏者亦必用之，若中经中府者误用引邪深入，如油入面莫之
能出，宜详审而用可也。
甘苦温小毒。状如白石微带青色，击碎其理如虫，白腊者真。
发明 狗宝专治噎膈反胃之病，取苦能下降，温能开结也。予尝推展其用。凡痈疽溃疡
不收，癫狂冷痰积结无不可用。惟郁结伤脾，气血枯槁者，误投则有负薪救火之厄。
辛温有毒，色微黑者真。
发明 狮为百兽之长，性最难驯，一吼则百兽辟易。《尔雅》言其食虎豹熊。太古言，
其乳入牛羊马乳中皆化成水。西域人捕得取其油入贡，以供宫人涤除衣垢之用。又能去纸上
墨迹，刮少许隔纸熨之即脱。予尝试用，垢虽去而衣易毁、纸易脆，仅供一时之用。虽系方
物，方药罕用。近世医师以之治噎膈病。盖噎膈皆郁痰瘀积所致，用取涤垢之意，试之辄验
。由是方家争为奇物，但性最猛利，力能堕胎，孕妇忌用。象油亦能去垢涤痰，但不能去墨
迹耳。
即广胶。
味甘，性平，无毒。
【发明】明胶能治疗吐血、鼻衄（鼻出血）、便血、血淋（小便带血）、血痢，以及妊娠期间胎动不安导致的下血；还能治疗风湿引起的游走性疼痛，跌打损伤，烫伤和火烧伤，以及所有的痈疽肿毒。它能活血止痛、润燥，通利大小肠，这些都是因为它具有滋补益处的功效，而没有滑利肠道导致腹泻的弊端。
味苦，性平，有小毒。鉴别真假的方法：用手摩擦至指甲透亮，其体质轻、气味香，放在舌上先感觉苦而后回甘，清凉感透入心胸的是真品。通过逼迫牛体获取的称为“生神黄”，形状圆滑，外表带有血丝，嫩黄色层多的是上品；宰杀后取出的，虽然形状圆润，但底部必定扁平，品质次之；在牛角中取得的称为“角黄”，从牛心中剥取的称为“心黄”，从牛胆中取得的称为“胆黄”，这些品质又更次一等。产自西域的称为“西黄”，产自广东的称为“广黄”。
《神农本草经》记载其主治惊痫（惊恐引发的癫痫）、寒热往来、热盛引起的狂躁痉挛，能驱除邪气、驱逐鬼魅。
【发明】牛黄是牛的病理产物。因为病邪在心及肝胆之间凝结形成牛黄，所以它反过来能治疗心和肝胆的疾病。《神农本草经》记载其治疗惊痫、寒热、狂躁痉挛及邪祟，这些病症都是由痰热引起的。牛黄的功效长于清心火、化热邪，祛痰、凉肝以定惊，安神并辟除恶气，因此“清心牛黄丸”以它作为主药。如果是风邪直中心脏，也必然要用到它；但如果风邪只是中于经络或脏腑（非心脏本体），误用则会引邪深入，就像油渗入面粉一样无法分离，使用时应当仔细审察。
味甘、苦，性温，有小毒。形状像白色的石头，微微带青色，击碎后纹理像虫纹，质地如白蜡的是真品。
【发明】狗宝专门治疗噎膈（吞咽困难）和反胃的疾病，取其苦味能降泄，温性能开散结滞的作用。我曾推演扩展它的用途。凡是痈疽溃烂后伤口不愈合，或者癫狂、冷痰积结等症，没有不能使用的。唯独对于因郁结损伤脾胃，导致气血枯竭的患者，如果误用则有“负薪救火”（越治越严重）的危害。
味辛，性温，有毒，颜色微黑的是真品。
【发明】狮子是百兽之王，性情最难驯服，一声吼叫则百兽退避。《尔雅》说它吃虎、豹、熊。太古时期的言论说，它的乳汁混入牛、羊、马的乳汁中都会化成水。西域人捕获狮子后提取其油脂进贡，供宫中人员洗涤衣物污垢使用。它又能去除纸上的墨迹，刮取少许隔在纸上熨烫，墨迹即刻脱落。我曾尝试使用，污垢虽然去除了，但衣服容易毁坏，纸张容易变脆，只适合临时使用。虽然它是地方特产，但在方药中很少使用。近代医师用它来治疗噎膈病。大概噎膈都是由郁结、痰浊、瘀血积滞所致，用它取其涤除污垢之意，试用往往有效。因此医家争相将其视为奇物，但它药性最猛烈，力量足以导致堕胎，孕妇忌用。象油也能去垢涤痰，但不能去除墨迹罢了。
Guang Jiao (Calf-skin Glue from Guangdong).
