（本经中品）
【气味】苦温，无毒。
【主治】主咳逆上气，胸中寒热结气，去蛊毒、痿蹶，安五脏。
【核】曰∶出汉中、房陵山谷，及真定、邯郸，近道亦有。三、四月布地生苗，其叶二
四相连，五、六月开黄白紫花，根极柔润，色紫作节，宛若蕤缨之下垂也。白色者，即女菀，
一名白菀。今人多以车前，及旋覆根，赤土染过伪充，不可不慎。修事，去须、头及土，东
流水洗净，蜜浸一宿，至明，拴火上焙干。款冬花为之使。恶天雄、瞿麦、 本、雷丸、远
志，畏茵陈。
先人云∶诗曰，菀彼柔桑，盖言茂也，故治郁结。当有五色，取色紫、味苦者，以治胸
中寒热结气。胸中，肺部也。肺中有火，外发而为痿蹶，内郁而为咳喘，及肺热叶焦，致五
脏不安者。用其色以行肺用，用其气以散肺结，用其味以顺火性，倘无结气而用之。过泄肺
气矣
【 】曰∶菀，郁也。解肺金郁以成名也。胸为肺部，寒热气结在中，致蛊毒、脏不安。
上见咳逆，下见痿蹶，菀从结心。解即分散，表解便利为外征。经云∶金郁则泄之，解表利
小水也。观息奔，及小便卒不得出，其义自见。设中虚，或肺金体衰者，宜斟酌投之。
（赤火刑金，紫则水火合璧，故转行金用，火金水三缘交会，同一支派矣。然太阴开，
结则
（解从结心，如表解为上为下之分散；便利为下为内之分散；息奔为上为外之分散；小
便卒不得出，为下为内之结象也。当虚其实，毋虚其虚。）
【本草经·中品】
【气味】味苦，性温，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗咳嗽气逆，胸中寒热郁结之气，去除蛊毒、痿证足弱（肢体萎软无力），安定五脏。
【考证】曰：紫菀产于汉中、房陵的山谷，以及真定、邯郸等地，邻近道路也有出产。三、四月间在地面生长出苗，叶子两四片相连，五、六月开出黄白紫色的花，根部极其柔润，颜色紫红且有节，宛如蕤缨下垂的样子。白色的品种，就是女菀，又名白菀。现在的人常用车前草的根，以及旋覆花的根，用赤土染色来伪充，不可不谨慎辨别。炮制方法：去掉须根、根头及泥土，用东流水洗净，用蜂蜜浸泡一夜，到第二天早晨，在灶火上焙干。款冬花是它的辅药（使药）。忌与天雄、瞿麦、藁本、雷丸、远志同用，畏惧茵陈。
先父曾说：《诗经》说“菀彼柔桑”，是说茂盛的意思，所以紫菀能治疗郁结之证。应当选取五色之中，色紫、味苦的品种，用来治疗胸中的寒热郁结之气。胸中是肺脏所在之处。肺中有火，向外发散则导致痿蹶，向内郁结则导致咳喘，以及因肺热叶焦而导致五脏不安的情况。利用它的颜色来发挥肺的功能，利用它的气味来疏散肺部的郁结，利用它的味道来顺应火的性质。如果没有郁结之气而使用它，就会过度耗泄肺气。
【注释】曰：菀，就是郁结的意思。因为能解除肺金的郁结而得名。胸中是肺部所在，寒热之气郁结在中，导致蛊毒、脏腑不安。向上表现为咳嗽气逆，向下表现为痿证足弱，紫菀是从解除心部郁结入手。解，即分散，表证解除、二便通利是外在征象。医经说：金郁则泄之，这里指通过解表、通利小便来治疗。观察喘息急促，以及小便突然排不出来的情况，其中的道理自然显现。如果中气虚弱，或者肺金体质衰弱的人，应当斟酌后投药。
（赤火克制肺金，紫色则是水火相合，所以转而运行肺的功能，火、金、水三者缘分交会，属于同一支派。然而太阴脾肺开启，若遇郁结……）
（解，从解除郁结之心开始，如解表是为上、为下的分散；通利二便是为下、为内的分散；喘息急促是为上、为外的分散；小便突然排不出来，是为下、为内的郁结象。应当泻其有余之实邪，不要损伤其本已不足之虚体。）
[Shennong Bencao Jing, Middle Category]
【Flavor and Nature】Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
【Indications】Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi (Ke Ni Shang Qi), cold-heat knotted qi in the chest, removes gu poison (Gu Du), ataxia and weakness of the limbs (Wei Jue), and calms the five zang organs.
【Verification】It is stated: It grows in the valleys of Hanzhong and Fangling, as well as in Zhending and Handan; it is also found near the roads. In the third and fourth lunar months, seedlings spread on the ground; its leaves grow in pairs or quaternions; in the fifth and sixth months, it blooms yellow-white-purple flowers. The root is extremely soft and moist, purple in color with nodes, resembling the hanging tassels of Ru Ying. The white variety is called Nu Wan (Female Aster), also known as Bai Wan (White Aster). Nowadays, people often use the roots of Plantago asiatica (Che Qian) and Inula japonica (Xuan Fu), dyed red with soil, to counterfeit it; one must be cautious. Processing method: Remove the fibrous roots, root head, and soil; wash clean with flowing water from the east; soak in honey overnight; the next morning, dry by roasting over a stove fire. Kua Dong Hua (Flos Farfarae) serves as its assistant drug (Shi). It is incompatible with Tian Xiong (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Preparata), Qu Mai (Herba Dianthi), Gao Ben (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), Lei Wan (Sclerotium Polypori), and Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae); it fears Yin Chen (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae).
My late father said: The Book of Songs states, "Lush are the tender mulberries," indicating abundance/luxuriance; thus, it treats stagnation and knotting. One should select the variety that is purple in color and bitter in taste among the five colors, to treat the cold-heat knotted qi in the chest. The chest is the location of the Lung organ. If there is fire in the Lung, manifesting outwardly it causes Wei Jue (limb atrophy and weakness); manifesting inwardly it causes cough and asthma; and due to Lung heat scorching the leaves, it leads to the disturbance of the five zang organs. Use its color to facilitate Lung function, use its aroma to disperse Lung stagnation, and use its flavor to accord with the nature of fire. If used without existing knotted qi, it will excessively drain Lung qi.
[Commentary] It is said: "Wan" means stagnation. It is named so because it resolves the stagnation of Metal (Lung). The chest is the domain of the Lung; when cold and hot qi knot in the middle, it leads to gu poison and disturbance of the zang organs. Upward manifestation includes cough and rebellious qi; downward manifestation includes Wei Jue. Wan acts by resolving the knot from the heart/mind. "Jie" (resolve) means to scatter; the resolution of the exterior and free urination/defecation are external signs. The Classic states: "For Metal stagnation, vent it." This refers to resolving the exterior and promoting urination. Observing panting (Xi Ben) and sudden inability to urinate reveals the underlying principle. If the center is deficient, or if the Lung Metal constitution is weak, dosage should be carefully considered.
(Red Fire controls Metal; Purple represents the union of Water and Fire; thus, it transitions to regulate Metal function. Fire, Metal, and Water intersect, belonging to the same lineage. However, when Taiyin opens, if there is stagnation...)
(Resolution begins from untying the knot. Resolving the exterior disperses upward and downward; promoting urination/defecation disperses downward and inward; panting is an outward dispersion upward; sudden inability to urinate is an internal knotting downward. One should reduce excess pathogenic factors without further depleting deficiency.)