（别录中品）
【气味】甘平，无毒。
【主治】主五脏邪气，安志，厌食。除蛊毒，去三虫。久服强魂，聪明，轻身不老，
通神明。
【核】曰∶龙眼，别名益志。又名龙目、比目、骊珠、燕卵、鲛泪、蜜脾、川弹子、亚
荔枝、荔枝奴，俗名圆眼，皆形相似也。生海南山谷，今闽、广、蜀道，出荔枝处皆有。
畏寒，故与荔枝并生暖地。
蜀都赋云∶旁挺龙目，侧生荔枝。苏颂云∶荔枝才过，龙眼即熟。木高一、二丈，似荔
枝而枝叶微小，凌冬不凋。春末夏初，开花细白，似林檎
颗，作穗类葡萄，壳色青黄，文成鳞甲，形如
蜜。白露采摘，晒焙令干，黄土拌挹，鲜黄可观也。
【 】曰∶鳞虫木属为龙，肝木根窍为眼。久服强魂。魂者，肝脏之神识也。魂强，肝
木之体具；体具，肝木之用行；用行，升出中降入之五气；行各有次而五志安，五邪治，三
虫去，蛊毒除，身轻根净，皆得所欲。
（心藏神，脾藏意与志。志为脾土之专藏矣。四气调神∶春三月，以使志生；夏三月，
无怒其志；秋三月，无外其志；冬三月，使志若伏，若匿，若有私意，若已有得，则脏各有
志，神亦不专心所藏矣。）
（别录中品）
【气味】甘涩寒，无毒。
【主治】主安五脏。通耳鼻气，治肠胃不足，解酒毒，压胃间 ，止口干。干者尤良
。蒂主哕逆久咳。
【核】曰∶南北皆有。树极高硕，亦有小株者。接则易茂，本生者，果稀味涩，唯堪造
漆。叶圆光泽，花小黄白。五月缀实，八月果熟，生时青绿，熟则丹红。种类亦多，唯红柿
所在皆有；黄柿出汴、雒；朱柿出华山；珍 柿，色青可生啖；着盖柿，蒂下别有一重，如
覆瓶之盖；更有鹿心、牛奶、鸡卵、猴枣、蒸饼、镜面、丁香、福孙、多宝、团花，及白柿、
乌柿、 柿、庄柿、碧柿、火柿、水柿之别。其蒂有方、有元、有薄、有浓、有覆、有仰。
其核有正、有侧、有圆、有偏、有长、有短、有软、有坚、有本尖、有末锐、有有棱、有无
棱、有有核、有无核，核少者佳，无核者，食之至美而益人者也。初采颇涩，或灰、或米、
或温水，覆养旬日，涩味去，甘滑可口矣。或置木瓜、酥梨、橘叶于中，更易熟而臭香。唯
水浸可以久藏，谓之 柿。乘半熟去皮，先熏后曝，或悬有风处，俟干纳器中，久之遍体
生霜，均名曰柿饼。更有柿切、柿心，及禽鱼鸟兽之名，此各随赋形之小大，造制之相肖耳。
事类合璧云∶柿，朱果也，大者如 ，八棱稍扁，其次如拳，如卵，如心。一种小而如折二
钱者，谓之猴枣。其根甚固，谓之柿盘。世传柿有七绝∶一多寿；二多阴；三无鸟窠；四无
虫蠹；五霜叶可玩；六嘉实；七落叶肥滑，可以临书也。柿同蟹食，令人腹痛；饮酒食柿，
令人易醉。
先人云∶多肉多络，具经脉之形；味甘性滑，有养窍之利。晚熟禀秋金之化，落叶得肥
火之暄。又云∶蒂有主义、吸义、降义、转输义、顺行义，故可对待逆上之气，呼出不得自
主。亦非专主于降，力能专主于不逆也。
【 】曰∶柿，赤实果也。青黑者 ，所谓梁侯乌 之柿是也。尔雅翼云∶柿于经乃复
罕见，唯内则所加，庶羞三十一物中有之。其实利以作漆，蟹化之成水也。蟹以膏胜，漆以
脂胜，膏释脂凝，昭然可征矣。柿本涩而熟则甘。蒂则仍含本有之涩而不迁。涩者，酸收之
甚耳。宜入太阴肺，为肺经之体用药也。如肺所生病，为上气咳逆，烦心胸满。其不足则病
哕诸气，缘体失从革之坚，致用失敌应之变，涩本从体，滑本从用，柿则两得之矣。
（柿本甘而蒂涩，如瓜本甘而蒂苦，吮抽水液，抵当唯蒂，所以见中枢之别于开阖也。
苦则涌泄以待涩，自下而上，还复自上而下以从开；涩则降肃以待脱，从上而下，更复从下
而上以从阖。涩开脱阖，各宜体会，不独尽二蒂之主治，并尽方剂之作用矣。）
【别录中品】
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】主治五脏邪气，安定神志，抑制食欲（厌食）。去除蛊毒，驱除体内三种寄生虫。长期服用可强健魂魄，使耳聪目明，身体轻盈而不衰老，通达神明。
【核】说：龙眼，别名益志。又名龙目、比目、骊珠、燕卵、鲛泪、蜜脾、川弹子、亚荔枝、荔枝奴，俗名圆眼，这些名字都因其形状相似而得名。产于海南的山谷中，如今福建、广东、蜀地道路旁，凡是有荔枝生长的地方都有出产。它畏惧寒冷，所以与荔枝一同生长在温暖的地方。
《蜀都赋》中说：“旁边挺立着龙眼树，侧面生长着荔枝树。”苏颂说：“荔枝刚过，龙眼就成熟了。”树木高一到二丈，外形像荔枝但枝叶微小，过冬不凋谢。春末夏初开花，花朵细小洁白，像林檎的果实一样，成穗状类似葡萄，外壳颜色青黄，纹理像鳞甲，形状像蜂蜜凝结物。白露时节采摘，晒干焙干后用黄土拌匀，色泽鲜黄可观。
【按语】说：鳞虫和木本植物属龙，肝木的根本窍穴为眼。长期服用能强健魂魄。魂，是肝脏的神识。魂强，则肝木的形体具备；形体具备，则肝木的功能运行；功能运行，则升出、中降入的五气得以流通；运行各有次序而五志安宁，五种邪气被治愈，三种寄生虫去除，蛊毒消除，身体轻盈根本洁净，都能得到所愿。