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Invention/Commentary] Ming Jiao (Clarified Calf-skin Glue) treats hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), hematochezia (blood in stool), bloody strangury (dysuria with blood), and bloody dysentery. It also treats lower bleeding caused by fetal restlessness during pregnancy, pain from wind-dampness wandering through the channels, traumatic injuries, scalds, burns, and all types of carbuncles, sores, swelling, and toxins. It invigorates blood, relieves pain, moistens dryness, and promotes the free flow of the large and small intestines. These effects are attributed to its nourishing and benefiting properties without the adverse effect of causing slippery diarrhea.
Bitter, neutral, slightly toxic. Method for testing authenticity: rub until the nail shines; if the substance is light in weight, fragrant in odor, tastes bitter first then sweet on the tongue, and produces a cooling sensation penetrating the heart, it is genuine. Obtained by forcing the cow is called "Sheng Shen Huang" (Raw Divine Yellow); those that are round and smooth, with blood streaks on the exterior and many layers of tender yellow, are of superior quality. Those obtained after slaughter are round but flat at the base, which is inferior. Those found in the horn are called "Jiao Huang" (Horn Yellow); those peeled from the heart are called "Xin Huang" (Heart Yellow); those obtained from the gallbladder are called "Dan Huang" (Gallbladder Yellow), which are of even lower quality. Those produced in Western Regions are called "Xi Huang" (Western Yellow); those produced in Guangdong are called "Guang Huang" (Guangdong Yellow).
The *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states it governs fright-epilepsy, alternating cold and heat, mania and spasms due to excessive heat, and expelling evil spirits.
[Invention/Commentary] Niu Huang (Calculus Bovis) is a pathological product of the cow. Because the pathogenic factor condenses into calculus between the Heart and Liver/Gallbladder, it consequently treats diseases of the Heart and Liver/Gallbladder. The conditions treated by the *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing*, such as fright-epilepsy, alternating cold and heat, mania, spasms, and evil spirits, are all caused by phlegm-heat. Its efficacy lies primarily in clearing the Heart, resolving heat, draining phlegm, cooling the Liver to calm fright, calming the spirit, and warding off malignancy. Therefore, Qing Xin Niu Huang Wan (Clear the Heart Calculus Bovis Pill) uses it as the sovereign herb. If wind-pathogen directly strikes the Heart, it must be used; however, if the wind-pathogen only affects the meridians or viscera (excluding the Heart proper), misuse will draw the pathogen deeper inward, like oil penetrating flour, making it inseparable. Thus, careful examination is required before use.
Sweet and bitter, warm, slightly toxic. Resembles white stone with a slight greenish tint; when shattered, the texture resembles insect trails, and if it looks like white wax, it is genuine.
[Invention/Commentary] Gou Bao (Dog Gallstone) specifically treats yige (dysphagia/regurgitation) and fanwei (regurgitation of undigested food). It utilizes the descending property of bitterness and the resolving property of warmth. I have extended its applications. It can be used for any case where carbuncles and ulcers fail to heal, or for mania and accumulation of cold-phlegm. However, for patients suffering from spleen injury due to constraint and with withered qi and blood, misuse will lead to disaster akin to carrying firewood to extinguish a fire.
Pungent, warm, toxic. Genuine ones are slightly black in color.
[Invention/Commentary] The lion is the king of beasts, with a nature most difficult to tame; one roar causes all other beasts to retreat. The *Erya* states it eats tigers, leopards, and bears. Ancient texts claim its milk turns water-like when mixed with the milk of cattle, sheep, or horses. People from the Western Regions capture lions, extract their oil for tribute, used by palace maids to wash stains from clothes. It can also remove ink marks from paper; scraping a small amount, placing it over the paper, and ironing it removes the ink immediately. I have tried using it; although dirt is removed, clothes are easily damaged, and paper becomes brittle, so it is only suitable for temporary use. Although it is a local specialty, it is rarely used in prescriptions. In recent times, physicians use it to treat yige (dysphagia). This is likely because yige is caused by constrained phlegm and blood stasis accumulation; using it aims to cleanse these deposits, and trials often show efficacy. Consequently, practitioners compete to regard it as a rare wonder. However, its nature is extremely fierce and potent, capable of inducing abortion, so pregnant women must avoid it. Elephant oil can also remove dirt and resolve phlegm, but it cannot remove ink marks.