（别录下品）
【气味】咸寒，无毒。
【主治】主寒热，头痛，温气。童男者尤良。
【核】曰∶择无病洁净童子，先饮米饮数碗，去其浊秽，俟清白无臭者取用之。自溺亦
可
【 】曰∶饮入于胃，游溢精气，上输于脾；脾气散精，上归于肺；通调水道，下输膀
胱。膀胱者，州都之官，津液藏焉，气化则能出矣。固属遗物，仍可本其所自有，益其所自
无也。必择阴平阳秘之童，乃得必清必静，不则难转清凉地，反作热脑场矣。
（别录下品）
【气味】酸温，无毒。
【主治】主湿痹香港脚，霍乱大吐下，转筋不止。
【核】曰∶木瓜处处有之，西雒者最胜，宣城者亦佳，山阴兰亭尤多也。可种可接可就，
亦可枝压，木类之易生者。状似奈而材极坚。广志云∶枝一尺有百二十节，可为数号。叶浓
而光，春末开花深红色。入夏缀实，如小瓜而有鼻，乃花脱处，非脐蒂也。黄赤薄皮，如着
脂粉，香松津润，甘酸不涩。实中之子，向里头锐而面方者，木瓜也。形圆而小，味木酸涩
者，木桃也。大于木桃，似木瓜而无鼻，蒂粗味苦涩者木李，亦曰木梨，即 楂及和圆子也
。一种颗小微长，味极涩者曰蔓子。一种实中之子如大麻，味绝苦涩者曰土伏子，饵之令人
目赤筋痛，不可不辨。故宣城人种莳尤谨，始成实时，剪镞纸花粘贴其上，霜后摘取，花纹
如生，以充土贡，因有花木瓜之称焉。修事，勿犯铁器，铜刀削去硬皮并子，切片晒干，黄
牛乳汁拌蒸，从巳至未，俟如膏煎，乃晒用也。今唯切片晒干，力少味不全矣。按大明会典，
宣城岁贡乌烂虫蛀木瓜，入御药局。或取其陈久无木气耳。
缪仲淳先生云∶木瓜得春生之气，禀曲直之化，味酸气温，气薄味浓。降多于升，阳中
之阴
先人云∶木实曰果，草实曰 ，木瓜类 ，禀草木之全气者也。性专甲拆，而真气从之，
故
【 】曰∶木瓜，果 也。缀本之瓜曰 。 ，小瓜也。释木云∶叶似奈，实似 ，其
枝可数，一尺百二十节，味酢，善疗筋转。陶隐居云∶如转筋时，但呼木瓜名，或指画作木
瓜字，病辄愈。尔雅翼云∶枝坚可作杖策，颇利筋膝，根茎煎汤淋足胫，可以已蹶。盖望说
酢梅而蠲渴，呼濯木瓜而缓筋，理固有相感，则心之所向，气即交通矣。如磁运铁，珀拾芥，
虽凌空物障，犹互为嘘 ，况无情及诸有情者乎。经云∶东方生风，风生木；木生酸，酸生
肝，肝生筋也。木瓜枝节比筋，酸津肝木，达春升之自下而上。行痹闭，下香港脚，定霍乱，
止筋转，为象形从治法也。系云艮为山，为果 ，其于木也，为坚多节。
（尔雅名 。郭璞云∶木实如小瓜，酢而可食。得木气之正者，故名 。从林从矛，谐
声也。继本之瓜，亦曰瓞。尔雅云∶其绍瓞。郭璞云∶继本曰绍，形小曰瓞，亦曰 。故近
本之瓜尝小，近末之瓜转大也。）
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【气味】味咸，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗寒热往来、头痛、温气病。童男童尿的效果尤其好。
【考证】曰：选择没有疾病且洁净的童子，先让其喝几碗米汤，以排出体内的浊秽之物，等到尿液清澈且无臭味时再取用。自己排尿也可以。
【 】曰：水饮进入胃中，精气游溢散布，向上输送到脾；脾气散精，向上归于肺；通调水道，向下输送到膀胱。膀胱是州都之官，津液藏存于此，经过气化作用才能排出。虽然这属于排泄物，但仍可追溯其本源，补充人体所缺乏的部分。必须选择阴阳平和、身体秘固的童子，才能得到必定清澈宁静的尿液，否则难以转化为清凉之地，反而会成为发热的大脑场所。
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【气味】味酸，性温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗湿痹、脚气、霍乱剧烈吐泻、转筋不止。
【考证】曰：木瓜各地都有，西洛产的最为优良，宣城产的也很好，山阴兰亭出产的尤其多。可以种植、嫁接、靠近地面栽培，也可以用枝条压条繁殖，是木类中容易生长的品种。形状像奈果但木材极其坚硬。《广志》记载：枝条一尺长有一百二十个节，可以用来计算数目。叶子浓密而有光泽，春末开出深红色的花。入夏结出果实，像小瓜一样且有鼻状突起，那是花脱落的地方，不是脐蒂。果皮黄赤色且薄，像涂了脂粉，香气松润，味甘酸而不涩。果实中的种子，朝向内部尖端而表面方正的是木瓜。形状圆而小，味道木质酸涩的是木桃。比木桃大，像木瓜但没有鼻状突起，蒂粗味道苦涩的是木李，也叫木梨，就是楂子和和圆子。一种颗粒微小细长，味道极涩的叫蔓子。一种果实中的种子像大麻，味道极度苦涩的叫土伏子，食用后会导致眼睛红痛、筋脉疼痛，不可不辨别。所以宣城人种植特别谨慎，刚开始结果时，剪成箭镞形状的纸花粘贴在上面，霜降后采摘，花纹栩栩如生，用来作为地方特产进贡，因此有“花木瓜”的称号。炮制加工时，不要接触铁器，用铜刀削去硬皮并去掉种子，切片晒干，用黄牛乳汁拌匀蒸制，从巳时到未时，等到像膏状煎剂一样，再晒干使用。现在只是切片晒干，药效减弱，味道也不全了。据《大明会典》记载，宣城每年进贡乌烂虫蛀的木瓜，进入御药局。或许是取其陈久没有木气吧。
