补、益气强阴。
甘平。补虚乏。益气力。健脾胃。强肾阴。即山薯。（陈祈阳异物志云∶珠崖之人不业
耕
、唯种此、名薯粮、海中多寿、以不食五谷而食甘薯故也。）
润肺止嗽。
甘平。润肺宁心。清热止嗽。（朱二允曰∶久嗽之人、肺气必虚、虚则宜敛、百合之甘
敛、
胜于五味之酸收。）利二便。止涕泪。（涕泪、肺肝热也、经曰∶肺为涕、肝为泪、心为汗、
脾为涎、肾为唾。）治浮肿胪胀痞满。寒热疮肿乳痈。伤寒百合病。（行住坐卧不定、如有鬼
神状、苏颂曰∶病名百合、而用百合治之、不识其义、士材曰∶亦清心宁神之效。）善通二
便。中寒下陷者忌之。花白者入药。（肺病吐血、鲜百合捣汁、和水饮之、亦可煮食。）
通、爽胃消痰。
甘微寒。利膈下气。化热爽胃。消痰。（笋与竹沥功近、有人素患痰病、食笋而愈。）竹
能损
气。虚人食笋。多致疾也。（常见俗医治痘、往往劝饮笋尖汤、不知痘疮不宜大肠滑利、阴
受其害者、不知其若干人矣。）小儿尤不宜食。最难化。（干笋尤甚。）冬笋、鞭笋较胜。
以上柔滑类。
一名落苏。泻、宽肠。
甘寒而利。散血宽肠。动风发病。（宗 曰∶蔬圃中唯此无益、丹溪曰∶大肠易动者忌
之、
生生编云∶性寒利、女人能伤子宫。）
茄根（泻、散血消肿。）散血消肿。煮汁渍冻疮。（喉痹肿痛、细嚼陈久酱茄、咽
汁。）
补益，益气强阴。
味甘、性平。补虚损乏力。增强气力。健运脾胃。强壮肾阴。即山药。（陈祈阳在《异物志》中说：珠崖地区的人不从事耕作，只种植这种作物，称为薯粮；海中居民多长寿，是因为他们不吃五谷而吃甘薯的缘故。）
润肺止咳。
味甘、性平。润肺宁心。清热止咳。（朱二允说：久咳之人，肺气必然虚弱，虚弱时适宜收敛，百合的甘缓收敛之性，胜过五味子的酸收作用。）通利大小便。止涕泪。（涕和泪，是肺肝有热的表现，《内经》说：肺主涕，肝主泪，心主汗，脾主涎，肾主唾。）治疗浮肿、腹胀痞满。寒热疮肿、乳痈。伤寒百合病。（表现为行走坐卧不安，好像有鬼神作祟的样子。苏颂说：病名叫百合，用百合来治疗它，我不明白其中的道理。士材说：这也是清心宁神的功效。）善于通利大小便。中寒且气机下陷者忌用。白色的花入药。（肺病吐血，将鲜百合捣成汁，加水饮用，也可以煮食。）
通畅，爽胃消痰。
味甘、微寒。利膈下气。化热爽胃。消痰。（笋与竹沥功效相近，有人素患痰病，吃笋后痊愈。）竹子能耗气。体虚的人吃笋，多会导致疾病。（常见庸医治疗痘疮，往往劝饮笋尖汤，不知道痘疮不宜大肠滑利，受其害的人不知有多少了。）小儿尤其不宜食用。最难消化。（干笋尤其严重。）冬笋、鞭笋较好。以上属于柔滑类食物。
又名落苏。泻下，宽肠。
味甘、寒而利。散血宽肠。动风发病。（宗奭说：菜园中只有这个没有益处。丹溪说：大肠容易滑动的患者忌用。《生生编》说：性寒利，女人食用会损伤子宫。）
茄根（泻下，散血消肿。）散血消肿。煮汁浸泡冻疮。（喉痹肿痛，细嚼陈久的酱茄子，咽下汁液。）
Tonify, benefit Qi and strengthen Yin.
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Tonifies deficiency and fatigue. Augments strength. Strengthens the Spleen and Stomach. Strengthens Kidney Yin. It is also known as Dioscorea opposita (Shanyao). (Chen Qiyang stated in *Yiwuzhi*: "The people of Zhuya do not engage in farming; they only plant this crop, calling it 'Shu Liang' (Potato Grain). People living by the sea live long lives because they do not eat the five grains but instead eat sweet potatoes.")
Moisten the Lungs and stop coughing.
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Moistens the Lungs and calms the Heart. Clears heat and stops coughing. (Zhu Eryun said: "In cases of chronic cough, Lung Qi must be deficient. When deficient, astringency is appropriate. The sweet astringent property of Lily Bulb is superior to the sour astringent property of Schisandra Berry.") Promotes urination and defecation. Stops rhinorrhea and lacrimation. (Rhinorrhea and lacrimation are manifestations of Heat in the Lungs and Liver. The *Classic* states: "The Lungs manifest as rhinorrhea, the Liver as lacrimation, the Heart as sweat, the Spleen as saliva, and the Kidneys as spittle.") Treats edema, abdominal distension, and fullness. Cold-heat sores, swelling, and mastitis. Baihe Bing (Lily Disease) in Shanghan (Cold Damage). (Characterized by restlessness in walking, standing, sitting, or lying down, resembling possession by spirits. Su Song said: "The disease is named after the Lily, and treated with the Lily, but I do not understand the rationale." Shicai said: "This is also an effect of clearing the Heart and calming the Spirit.") Excellent at promoting urination and defecation. Contraindicated in cases of Middle Jiao Cold with sinking Qi. White flowers are used for medicinal purposes. (For hemoptysis due to Lung disease, fresh Lily Bulbs are crushed into juice, mixed with water, and drunk; they can also be boiled and eaten.)
Unblocking, refreshing the Stomach and resolving phlegm.
Sweet in taste, slightly cold in nature. Benefits the diaphragm and directs Qi downward. Resolves heat, refreshes the Stomach, and resolves phlegm. (Bamboo shoots have effects similar to Bamboo Sap. There was a person who suffered from chronic phlegm diseases, who was cured by eating bamboo shoots.) Bamboo can damage Qi. Consuming bamboo shoots often causes illness in people with deficiency. (It is common to see quack doctors treating smallpox, often advising patients to drink soup made from bamboo shoot tips. They do not realize that smallpox should not involve excessive lubrication of the Large Intestine, and countless people have suffered harm from this.) Children especially should not consume them. They are the hardest to digest. (Dried bamboo shoots are even worse.) Winter bamboo shoots and whip bamboo shoots are superior. The above belong to the category of soft and slippery foods.
Also known as Eggplant. Purgative, relaxing the intestines.
Sweet in taste, cold in nature, and purgative. Disperses blood and relaxes the intestines. Agitates Wind and triggers diseases. (Zong Shi said: "Among vegetables, only this one has no benefits." Danxi said: "Contraindicated for those whose Large Intestine is prone to sliding." *Shengsheng Bian* states: "Its nature is cold and purgative; women consuming it can injure the Uterus.")
Eggplant Root (Purgative, disperses blood and reduces swelling.) Disperses blood and reduces swelling. Boil the juice and soak frostbite lesions. (For painful swelling of throat obstruction [Hou Bi], chew aged pickled eggplants thoroughly and swallow the juice.)