通、行水。
苦甘淡平。泄滞利窍。入膀胱肾经。升而能降。开腠发汗。利湿行水。与茯苓同。而泄
较甚
。治伤寒瘟疫大热。（经疏曰∶大热利小便、亦分消之意。）懊 消渴。（湿热。）肿胀淋浊。
泻痢 疟。（疟多由暑、暑必兼湿、经曰∶夏伤于暑、秋为 疟。）宗 曰。损肾昏目。洁古
云。淡渗燥亡津液。无湿者勿服。多生枫树下。块如猪屎。故名。（马屎曰通、猪屎曰苓、
苓即屎也、古字通用。）白而实者良。去皮。
泻、消积杀虫。
苦寒有小毒。入胃、大肠经。功专消积杀虫。（遁斋闲览云∶杨 得异疾、每发语、腹
中有
小声应之、久渐声大、有道士曰∶此应声虫也、但读本草、取不应者治之、读至雷丸不应、
服数粒而愈。）杀虫之外无他长。能令人阴痿。竹之余气。得霹雳而生。故名。大小如栗。
竹刀刮去黑皮。甘草水浸一宿。酒拌蒸或炮。浓朴、芫花为使。恶葛根。（小儿出汗有热、
雷丸末二两、粉四两、扑之。）
补筋骨、散风湿。
苦坚肾。助筋骨而固齿长发。甘益血。止崩漏而下乳安胎。舒筋络而利关节。和血脉而
除痹
痛。外科散疮疡。追风湿。海外深山地暖。不蚕桑。无采捋之苦。气化浓密。自然生出。有
言鸟衔他子。遗树而生者非也。他树多寄生。恐反有害。茎叶并用。忌火。（胎动腹痛、桑
寄生两半、阿胶、艾叶各半两、水盏半、煎一盏、去滓温服、或去艾叶、又治膈气、生桑寄
生、捣汁一盏服之。）以上寓木类。
（猪苓）能通利水道，行气利水。
味苦、甘、淡，性平。能泄除滞气，通利窍道。归入膀胱经和肾经。药性升发而能下降，能开启腠理（皮肤毛孔），发汗解表，利湿行水。功效与茯苓相似，但利水作用更强。
治疗伤寒瘟疫引起的大热。（《本草经疏》说：大热时利小便，也是分消邪气的意思。）治疗心中烦闷懊恼、消渴症。（由湿热引起。）治疗肿胀、淋证、尿浊。治疗泻痢、疟疾。（疟疾多由暑邪引起，暑邪必然兼夹湿气，《内经》说：夏季感受暑邪，秋季发为疟疾。）李时珍说：（长期服用会）损伤肾脏，导致视力昏花。张元素（洁古）说：淡渗之品容易耗伤津液，体内无湿者不要服用。
猪苓多生长在枫树下，块状物像猪屎，因此得名。（马粪叫“通”，猪粪叫“苓”，“苓”即屎的意思，古字通用。）白色且质地坚实的为佳。使用时需去皮。
（雷丸）能泻下积滞，消除积聚，杀灭寄生虫。
味苦，性寒，有小毒。归胃经和大肠经。功效专门在于消除积滞和杀灭寄生虫。（《遁斋闲览》记载：杨氏得了一种怪病，每次说话时，腹中有小声回应，久而久之声音变大，有位道士说：这是应声虫，只需诵读《本草》，取其中不回应的那一味药来治疗，读到雷丸时不应声，服用几粒后痊愈。）除了杀虫之外没有其他长处。能导致男子阳痿。雷丸是竹子的余气，得到雷电霹雳而生，因此得名。大小如栗子。用竹刀刮去黑皮，用甘草水浸泡一夜，或用酒拌蒸或炮制。厚朴、芫花为其使药。畏葛根。（小儿出汗发热，可用雷丸末二两，米粉四两，扑撒在身上。）
（桑寄生）能补益筋骨，散除风湿。
味苦，能坚补肾气。帮助筋骨，坚固牙齿，促进头发生长。味甘，能益血。治疗崩漏，促进乳汁分泌，安胎。舒缓筋络，滑利关节。调和血脉，祛除痹痛。外科用于消散疮疡。追逐风湿。海外深山地区地气温暖，不养蚕种桑，没有采摘的辛苦。气化浓厚致密，自然生长出来。有人说鸟衔他树种子遗落树上而生，这种说法是不对的。其他树木多有寄生，恐怕反而有害。茎和叶均可使用，忌用火炒。（胎动腹痛，用桑寄生一两半，阿胶、艾叶各半两，加水一盏半，煎至一盏，去渣温服；或者去掉艾叶，又用于治疗膈气，用新鲜桑寄生捣汁一盏服用。）以上属于寓木类药材。
(Polyporus) Can unblock and promote water metabolism, and facilitate the flow of water.