（心藏神，脾藏意与志。志是脾土专门储藏的精神活动。《四气调神大论》说：春季三个月，要使志意生发；夏季三个月，不要使志意愤怒；秋季三个月，不要使志意外泄；冬季三个月，要使志意潜伏、隐匿，好像有私心秘密，好像已经有所收获，这样五脏各有所藏之志，神也不会只专注于某一脏所藏的了。）
【别录中品】
【气味】味甘、涩，性寒，无毒。
【主治】主治安养五脏。通利耳鼻之气，治疗肠胃虚弱，解除酒毒，压制胃中的痞满，止住口干。干燥者效果更佳。柿蒂主治呃逆和久咳。
【核】说：南北各地都有。树木高大硕壮，也有小株的。嫁接后容易茂盛，原生长的果树结果少且味道涩，只能用来制作漆。叶子圆形有光泽，花小呈黄白色。五月结出果实，八月果实成熟，生时青绿色，熟时红如丹砂。种类也很多，只有红柿到处都有；黄柿产自汴州、洛阳；朱柿产自华山；珍柿，颜色青绿可以生吃；着盖柿，蒂下另有一层，像倒扣瓶子的盖子；更有鹿心、牛奶、鸡卵、猴枣、蒸饼、镜面、丁香、福孙、多宝、团花，以及白柿、乌柿、 柿、庄柿、碧柿、火柿、水柿的区别。其蒂有方形、圆形、薄厚、深浅、覆盖、仰起的不同。其核有正侧、圆偏、长短、软硬、根部尖细、末端锐利、有棱无棱、有核无核之分，核少的为好，无核的，吃起来极美且有益于人。刚采摘时颇涩，或用灰、或米、或温水，覆盖养护十天，涩味去掉，变得甘滑可口了。或者放入木瓜、酥梨、橘叶在其中，更容易成熟且散发香气。只有用水浸泡可以长久保存，称为“水柿”。在半熟时去皮，先熏后晒，或者悬挂在有风的地方，等到干了放入容器中，久了全身生出白霜，都叫作柿饼。更有柿切、柿心，以及禽鱼鸟兽的名字，这些都是随着赋予的形状大小，模仿制造而成的罢了。《事类合璧》说：柿，是红色的果实，大的像 ，八棱稍扁，其次像拳头，像蛋，像心。一种小而像折二的铜钱大小的，叫作猴枣。它的根很稳固，叫作柿盘。世间流传柿有七绝：一是多寿；二是多阴凉；三是没有鸟巢；四是没有虫蛀；五是霜叶可供玩赏；六是果实美好；七是落叶肥厚光滑，可以用来临摹书法。柿子和螃蟹一起吃，让人腹痛；喝酒时吃柿子，让人容易醉。
先祖说：果肉多肉络，具备经脉的形状；味甘性滑，有滋养孔窍的好处。晚熟禀受秋金的变化，落叶得到肥火的温暖。又说：柿蒂有主事、吸收、下降、转输、顺行的含义，所以可以对待逆上的气，呼出而不能自主。也不是专门主管下降，而是力量专门主管不逆乱。
【按语】说：柿，是红色的果实。青黑的是 ，所谓梁侯乌 的柿就是这种。《尔雅翼》说：柿在经典中乃至于罕见，只有《内则》中所加的，庶羞三十一物中有它。它的果实利益在于制作漆，蟹化成水。蟹以膏胜，漆以脂胜，膏释放脂凝固，昭然可征。柿本来涩，熟了就甘。蒂仍然含有本有的涩而不改变。涩，是酸收的极致。适宜入太阴肺经，作为肺经体用的药物。如肺所生的病，为上气咳逆，烦闷心胸满。其不足则病呃逆诸气，因为形体失去从革的坚硬，导致功能失去敌应的变化，涩本来从形体，滑本来从功能，柿两者都具备了。
（柿本甘而蒂涩，如瓜本甘而蒂苦，吮抽水液，抵当唯蒂，所以见中枢之别于开阖也。苦则涌泄以待涩，自下而上，还复自上而下以从开；涩则降肃以待脱，从上而下，更复从下而上以从阖。涩开脱阖，各宜体会，不独尽二蒂之主治，并尽方剂之作用矣。）
[Recorded in the Middle Grade of the Bie Lu]
[Taste and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats evil qi in the five zang organs, calms the mind (Shen), and suppresses appetite. Eliminates gu poison and expels three types of intestinal parasites. Long-term consumption strengthens the Hun (Ethereal Soul), enhances hearing and vision, lightens the body, prevents aging, and facilitates communication with spiritual intelligence.
[Nucleus/Commentary] It is said: Longan is also known as Yizhi (Benefiting Will). Other names include Longmu (Dragon Eye), Bibai (Side-by-side Eyes), Lizhu (Black Pearl), Yanyuan (Swallow Egg), Jiaolei (Shark Tears), Mipi (Honey Spleen), Chuandanzi (Sichuan Bullet), Yalizhi (Sub-Litchi), Lizhinu (Litchi Slave), and colloquially Yuanyan (Round Eye); all these names are derived from its similar shape. It grows in the valleys of Hainan. Currently, it is found in Fujian, Guangdong, and along the Sichuan routes, wherever litchis grow. It fears cold, thus growing in warm areas alongside litchis.
