（本经上品）
【气味】甘平，无毒。
【主治】主惊悸，益气，除风湿痹，安五脏。久服令人肥泽美色，耳目聪明，不饥不老，
轻身延年。
【核】曰∶处处有之，当以太山、陕州、宜州、乾陵者为胜。四季长青，叶叶侧生，枝
枝西向，有三种。一名丛柏，枝叶丛叠，今人呼为千头。一名浑柏，独叶丛茂，木心紫赤，
唯堪作香，皆不结实，不为药用。一名扁柏，木心微白，芳香清烈，作花细小，结实有角，
四裂子出，尖小介壳，霜后采取，中仁黄白，最多脂液。唯乾陵者，木理旋绕，宛若人物鸟
兽状，陆离可观。修治蒸熟去皮壳，捣作饼子，日干收用。
先人云∶万木皆向阳，而柏独西指者，顺受金制以为用，乃能成其贞固而可久，故字从
白。干枝叶实，为用有别，实具全体，内含章美，故入五脏。叶如脉络，故治络不坚固而溃，
脉不摄溢而崩。枝则气倍于叶，故入肢节。干则气烈于枝，故主全身矣。圣惠方，以实治惊
痫，及大便青白色者，盖肝木受制，怒则乘其所胜，是以青白之色见于便，而惊从藏发，匪
实奚宜。
【 】曰∶柏芳香高洁，文彩陆离，即 天直上，谁能禁之。乃俯焉西向，以秉制所天，
可谓至德也已。巨擘乔木，作社稷栋梁。宜哉殷人以柏，其逆知后世之西向乎。味甘美，性
和平，对待肝木失制，发为惊骇悸忡，质坚固，气条达，驱除风湿成痹也。德润于身，安藏
乐道，耳目聪明，色泽长生矣。
（山书云∶木植三百六十，而松柏为之长。史记云∶松柏为百木长，而守宫闾。公羊注
云∶松，犹容也，想见其容貌而事之。柏，犹迫也。取亲而不远之义。故坛 丘墓多植之。
埤雅云∶柏，掬也。性坚致，有脂而香，故古人破为畅臼，用以捣郁。杂记云∶畅臼以掬，
杵以梧。广志云∶柏有续柏，有汁柏。崔实云∶七月收柏实。列仙传云∶赤松子好食柏实，
齿落更生。王修赋云∶既殊群而抗立，亦含真而挺正，岂春日之自芳，必霜下而为盛。烈风
不能摧其枝，积雪不能改其性。诗云∶泛彼柏舟，在彼中流。言柏非不可以为舟，特非柏之
所宜。故其姜守义，引以自况也。世以柏之指西，犹磁之指南也。先人云∶柏从白，即具秉
制为用象，抑木以金为魄欤。）
【本草经上品】
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗惊悸不安，补益元气，祛除风湿痹痛，安定五脏功能。长期服用能使人身体丰润、面色光泽、耳聪目明，不易饥饿且延缓衰老，使身体轻盈并延长寿命。
【核析】曰：柏树各地都有生长，但以泰山、陕州、宜州、乾陵出产的为最佳。柏树四季常青，叶片侧生，树枝枝枝向西倾斜，共有三种类型。一种叫丛柏，枝叶丛生重叠，现在人称为“千头柏”；一种叫浑柏，单叶丛生茂密，木质心呈紫红色，只能用来制作香料，都不结种子，不能入药；一种叫扁柏，木质心微白，香气清冽猛烈，花朵细小，结出的果实有棱角，四裂后种子伸出，尖端有小介壳，霜降后采收，种仁黄白色，含有最多的油脂液汁。其中乾陵产的柏树，木纹旋绕，宛如人物鸟兽的形状，色彩斑斓可观。炮制时需蒸熟去皮壳，捣碎制成饼状，晒干后收藏使用。
先父曾说：万物树木都朝向阳光生长，唯独柏树指向西方，这是顺应受金气制约以发挥作用，才能成就其坚贞稳固而持久，所以“柏”字从“白”。树干、枝叶、果实的用途各不相同，果实具备完整形态，内含美好精华，所以能入五脏。叶子像脉络，所以治疗络脉不坚固而溃破，经脉不摄血而崩漏的病症。树枝的气机比叶子加倍，所以能入肢节。树干的气机比树枝更烈，所以主治全身疾病。《圣惠方》用柏实治疗惊痫，以及大便呈青白色的症状，这是因为肝木受到制约，愤怒时就会乘虚侵犯它所胜克的脏腑（脾土），因此青色和白色出现在大便中，而惊恐从内脏发出，如果不是用柏实来制约，哪里合适呢？
【】曰：柏树芳香高洁，文采斑斓，即使笔直向上生长，谁能禁止它呢？但它俯身向西，以奉行所制约的天道，可以说是最高尚的品德了。作为巨大的乔木，它是国家社稷的栋梁。难怪殷代人种植柏树，他们难道预先知道后世会向西向吗？味道甘甜美好，性质平和，针对肝木失去制约而引发的惊骇心悸，质地坚固，气机条达，能驱除形成痹症的风湿。德行滋润身体，安守脏腑乐于道，耳聪目明，色泽长生。
（《山书》说：植物三百六十种，松柏是其中的长者。《史记》说：松柏是百木之长，守卫宫闱。《公羊传注》说：松，通“容”，想象它的容貌来侍奉它。柏，通“迫”，取亲近而不疏远的意思。所以祭坛和坟墓多种植它。《埤雅》说：柏，通“掬”。性质坚硬细致，有油脂且香，所以古人把它剖开做成舂臼，用来捣碎郁金。《杂记》说：畅臼用柏木做，杵用梧桐木做。《广志》说：柏有续柏，有汁柏。崔寔说：七月采集柏实。《列仙传》说：赤松子喜欢吃柏实，掉落的牙齿重新长出。王修赋说：既不同于群树而独立抗立，也含藏真性而挺拔正直，难道春天自己就芬芳，一定要霜降后才繁盛。烈风不能摧毁它的枝条，积雪不能改变它的本性。《诗经》说：那漂浮的柏木船，在河流中央。意思是柏树并非不可以做船，只是不适合做柏船。所以姜守义引用此句来比喻自己坚守节操。世人认为柏树指向西方，就像磁石指南针一样。先父说：柏从白，即具备秉受制约以发挥作用的形象，是用金气来克制木气的魂魄吗？）
[Shangpin of the Classic of Materia Medica]
[Taste and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats palpitations due to fright, tonifies Qi, dispels wind-dampness bi-syndrome, and calms the Five Zang organs. Long-term consumption makes one plump with lustrous complexion, sharpens hearing and vision, prevents hunger and aging, lightens the body, and prolongs life.