缪仲淳先生说：木瓜得春生之气，禀受曲直之化，味酸性温，气薄味浓。降多于升，属于阳中之阴。
先人说：树木的果实叫果，草本植物的果实叫 ，木瓜类同于 ，禀受了草木的完整之气。性质专门针对甲壳开裂，真气随之而来，所以
【 】曰：木瓜，是 类的果实。连在根部的瓜叫 。 ，是小瓜。《释木》说：叶子像奈果，果实像 ，它的枝条可以计数，一尺一百二十个节，味道酸，善于治疗筋脉拘挛。陶隐居说：当发生转筋时，只要呼喊木瓜的名字，或者画一个木瓜字，病就会痊愈。《尔雅翼》说：枝条坚硬可以做手杖，颇利于筋膝，根茎煎汤淋洗小腿，可以治愈厥逆。大概是望梅止渴，呼喊濯洗木瓜就能缓解筋脉拘挛，道理本来就有相互感应，那么心之所向，气就交通了。就像磁石吸引铁，琥珀吸附草芥，虽然是凌空物体阻隔，尚且互相呼吸引发感应，何况无情之物及各类有情众生呢？《内经》说：东方生风，风生木；木生酸，酸生肝，肝生筋。木瓜的枝节比拟筋脉，酸味入肝木，通达春天升发之气自下而上。治疗行痹闭塞，下行脚气，平定霍乱，停止筋脉拘挛，这是象形从治法。《易经》说：艮卦代表山，代表果 ，对于树木来说，是坚硬多节。
（《尔雅》名为 。郭璞说：树木果实像小瓜，酸而可食。得木气纯正的，所以叫 。从林从矛，是谐声字。连接本根的瓜，也叫瓞。《尔雅》说：其绍瓞。郭璞说：连接本根叫绍，形状小叫瓞，也叫 。所以靠近根部的瓜常常小，靠近末端的瓜反而大。）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bencao Mingyi Bie Lu*)
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats alternating chills and fever, headache, and warm qi disorders. Urine from a healthy young boy is particularly effective.
[Examination] It is said: Select a healthy and clean young boy, have him drink several bowls of rice water first to expel turbid impurities, wait until the urine is clear and odorless before collecting it. Self-urination is also acceptable.
[ ] It is said: When fluids enter the stomach, their essence floats and overflows, moving upward to transport to the Spleen; the Spleen's Qi scatters the essence, sending it upward to return to the Lung; it regulates the water passages, transporting downward to the Bladder. The Bladder is the official of the provincial capital, where body fluids are stored; only through Qi transformation can they be excreted. Although it belongs to waste products, it can still trace back to its original source, benefiting what is naturally lacking. One must select a young boy with balanced Yin and well-preserved Yang to obtain urine that is definitely clear and tranquil; otherwise, it will fail to transform into a cool ground, but instead become a hot brain field.