The *Shu Du Fu* states: "Longan trees stand tall on the sides, while litchi trees grow laterally." Su Song says: "When the litchi season passes, the longan ripens." The tree is one to two zhang high, resembling the litchi but with smaller leaves and branches, remaining evergreen through winter. In late spring and early summer, it blooms with small, white flowers, resembling the fruit of Malus asiatica (Linlin), clustered like grapes. The shell is yellowish-green with scales-like patterns, shaped like congealed honey. Harvested at White Dew, dried by sun and baking, then mixed with yellow earth, it appears bright yellow and visually appealing.
[Analysis] It is said: Scale-dwelling creatures and woody plants belong to the Dragon category; the root orifice of Liver Wood is the Eye. Long-term consumption strengthens the Hun. The Hun is the spiritual consciousness of the Liver. When the Hun is strong, the physical form of Liver Wood is established; when the form is established, the function of Liver Wood operates; when the function operates, the five Qi (ascending out, descending in) circulate; with proper order, the Five Wills are calm, the Five Evils are cured, the Three Parasites are removed, and Gu Poison is eliminated, resulting in a light body and pure root, fulfilling all desires.
(The Heart stores Shen, and the Spleen stores Yi and Zhi. Zhi is the specific storage of Earth of the Spleen. *Si Qi Tiao Shen Lun*: In the three months of Spring, let the will be generated; in the three months of Summer, do not anger the will; in the three months of Autumn, do not let the will escape outward; in the three months of Winter, let the will lie hidden, as if having private intentions, as if already possessing something, so that each Zang has its stored will, and Shen does not focus exclusively on what is stored in one Zang.)
