五果 山果 夷果 味类 类 水果
泻肺、解肌、润燥。
辛苦甘温而利。有小毒。泻肺降气。行痰解肌。除风散寒。利胸膈气逆。通大肠气秘。
（东
垣曰∶杏仁下喘治气、桃仁疗狂治血、俱治大便秘、当分气血、脉浮属气、昼便难而阳气秘
者、用杏仁陈皮、脉沉属血、夜便难而阴血秘者、用桃仁陈皮、肺与大肠相表里、贲门在上
、魄门在下、为气之通道、故并以陈皮佐之。杏仁紫菀、并能解肺郁、利小便。）润燥消
积。（索面豆粉、近之则烂。）治时行头痛。上焦风燥。咳逆上气。（炒研蜜丸、含咽。）烦热
喘促。其毒性又能杀虫。治疮。制锡毒、狗毒。（消狗肉积。）因虚而咳嗽便闭者忌之。双仁
者杀人。去皮尖炒研。发散、连皮尖研。得火良。恶葛根、黄芩、黄耆。杏子、酸热。有小
毒。损人。孕妇忌。
润肺下气。
甘平。止咳下气，消心腹逆闷。有湿痰者勿服。（以其性润也。凡仁皆润。）形扁、皮白。
尖弯如鹦哥嘴者真。（形圆皮黄尖直者、名甜杏仁、出山东河南、不入药。）
涩肠敛肺。
酸涩而温脾肺。血分之果。涩肠敛肺。（肺欲收、急食酸以收之。）止血涌痰。消肿解毒。
生
津止渴。（时珍曰∶梅、花于冬而实于夏、得木之全气、故最酸、胆为甲木、肝为乙木、人
舌下有四窍、两通胆液、故食酸则津生。）醒酒杀虫。治久嗽泻痢。（血痢尤良。梁庄肃公
血痢、陈应之用乌梅、胡黄连、灶下土等分为末、茶调服而愈、曾鲁公血痢百余日、国医不
能疗、应之用盐梅肉一枚、研烂、合腊茶入醋服、一啜而安。）瘴疟霍乱。吐逆反胃。下血
血崩。安蛔厥。（蛔虫上攻而眩仆、虫得酸则伏、）去黑痣。蚀恶肉。（疽愈后有肉突起、烧
存
两日而平。）病有当发表者。大忌酸收。误食必为害。青梅熏黑为
泽不蠹。大便不通、气奔
欲死者、乌梅十颗、汤浸去核、丸枣
大、纳入下部、少时即通。）产安吉者。肉浓多脂、最佳。（合溪者次之、长沙梅、福建梅、
肉薄无脂、不堪用。）
白梅 酸涩咸平。功用略同乌梅。治痰厥僵仆。牙关紧闭。（取肉揩擦牙龈、涎出
即开、盖
酸先入筋、齿软即易开、若用铁器搅开、恐伤其齿。）惊痫喉痹。梅核膈气。（取半青半黄梅
子、每个用盐一两、淹一日夜、晒干、又浸又晒、至水尽乃止、用青钱三个夹二梅、麻线缚
定、通装磁罐内、封埋地下、百日取出、每用一枚含之、咽汁入喉即消、收一年者、治一人
、收二年者、治二人、神效。）敷乳痈肿毒。刺入肉中。（捣烂罨之、即出、疮中弩肉、捣饼
贴之、即收。）刀箭伤肤。（捣敷、血即止。）多食损齿伤筋。（经曰∶酸走筋、筋病无多食酸
、若过食而齿 者、嚼胡桃肉以解之。）盐渍为白梅。（取大青梅以盐汁渍之、日晒夜渍、十
日成矣、久乃上霜、故又名盐梅。衣生霉点者、梅叶煎汤、洗之即去、清水揉梅叶、洗蕉
葛衣、经夏不脆、有验。）根叶、治休息痢及霍乱。煮浓汁饮之。
五果、山果、夷果，味道类别相似，都属于水果类。
杏仁：具有泻肺、解肌（解除肌肉层面的邪气）、润燥的功效。
其味辛苦甘，性温，具有通利作用。有小毒。能泻肺气、降逆气，行化痰浊、解除肌表之邪，祛除风邪、散寒邪，通畅胸膈间的气机逆乱，通导大肠的气滞便秘。
李东垣说：杏仁用于降喘、调理气分；桃仁用于治疗狂证、调理血分；两者都能治疗大便秘结，但应当区分是气病还是血病。脉浮属于气分问题，白天排便困难且阳气郁闭的，用杏仁配陈皮；脉沉属于血分问题，夜间排便困难且阴血郁闭的，用桃仁配陈皮。肺与大肠互为表里，贲门在上，魄门（肛门）在下，这是气运行的通道，所以都用陈皮作为辅助。杏仁和紫菀都能解开肺部的郁结，通利小便。
