（本经中品）
【气味】苦寒，无毒。
【主治】主关格，诸癃结，小便不通，出刺，决痈肿，明目，去翳，破胎堕子，下闭血。
【核】曰∶瞿麦，即洛阳花萼，云石竹，及剪秋罗者谬矣。所在有之。茎细有节，高一、
二尺，叶似石竹，又似地肤，稍巅开花，有红、紫、粉、蓝、斑烂数色，结实如燕麦，内子
紫黑而扁，只用萼壳，不用茎叶，一时同使，令人气噎，及小便不禁也。修事，以苦竹沥浸
一伏时，取出晒干用。 草、牡丹为之使。恶螵蛸。伏丹砂。
【 】曰∶瞿，戟属。四矛为瞿。又四达为瞿。亦鹰隼之视为瞿也。麦者，实囊形相似
尔。主明目去翳者，取鹰隼之能视；去刺决痈肿，破胎堕子者，取戈矛之四出；治关格诸癃
结，小便失利，不闭血者，取四达之通瞿，通因塞用，急方之通剂也。但气味苦寒，设非火
热为本因，反成箪瓢之 耳。
（本经中品）
阴阳左右，各十有二，两边分解者，各得其平，丹龙精仅独粒，则左难右难矣。
【气味】辛平，无毒。
【主治】主伤寒烦热，淋沥，邪气，疝瘕，喉痹，乳难，金疮，风痉。
【核】曰∶贝母，一名勤母、空草、苦菜、苦花。出晋地、润州者最佳。今河中、江陵、
郢、寿、随、郑、蔡、滁诸州亦有之。二月生苗，叶随苗出，如荞麦状，茎叶并青。七月开
花，碧绿色，形如百合，斜悬向下，上有红脉，若似人肺。八月采根，根有瓣子，黄白色，
如聚贝子。一种叶如栝蒌而细小，子在根下，如芋子，正白色，连累相着而可分解。一种叶
如韭而花色白，根子亦作两瓣也。修治，先于柳木灰中炮黄，擘去口中米许大心，再拌糯米
同炒，俟米黄，去米用。勿用独粒，不作两瓣者，号丹龙精，误服令人筋脉永不收，唯黄精、
小蓝汁服之可立解。浓朴、白薇为之使。恶桃花。畏秦艽、莽草、矾石。反乌头。
先人云∶形如聚贝，独贵其母，若用空解，肺肝可施。
【 】曰，虽有多种，但苗叶别异，萼悉上昂，花悉下垂，此开机互阖，阖机互开，少
阳胆之枢药也。根形如贝，色白味辛，以金为用，肝之肺药，肺之肝药也。以太阴肺主开，
厥阴肝主阖，靡不取决于少阳胆主枢者。如伤寒烦热，喉痹风痉，乃开机反阖，不能转开；
如淋沥，乃开机反折，不能互阖；如乳难，乃不能为开；如金疮，乃不能为阖；如疝瘕，乃
不能为开为阖也。贝母功力，能使阖者开，开者阖，阖折不能互开者，能使之互开；开折不
能互阖者，能使之互阖；不能阖者，能顺其阖；不能开者，能顺其开；不能为开为阖者，能
顺其为开为阖也。盖开与阖，莫不取决于枢，以为开阖故尔。
（萼主垂而昂，花主昂而垂，此阴阳颠倒象，金木互交机也。其使之互交，令之颠倒者，
谁
【《神农本草经》中品】
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主治关格（小便不通与呕吐并见的病证），各种癃闭结滞，小便不通，排出异物或刺状物，消散痈肿，明目，去除眼翳，破除胎气使胎儿堕下，通利闭塞之瘀血。
【考证】卢之颐曰：瞿麦，就是洛阳花萼，说是石竹以及剪秋罗是错误的。各地都有生长。茎细长有节，高一二尺，叶子像石竹，又像地肤子，稍顶端开花，有红、紫、粉、蓝、斑驳等多种颜色，结的果实像燕麦，里面的种子紫黑色且扁平，只用花萼壳，不用茎和叶，如果茎叶同用，会导致人气逆噎塞，以及小便失禁。炮制方法，用苦竹沥浸泡一个时辰（约12小时），取出晒干后使用。以草（此处指某种草药，原文未全，通常指某特定辅药）和牡丹为佐使。畏螵蛸。能伏制丹砂。
【按语】卢之颐曰：“瞿”，是戟类兵器，四支矛头称为“瞿”。又意为四通八达。也是鹰隼视力的意思。“麦”，是指果实囊形相似罢了。主治明目去翳，是取鹰隼视力敏锐之意；去刺、消散痈肿、破胎堕子，是取戈矛四处出击之意；治疗关格各种癃闭结滞，小便不利，通利闭血，是取四通八达通畅之意，即“通因通用”之法，是急症用的通利方剂。但是气味苦寒，如果不是火热为本因，反而会成为像箪瓢那样空虚无用的东西（或指损伤正气）。
【《神农本草经》中品】
阴阳左右，各十二经，两边分解者，各得其平衡，如果是丹龙精仅独一粒，则左难右难了。
【气味】味辛，性平，无毒。
【主治】主治伤寒烦热，淋沥不尽，邪气，疝瘕积聚，喉痹，乳汁不下，金疮，风痉。
【考证】卢之颐曰：贝母，又名勤母、空草、苦菜、苦花。出产在晋地、润州的最好。现在河中、江陵、郢、寿、随、郑、蔡、滁等州也有。二月生苗，叶子随苗长出，像荞麦形状，茎叶都是青色。七月开花，碧绿色，形状像百合，斜悬向下，上面有红色脉络，好像人的肺脏。八月采根，根有瓣子，黄白色，像聚集在一起的贝子。有一种叶子像栝蒌但细小，种子在根下，像芋头子，正白色，连累相附着而可分解。有一种叶子像韭菜而花色白，根子也分为两瓣。炮制方法，先在柳木灰中炮至黄色，掰开去掉中间米粒大小的芯，再拌糯米同炒，等到米变黄，去掉米使用。不要用独粒、不分为两瓣的，号称丹龙精，误服会导致筋脉永远无法收敛，只有服用黄精、小蓝汁可以立即解救。以浓朴、白薇为佐使。畏桃花。畏惧秦艽、莽草、矾石。反乌头。