[Recorded in the Middle Grade of the Bie Lu]
[Taste and Nature] Sweet, astringent, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily nourishes and calms the five Zang organs. Unblocks the Qi of the ears and nose, treats deficiency of the stomach and intestines, resolves alcohol toxicity, suppresses epigastric fullness/stagnation, and stops dry mouth. Dried persimmon is particularly effective. The pedicle (calyx) treats hiccups and chronic cough.
[Nucleus/Commentary] It is said: Persimmons grow in both North and South. The trees are tall and robust, though some are small shrubs. Grafted trees thrive easily; naturally grown trees yield fewer fruits with astringent taste, suitable only for making lacquer. Leaves are round and glossy; flowers are small, yellowish-white. Fruits set in May and ripen in August, turning from green to red like cinnabar when ripe. There are many varieties; Red Persimmons are ubiquitous; Yellow Persimmons come from Bian and Luo; Vermilion Persimmons from Huashan; Zhen Persimmons are green and edible raw; Zhagai Persimmons have an extra layer under the stem like an inverted bottle lid; there are also Deer Heart, Milk Cow, Chicken Egg, Monkey Date, Steamed Cake, Mirror Surface, Clove, Fusun, Duobao, Tuanhua, as well as White, Black, [Unclear], Zhuang, Green, Fire, and Water Persimmons. The stems vary in square, round, thin, thick, covering, or upward orientation. The pits vary in position (center/side), shape (round/oblique), length (long/short), texture (soft/hard), tip (root sharp/tip sharp), presence of ridges, and presence of seeds. Pits with fewer seeds are better; seedless ones are delicious and beneficial. Freshly picked persimmons are very astringent; soaking in ash, rice water, or warm water for ten days removes astringency, making them sweet and smooth. Placing papaya, su pear, or orange leaves inside accelerates ripening and fragrance. Soaking in water allows long-term storage, called "Water Persimmon." Peeling semi-ripe persimmons, smoking then drying, or hanging in windy places until dry and covered in frost yields "Persimmon Cake" (Shibing). There are also imitations named after cuts, cores, birds, fish, and beasts, mimicking shapes. *Shi Lei He Bi* states: Persimmon is a red fruit, large ones like [Unclear character], slightly flattened with eight ridges; medium ones like fists, eggs, or hearts. A small variety like a folded two-cash coin is called Monkey Date. Its roots are solid, called Persimmon Plate. Tradition holds seven excellences of persimmon: longevity, shade, no bird nests, no insect damage, frosty leaves for viewing, fine fruit, and fallen leaves smooth enough for calligraphy practice. Eating persimmon with crab causes abdominal pain; eating persimmon while drinking alcohol induces intoxication easily.
My ancestor said: The flesh and veins resemble meridians; sweet taste and slippery nature benefit orifices. Ripening late, it embodies Autumn Metal transformation; falling leaves receive the warmth of fertile Fire. Furthermore, the pedicle implies governance, absorption, descent, transport, and smooth flow, thus counteracting rebellious Qi that cannot be exhaled voluntarily. It is not solely about descending, but specifically preventing rebellion.
[Analysis] It is said: Persimmon is a red fruit. Those that are blackish-green are [Unclear], such as the Lianghou Wu [Unclear] persimmon. *Er Ya Yi* notes: Persimmon is rare in classics, appearing only in the thirty-one miscellaneous delicacies added in *Nei Ze*. Its utility lies in lacquer production; crab transforms into water. Crab excels in fat/grease, lacquer in resin/oil; grease releases, oil coagulates, which is evident. Persimmon is originally astringent but becomes sweet when ripe. The pedicle retains its inherent astringency without change. Astringency is extreme sour contraction. It enters the Taiyin Lung Meridian, serving as a substance-based medicine for the Lung. Diseases of the Lung include rebellious Qi, cough, chest fullness. Deficiency leads to hiccups and Qi disorders due to loss of the Lung's rigid nature (Metal) and adaptive function. Astringency relates to substance, slipperiness to function; persimmon possesses both.
(Persimmon flesh is sweet, pedicle astringent; like melon flesh sweet but pedicle bitter. Sucking fluid concentrates at the pedicle, showing the central pivot's distinction between opening and closing. Bitterness surges and drains awaiting astringency, moving up then down to follow opening; astringency descends and肃ifies awaiting release, moving down then up to follow closing. Understanding astringency, opening, release, and closing applies not only to the dual indications of the pedicle but also to the actions of formulas.)