此外还能润燥、消除积滞。（注意：索面和豆粉若靠近存放会变烂。）
治疗时行感冒引起的头痛，上焦的风燥，咳嗽气逆。（将杏仁炒熟研碎，用蜂蜜制成丸药，含在口中慢慢咽下。）
治疗烦热、气喘急促。其毒性又能杀虫。治疗疮疡。能化解锡毒、狗毒。（帮助消化狗肉积滞。）因身体虚弱而导致的咳嗽和大便闭结者忌用。双仁杏仁有毒，会致人死亡。使用时需去皮尖并炒熟研碎。若要发散表邪，则连皮尖一起研碎。用火处理效果良好。畏葛根、黄芩、黄芪。杏子味酸热，有小毒，损伤人体，孕妇忌服。
乌梅：具有润肺、降气的功效。
味甘平。能止咳、降气，消除心腹部的逆闷感。有湿痰者不要服用。（因为它的性质滋润。凡是果仁都有滋润的特性。）形状扁平，皮色白，尖端弯曲像鹦鹉嘴的是真品。（形状圆、皮黄、尖直的叫甜杏仁，产于山东河南，不入药用。）
白梅：具有涩肠、敛肺的功效。
味酸涩，性温，入脾肺经。属于血分的果实。能涩肠止泻、收敛肺气。（肺喜欢收敛，急需食用酸味食物来收敛它。）能止血、涌吐痰涎，消肿解毒，生津止渴。
李时珍说：梅花于冬季开放，果实于夏季成熟，得木气的完整之气，所以味道最酸。胆属甲木，肝属乙木，人的舌下有四个窍孔，两个通向胆液，所以吃酸味食物就会生津液。
能醒酒、杀虫。治疗久咳、泄痢。（血痢尤其有效。梁庄肃公患血痢，陈应之用乌梅、胡黄连、灶心土等分为末，茶调服而痊愈；曾鲁公患血痢一百多天，国医不能治愈，陈应之用盐梅肉一枚，研烂，合腊茶加醋服用，一次喝下就安稳了。）
治疗瘴疟、霍乱，呕吐反胃，下血，血崩，安蛔厥。（蛔虫向上攻冲导致眩晕仆倒，虫子遇到酸味就会伏藏。）
去黑痣，腐蚀恶肉。（疽疮愈合后有肉突起，烧存性后敷两日即可平复。）
患有需要发表散邪的病证，大忌酸收药物。误食必然有害。
青梅熏黑成为泽梅，不生虫蛀。大便不通，气急奔迫欲死的人，用乌梅十颗，汤浸去核，做成枣子大小的丸药，纳入下部（肛门），不久即通。（产地安吉的，肉质浓多脂，最佳。（合溪的次之，长沙梅、福建梅，肉薄无脂，不堪使用。）
白梅：味酸涩咸，性平。功用略同乌梅。
治疗痰厥僵仆，牙关紧闭。（取梅肉擦拭牙龈，涎水流出即张开，盖因酸味先入筋，牙齿变软就容易张开，如果用铁器撬开，恐怕损伤牙齿。）
治疗惊痫、喉痹、梅核膈气。（取半青半黄的梅子，每个用一两盐，腌制一天一夜，晒干，再浸再晒，直到水分干尽为止，用三个青钱夹住两颗梅子，用麻线绑紧，装入磁罐内，封埋地下，百日取出，每次用一枚含在口中，咽下汁液入喉即消散。收藏一年的，治一个人；收藏两年的，治两个人，神效。）
外敷乳痈肿毒，刺入肉中的异物。（捣烂敷贴，异物即出；疮中弩肉，捣饼贴之，即收敛。）
刀箭伤肤。（捣烂敷贴，血即止。）
多食损伤牙齿和筋骨。（《内经》说：酸走筋，筋病不要多吃酸，如果过食导致牙齿松动，嚼胡桃肉可以解之。）
盐渍青梅成为白梅。（取大青梅用盐汁浸泡，日晒夜浸，十日而成，久了表面结霜，所以又名盐梅。衣服生出霉点的，用梅叶煎汤清洗即可去除，用清水揉搓梅叶洗蕉葛衣，经过夏天也不脆，有验证。）
白梅的根和叶，治疗休息痢及霍乱。煮浓汁饮用。
Five Fruits, Mountain Fruits, Barbarian Fruits: The flavors are similar; they all belong to the category of fruits.