先人曾说：形状像聚集的贝子，唯独珍贵其母体，如果使用空心解法，可用于肺肝。
【按语】卢之颐曰：虽然有多种，但苗叶区别不同，花萼都向上昂起，花朵都向下垂，这是开机互阖，阖机互开的道理，是少阳胆的枢机药物。根形如贝，色白味辛，以金为用，是肝的肺药，肺的肝药。以太阴肺主开，厥阴肝主阖，无不取决于少阳胆主枢机。比如伤寒烦热，喉痹风痉，是开机反而闭合，不能转开；比如淋沥，是开机反而折损，不能互阖；比如乳汁不下，是不能够开启；比如金疮，是不能够闭合；比如疝瘕，是不能够开也不能够阖。贝母的功效，能使闭合的开，开启的合，闭合折损不能互开的，能使它们互开；开启折损不能互合的，能使它们互合；不能合的，能顺应其合；不能开的，能顺应其开；不能开也不能合的，能顺应其开合。大概开与阖，无不取决于枢机，以此来作为开阖的缘故。
（花萼主下垂而昂起，花朵主昂起而下垂，这是阴阳颠倒之象，金木交互之机。使其交互，令其颠倒的，是谁……）
[Shennong Bencao Jing, Middle Category]
【Flavor and Nature】Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
【Indications】Mainly treats guan-ge (a syndrome characterized by obstruction of urination and vomiting), various types of long-bi (dysuria) and stagnation, inability to pass urine, expulsion of foreign bodies or spicules, resolution of carbuncles and swellings, brightening the eyes, removal of corneal opacity (yi), breaking fetal retention to induce abortion, and promoting the discharge of obstructed blood.
【Verification】Lu Zhiyi states: Qumai is indeed Luoyang Hua'e. It is erroneous to claim it is Dianthus (Shizhu) or Lychnis senno (Jianqiuluo). It grows everywhere. The stem is slender with nodes, one to two chi high. The leaves resemble those of Dianthus and Kochia scoparia (Difu). Flowers bloom slightly at the apex, in red, purple, pink, blue, and mottled colors. The fruit resembles oats; the seeds inside are purplish-black and flat. Only the calyx shell is used; the stems and leaves are not. If used together, it causes qi stagnation and choking, as well as urinary incontinence. Processing method: Soak in the juice of bitter bamboo for one fushi (approx. 12 hours), take out, dry in the sun, and use. It is assisted by Cao (herb name incomplete in text, likely referring to a specific herb) and Peony (Mudan). It opposes Opiospermum (Piaoxiao). It can suppress Cinnabar (Dansha).