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bencao Mingyi Bie Lu*)
[Flavor and Nature] Sour, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats damp-bi (dampness obstruction), hongjiao (foot disease/beriberi), severe vomiting and diarrhea from Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome), and unceasing muscle cramps (zhuanjin).
[Examination] It is said: Papaya (*Chaenomelis Fructus*) grows everywhere, those from Xiluo are the best, those from Xuancheng are also good, and those from Lanting in Shanyin are particularly abundant. They can be planted, grafted, layered, or propagated by branch pressing; they are among the easiest woody plants to grow. Their shape resembles *nai* fruit, but the wood is extremely hard. *Guangzhi* states: "A one-foot branch has one hundred and twenty nodes, which can be used for counting." The leaves are dense and glossy, blooming deep red at the end of spring. In summer, fruits hang like small melons with a nose-like protrusion, which is the flower scar, not the navel or stem attachment. The skin is yellow-red and thin, resembling applied powder, fragrant, loose, moist, sweet and sour without astringency. The seeds inside the fruit, pointing inward with a sharp tip and square face, are papaya (*Chaenomelis Fructus*). Those that are round and small, with a woody, sour, and astringent taste, are *mutao*. Larger than *mutao*, resembling papaya but without a nose, with a thick stem, bitter and astringent taste are *muli*, also called *mulí* or *he yuanzi*. A variety with tiny, slightly elongated capsules and extremely astringent taste is called *manzi*. Another variety with seeds like hemp in the fruit and extremely bitter and astringent taste is called *tufu zi*; consuming it causes red eyes and tendon pain, so it must not be confused. Therefore, people in Xuancheng plant it very carefully. When the fruit just forms, they cut arrowhead-shaped paper flowers and paste them on top. After frost, they harvest them; the patterns look alive, used as local tribute, hence the name "flower papaya". Processing: Do not use iron tools. Use a copper knife to peel off the hard skin and remove seeds, slice and dry. Mix with cow's milk juice, steam from Si hour to Wei hour, until it resembles a paste decoction, then dry and use. Now, merely slicing and drying reduces potency and incompletes flavor. According to *Da Ming Huidian*, Xuancheng annually tributes blackened, worm-eaten papaya to the Imperial Pharmacy. Perhaps this is to take advantage of its aged state lacking fresh woody Qi.
Mr. Miu Zhongchun said: Papaya receives the Qi of spring generation, embodies the transformation of bending and straightening (Wood element), has a sour flavor and warm nature, thin Qi and strong flavor. Descending exceeds ascending, belonging to Yin within Yang.
My ancestors said: Fruit from trees is called *guo*, fruit from herbs is called , papaya belongs to , embodying the complete Qi of both trees and herbs. Its nature specifically targets cracking shells, and true Qi follows it, therefore
[ ] It is said: Papaya is a type of fruit. The melon attached to the root is called . , a small melon. *Shimu* says: "Leaves resemble *nai*, fruit resembles , its branches can be counted, one foot has one hundred and twenty nodes, sour taste, good for treating tendon twisting." Tao Hongjing said: "When suffering from tendon twisting, simply calling the name 'papaya' or drawing the character 'papaya' cures the illness." *Erya Yi* says: "Branches are hard enough to make walking sticks, beneficial for tendons and knees; boiling roots and stems to wash feet/shins can cure jue (cold extremities)." This is akin to thinking of plums to quench thirst, or calling out while washing with papaya to relax tendons; the principle indeed involves mutual resonance, so where the mind directs, Qi communicates. Like magnetism attracting iron, or amber picking up mustard seeds, even if separated by empty space, they still mutually exhale and attract; how much more so for inanimate objects and all sentient beings? The Classic says: "The East generates Wind, Wind generates Wood; Wood generates Sour, Sour generates Liver, Liver generates Tendons." Papaya's nodes compare to tendons; sour flavor enters Liver Wood, reaching the spring rising Qi from below upward. It treats bi-obstruction, descends hongjiao, settles Huoluan, stops tendon twisting; this is the method of treatment based on form and correspondence. The *Yijing* says: Gen represents Mountain, represents fruit ; regarding wood, it is hard and knotty.
(*Erya* names it . Guo Pu says: "Tree fruit like a small melon, sour and edible. Receiving the correct Qi of Wood, thus named . Composed of Lin and Mao, phonetic compound. The melon continuing from the root is also called die. *Erya* says: 'Its continuation is die.' Guo Pu says: 'Continuing from root is shao, shape small is die, also called .' Thus melons near the root are often small, while those near the end become larger.)