Apricot Seed (Xingren): Has the effects of draining Lung Qi, releasing the muscle layer, and moistening dryness.
It is pungent, bitter, sweet, and warm in nature, with a draining action. It has slight toxicity. It drains Lung Qi, directs rebellious Qi downward, moves phlegm, releases the exterior, dispels wind, scatters cold, unblocks rebellious Qi in the chest and diaphragm, and unblocks constipation due to Qi stagnation in the large intestine.
Li Dongyuan said: Apricot seed treats wheezing by regulating Qi; Peach Seed (Taoren) treats mania by regulating Blood. Both treat severe constipation, but one must distinguish between Qi disorders and Blood disorders. A floating pulse indicates a Qi issue; if difficulty defecating occurs during the day due to Yang Qi stagnation, use Apricot seed with Tangerine Peel (Chenpi). A deep pulse indicates a Blood issue; if difficulty defecating occurs at night due to Yin Blood stagnation, use Peach seed with Tangerine Peel. The Lung and Large Intestine are interior-exteriorly related. The cardia is above, and the anus (Pomen) is below; this is the pathway for Qi. Therefore, Tangerine Peel is used as an assistant. Both Apricot seed and Aster Root (Ziwan) can resolve Lung depression and promote urination.
Additionally, it moistens dryness and eliminates accumulation. (Note: Noodles made from flour and bean powder will rot if stored near them.)
It treats headaches caused by epidemic pathogens, upper Jiao wind-dryness, coughing, and rebellious Qi. (Stir-fry, grind into powder, make pills with honey, and suck/swallow slowly.)
It treats irritability, heat, panting, and shortness of breath. Its toxicity can also kill parasites. It treats sores and ulcers. It resolves tin poisoning and dog poison. (Helps digest accumulated dog meat.) Contraindicated for those with cough and constipation due to deficiency. Double-kernel apricot seeds are lethal. Use peeled and tip-removed seeds, stir-fried and ground. To release the exterior, grind with skin and tips. Processing with fire is beneficial. It is incompatible with Kudzu Root (Gegen), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), and Astragalus Root (Huangqi). Apricots are sour and hot, slightly toxic, damaging to the body, and contraindicated for pregnant women.
Dark Plum (Wumei): Has the effects of moistening the Lung and directing Qi downward.
It is sweet and neutral. It stops coughing, directs Qi downward, and eliminates fullness and oppression in the heart and abdomen. Those with damp-phlegm should not take it. (Because its nature is moistening. All nuts/seeds have moistening properties.) True Wumei is flat, white-skinned, with a curved tip resembling a parrot's beak. (Round, yellow-skinned, straight-tipped ones are called Sweet Almonds, produced in Shandong and Henan, and are not used medicinally.)
White Plum (Baimei): Has the effects of astringing the intestines and consolidating the Lung.