【Commentary】Lu Zhiyi states: "Qu" refers to halberds; four spears constitute "Qu". It also means四通八达 (accessible from all directions). It also refers to the vision of eagles and falcons. "Mai" refers to the similarity in the shape of the seed capsule. The indication for brightening the eyes and removing opacity is derived from the keen vision of eagles and falcons. The indications for expelling spicules, resolving carbuncles, and inducing abortion are derived from the four-pronged striking nature of halberds. The treatment of guan-ge, various long-bi, difficulty in urination, and obstructed blood is derived from the meaning of "Qu" as accessible from all directions, employing the principle of "treating obstruction with unblocking methods" (Tong Yin Yong Tong), which is an urgent unblocking formula. However, since its flavor is bitter and cold, if the root cause is not heat-fire, it will become ineffective like an empty gourd and ladle (or imply damaging healthy qi).
[Shenneng Bencao Jing, Middle Category]
Yin and Yang, left and right, each have twelve [meridians]. Those that decompose on both sides achieve balance. If Danlongjing exists as a single grain, it becomes difficult to address both left and right.
【Flavor and Nature】Acrid, neutral, non-toxic.
【Indications】Mainly treats shanghan (cold damage) with vexatious heat, dribbling dysuria, pathogenic qi, hernia and jia (masses), throat bi (obstruction), difficulty in lactation, metal wounds, and wind-induced spasms.
【Verification】Lu Zhiyi states: Beimu is also known as Qinmu, Kongcao, Kucai, and Kuhua. The best quality comes from Jin Di and Runzhou. Now it is also found in Hezhong, Jiangling, Ying, Shou, Sui, Zheng, Cai, and Chuzhou. In February, shoots emerge; leaves appear with the shoots, resembling buckwheat leaves, with green stems and leaves. In July, flowers bloom, jade-green, shaped like lilies, hanging obliquely downwards, with red veins on top, resembling human lungs. Roots are harvested in August; the roots have cloves, yellowish-white, resembling clustered shells. One variety has leaves like Trichosanthes kirilowii (Gualou) but smaller, with seeds under the root, white like taro seeds, attached closely but separable. Another variety has leaves like garlic chives with white flowers, and the root also divides into two cloves. Processing method: First, roast in willow wood ash until yellow. Split open and remove the heart-sized core (approx. size of a rice grain). Then stir-fry with glutinous rice until the rice turns yellow, discard the rice, and use. Do not use single-grain forms that do not divide into two cloves, known as Danlongjing. Accidental ingestion causes permanent failure of tendons and vessels to contract. This can be immediately relieved by taking Huangjing (Polygonatum) and Xiao Lan Zhi (juice of Isatis). It is assisted by Houpo (Magnolia Bark) and Baiwei (Anemarrhena Root). It opposes Taohua (Peach Blossom). It fears Qinjiao (Gentiana Macrophylla), Mangcao (Artemisia annua var.), and Fanshi (Alum). It is incompatible with Wutou (Aconite).
My ancestors said: The shape resembles clustered shells; it uniquely honors the mother. If used for empty resolution, it can be applied to the Lung and Liver.
【Commentary】Lu Zhiyi states: Although there are various types, the shoots and leaves differ. The sepals all point upwards, and the flowers all hang downwards. This represents the mutual opening and closing of mechanisms (Kai Ji Hu He, He Ji Hu Kai); it is the pivot medicine of the Shaoyang Gallbladder. The root shape is like a shell, white in color and acrid in taste, utilizing Metal. It is the Lung medicine for the Liver and the Liver medicine for the Lung. Taiyin Lung governs opening, Jueyin Liver governs closing, and all depend on the Shaoyang Gallbladder governing the pivot. For example, shanghan with vexatious heat, throat bi, and wind spasms represent opening mechanism turning into closing, unable to rotate open; dribbling dysuria represents opening mechanism turning into folding, unable to mutually close; difficulty in lactation represents inability to open; metal wounds represent inability to close; hernia and masses represent inability to either open or close. The efficacy of Beimu enables the closed to open, the opened to close, the folded and unable to mutually open to mutually open, the opened and folded unable to mutually close to mutually close, the unable to close to follow closing, the unable to open to follow opening, and the unable to open or close to follow opening and closing. Generally, opening and closing all depend on the pivot to serve as the cause of opening and closing.
(Sepals main downward yet upward, flowers main upward yet downward, this is the image of yin-yang inversion, the mechanism of metal-wood interaction. Who causes their interaction and inversion...)