Bitter, sweet, and bland in flavor; neutral in nature. It drains stagnation and opens orifices. It enters the Bladder (Pang Guang) and Kidney (Shen) meridians. Its action is ascending yet capable of descending, opening the interstices (Cou Li, pores of the skin) to induce sweating, promoting diuresis to remove dampness and facilitate water metabolism. Its efficacy is similar to that of Poria (Fuling), but its draining action is stronger.
It treats severe fever caused by Cold Damage (Shanghan) and pestilence. (According to *Bencao Jing Shu*: Promoting urination during severe fever is also a method of dispersing and eliminating pathogenic factors.) It treats restlessness and mental agitation (Ao Nao), and thirst with excessive fluid consumption (Xiao Ke) [caused by damp-heat]. It treats edema, stranguria (Lin Zheng), and turbid urine. It treats dysentery and diarrhea, and malaria. (Malaria is often caused by summerheat; summerheat invariably combines with dampness. The *Neijing* states: "Injury by summerheat in summer leads to malaria in autumn.") Li Shizhen stated that it damages the Kidney and causes blurred vision. Zhang Yuansu (Jiegu) said that bland and permeating herbs easily consume body fluids; those without dampness should not take it.
Polyporus grows mostly under maple trees. Its tuberous mass resembles pig feces, hence the name. (Horse feces is called "Tong", pig feces is called "Ling"; "Ling" means feces, and these characters were interchangeable in ancient times.) Those that are white and solid are superior. The outer skin should be removed before use.
(Lei Wan / Omphalia lapidescens) Can purge accumulation and kill parasites.
Bitter in flavor; cold in nature; slightly toxic. It enters the Stomach (Wei) and Large Intestine (Da Chang) meridians. Its function is specifically to eliminate accumulation and kill parasites. (*Dunzhai Xianlan* records: Yang suffered from an unusual illness; whenever he spoke, a small voice echoed from his abdomen, which gradually grew louder. A Daoist priest said, "This is the echoing worm. Recite the materia medica and select the herb that does not elicit a response for treatment." When reciting Lei Wan, there was no response. He took a few pills and recovered.) Apart from killing parasites, it has no other merits. It can cause impotence. Lei Wan is the residual qi of bamboo, born from lightning strikes, hence the name. It is as large as a chestnut. Scrape off the black skin with a bamboo knife. Soak overnight in licorice water, then steam or stir-fry with wine. Magnolia Bark (Houpo) and Genkwa Flower (Yuanhua) act as guiding herbs. It is incompatible with Kudzu Root (Gegen). (For children with sweating and fever, mix two liang of Lei Wan powder with four liang of rice flour and dust it on the body.)
(Sang Jisheng / Taxillus Chinensis) Can tonify sinews and bones, and dispel wind-dampness.
Bitter in flavor, it strengthens the Kidney. It assists sinews and bones, consolidates teeth, and promotes hair growth. Sweet in flavor, it benefits blood. It stops metrorrhagia and metrostaxis (Beng Lou), promotes lactation, and calms the fetus. It relaxes sinews and collaterals, facilitates joint mobility, harmonizes blood vessels, and removes bi-syndrome pain. In surgery, it is used to dissipate carbuncles and sores. It pursues wind-dampness. In warm deep mountains overseas, silkworms are not raised and mulberry trees are not cultivated, avoiding the hardship of picking. Its vital energy is dense and rich, growing naturally. Some claim birds carry seeds from other trees and deposit them to grow; this is incorrect. Other trees often have parasites that may be harmful. Both stems and leaves can be used; avoid fire processing. (For restless fetus with abdominal pain, decoct one and a half liang of Sang Jisheng, half a liang of Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao), and half a liang of Mugwort Leaf (Ai Ye) in one and a half cups of water until reduced to one cup. Strain and take warm. Alternatively, remove Ai Ye. It also treats Qi stagnation in the diaphragm: take fresh Sang Jisheng, crush it to extract one cup of juice, and drink it.) These belong to the category of parasitic woody plants.