It is sour, astringent, and warm, entering the Spleen and Lung meridians. It belongs to the fruit category affecting the Blood level. It astringes the intestines and consolidates the Lung. (The Lung desires consolidation; urgently consume sour foods to consolidate it.) It stops bleeding, induces vomiting of phlegm, reduces swelling, detoxifies, generates fluids, and relieves thirst.
Li Shizhen said: Plum flowers bloom in winter and bear fruit in summer, obtaining the complete Qi of Wood, hence its extreme sourness. Gallbladder is Jia Wood, Liver is Yi Wood. There are four orifices under the human tongue, two connecting to gallbladder fluid, so consuming sour food generates saliva.
It awakens from drunkenness, kills parasites, and treats chronic cough, diarrhea, and dysentery. (Especially effective for bloody dysentery. Liang Zhuangsu Gong suffered from bloody dysentery; Chen Yingzhi used equal parts of Wumei, Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), and Hearth Mud (Zaoxia Tu) powdered, taken with tea water, resulting in recovery. Zeng Lugong suffered from bloody dysentery for over 100 days; imperial physicians could not cure him. Chen Yingzhi used one piece of salted plum flesh, ground thoroughly, mixed with wax tea and vinegar, taken once, resulting in stability.)
It treats miasmic malaria, cholera, vomiting, reverse flow of stomach contents, lower bleeding, metrorrhagia, and calms ascariasis convulsions. (Ascaris attacking upward causes dizziness and collapse; worms subside when encountering sourness.)
It removes black moles and corrodes malignant flesh. (After ulcer healing, if flesh protrudes, apply calcined [charred but retaining substance] powder for two days to flatten it.)
For conditions requiring exterior-releasing treatment, sour astringents are strictly contraindicated. Misuse will cause harm.
Green plums smoked until black become Ze Mei, which do not attract insects. For constipation with Qi rushing desperately towards death, use ten Wumei, soaked in water, pitted, formed into pill-sized dates, inserted into the lower orifice (anus), leading to passage shortly after. (Those from Anji, with thick flesh and abundant oil, are best. Those from Hexi are next best. Plums from Changsha and Fujian have thin flesh and no oil, and are unusable.)
White Plum (Baimei): Sour, astringent, salty, and neutral. Functions are slightly similar to Wumei.
It treats phlegm-jue with stiff collapse and locked jaw. (Apply plum flesh to rub the gums; salivation will occur, and the jaw will open. This is because sourness enters the sinews first, softening the teeth/jaw making it easy to open. Using iron tools to pry open risks dental injury.)
It treats fright-epilepsy, throat obstruction (Houbi), and plum-pit qi in the chest. (Take half-green, half-yellow plums, marinate each with one tael of salt for one day and night, sun-dry, then re-soak and re-dry until moisture is exhausted. Sandwich two plums with three green coins, tie firmly with hemp thread, place in a porcelain jar, seal, and bury underground for 100 days. Take out, use one piece per occasion, hold in mouth, swallow juice into throat to dissipate symptoms. One year aged cures one person; two years aged cures two persons, miraculous effect.)
Externally applied for mastitis and swollen toxins, and for foreign bodies embedded in flesh. (Grind and apply; foreign body exits immediately. For hypergranulation tissue in wounds, form into cake and apply to contract tissue.)
For knife and arrow wounds on skin. (Grind and apply; bleeding stops immediately.)
Excessive consumption damages teeth and sinews. (The Classic says: Sour enters sinews. Do not consume excessive sour foods if suffering from sinew diseases. If teeth become loose from overconsumption, chewing walnut meat can resolve it.)
Salt-marinated green plums become White Plums. (Take large green plums, soak in brine, sun-dry by day and soak by night, for ten days until frost appears on surface, hence also named Salt Plum. For mold spots on clothes, wash with decoction of plum leaves to remove. Washing banana/ramie fabric with rubbed plum leaf water prevents brittleness through summer, verified efficacy.)
Roots and leaves of White Plum treat chronic dysentery and cholera. Boil into strong decoction and drink.