[Analysis] It is said: Cypresses grow everywhere, but those from Mount Tai, Shanzhou, Yizhou, and Qianling are superior. They remain evergreen in all four seasons, leaves grow on the sides, and branches all face west. There are three types. One is Congbai (Cluster Cypress), with dense, overlapping foliage and branches, now called "Thousand-Head Cypress"; one is Hunbai (Round Cypress), with solitary, dense leaves, purple-red heartwood, used only for incense, bearing no seeds, and not suitable for medicinal use; one is Bianbai (Flat Cypress), with slightly white heartwood, clear and pungent fragrance, small flowers, and angular fruits that split into four, releasing seeds with small shells. Harvested after frost, the kernels are yellowish-white and rich in oily juice. Those from Qianling have swirling grain patterns resembling figures or animals, visually striking. For processing, steam until cooked, remove shells, pound into cakes, dry in the sun, and store.
My late father said: All trees turn towards the sun, but cypress turns west. This is to comply with the control of Metal to exert its function, thereby achieving steadfastness and longevity; hence the character contains "Bai" (White). The trunk, branches, leaves, and fruits have different uses. The fruit possesses the whole form and contains inner beauty, thus entering the Five Zang. Leaves resemble meridians, thus treating unsteady collaterals that ulcerate and vessels that fail to contain blood leading to hemorrhage. Branches have double the Qi of leaves, thus entering limbs and joints. Trunks have fiercer Qi than branches, thus governing the whole body. *Shenghui Fang* uses Cypri Semen to treat epilepsy due to fright and stools that are greenish-white. This is because Liver Wood is controlled; when angry, it overacts upon what it conquers (Spleen Earth), causing green and white colors to appear in stool, and fright originates from the viscera. Without the fruit's controlling action, what would be appropriate?
[Commentary] Cypresses are fragrant, noble, and colorful. Even if they grow straight up towards heaven, who can forbid them? Yet they bow westward to obey the controlling Heaven, which can be called the highest virtue. As giant trees, they serve as pillars of the state. No wonder the Yin people planted cypresses; did they foresee the later generations' westward orientation? The taste is sweet and pleasant, nature is peaceful. It addresses the loss of control over Liver Wood, manifesting as fright, terror, and palpitations. Its texture is solid, Qi is smooth and unobstructed, driving out wind-dampness that forms bi-syndrome. Virtue nourishes the body, calming the Zang organs and delighting in the Dao, resulting in acute hearing and vision, lustrous complexion, and longevity.
(*Shan Shu* states: Among 360 plant species, Pines and Cypresses are the elders. *Records of the Grand Historian* states: Pines and Cypresses are the leaders of all trees, guarding the palace gates. *Gongyang Zhuan Commentary* states: Pine resembles "Rong" (containment/appearance); one imagines its appearance to serve it. Cypress resembles "Po" (approach); taking the meaning of closeness without distance. Thus, altars and tombs often plant them. *Pi Ya* states: Cypress resembles "Ju" (cupping/handful). Nature is hard and fine, oily and fragrant, so ancients split it to make Changji mortars for pounding Yu (Curcuma). *Za Ji* states: Changji mortars are made of Ju (Cypress), pestles of Wu (Wutong tree). *Guang Zhi* states: Cypress has Xu Bai (Continuing Cypress) and Zhi Bai (Juicy Cypress). Cui Shi states: Collect Cypri Semen in the seventh month. *Biographies of Divine Immortals* states: Chisongzi liked eating Cypri Semen, and fallen teeth grew back again. Wang Xiu's Ode states: Standing apart from the crowd, upright and true; not just fragrant in spring, but flourishing after frost. Fierce winds cannot break its branches, heavy snow cannot change its nature. *Book of Songs* states: That floating Cypress boat, in the middle of the stream. Meaning: Cypress is not unfit for boats, but unsuitable for making Cypress boats. Thus Jiang Shouyi quotes this to describe his own adherence to righteousness. People say Cypress pointing west is like a magnet pointing south. My late father said: Cypress contains "Bai", implying the image of accepting control for use, using Metal to restrain the Soul of Wood?)