泻肺下气。
体轻而虚。熟则四开象肺。故入肺。寒能清肺热，苦辛能降肺气。（时珍曰∶钱乙补肺
阿胶
散用之、非取其补肺、取其清热降气、则肺自安也、其中阿胶糯米、乃补肺之正药。）治痰
嗽喘促。血痔 疮。肺大肠经热。（痔属大肠、大肠与肺为表里、肺移热于大肠、故肠风痔
、清脏热则腑热亦清、千金方、单服治水肿、以能泻肺行水也。）亦可吐蛊。（汤剂中用之
、多作吐。）根名土青木香。涂诸毒热肿。肺虚挟寒者。畏之如螫。实如铃。去筋膜。用子
。
俗作瓜蒌。泻火润肺、滑肠止血、治热痰。
甘补肺。苦寒润下。能清上焦之火。使痰气下降。为治嗽要药。（肺受火迫、失下降之
令、
故生痰作嗽。）又能荡涤胸中郁热垢腻。生津止渴。（丹溪曰∶消渴神药。）清咽利肠。（通大
便、王 是斋指迷方、焙研酒调、或米饮下、治小便不通。）通乳消肿。治结胸胸痹。酒黄
热痢。二便不通。炒香酒服。止一切血。寒胃滑肠。胃虚食少。脾虚泄泻。勿投。实圆长如
熟柿。子扁多脂。去油。枸杞为使。畏牛膝、干漆。恶干姜。反乌头。（脱肛、生栝蒌汁温
服、以猪肉汁洗手、按令自入。）
泻火、润燥、治热痰。
酸能生津。甘不伤胃。微苦微寒。降火润燥。滑痰解渴。生肌排脓消肿。行水通经。止
小便
利。（膀胱热解、则水行而小便不数。）治热狂时疾。胃热疸黄。口燥唇干。肿毒发背。乳痈
疮痔。脾胃虚寒者。均宜戒用。即栝蒌根。澄粉食。大宜虚热人。畏恶同栝蒌。
泻除肺热，降逆肺气。
药物质地轻而虚松。煮熟后裂为四瓣，形态像肺脏。因此入肺经。其性寒能清泄肺热，味苦辛能降泄肺气。（李时珍说：钱乙在补肺阿胶散中使用它，并非取其补肺之功，而是取其清热降气之效，这样肺脏自然安宁。其中阿胶、糯米，才是补肺的正药。）治疗痰嗽气喘急促。血痔疮疡。肺与大肠二经的热证。（痔疮属于大肠，大肠与肺互为表里，肺将热邪移于大肠，故有肠风痔疾。清泄脏腑之热，则腑热也随之清除。《千金方》中单用本品治疗水肿，是因为它能泻肺行水。）也可以引起呕吐以排出蛊毒。（在汤剂中使用它，多作为催吐药使用。）根部名为土青木香。涂抹治疗各种毒热肿痛。肺虚兼有寒邪者，畏惧此药如被蜂蜇。果实形状如铃。去除筋膜。只使用种子。
俗称瓜蒌。泻火润肺，滑肠止血，治疗热痰。
味甘补益肺气。味苦性寒润下。能清泄上焦之火，使痰气下降。是治疗咳嗽的重要药物。（肺受火热逼迫，失去下降的指令，所以生痰作咳。）又能荡涤胸中的郁热垢腻。生津止渴。（朱丹溪说：是治疗消渴的神药。）清咽利肠。（通利大便，《王隐君指迷方》中焙干研末，用酒调服，或用米饮送下，治疗小便不通。）通乳消肿。治疗结胸、胸痹。酒黄热痢。大小便不通。炒香后用酒送服。能止一切出血。但性寒伤胃，滑肠，胃虚食少者，脾虚泄泻者，不要投用。果实实圆长如熟透的柿子。种子扁平多油脂。需去油。枸杞为使药。畏牛膝、干漆。恶干姜。反乌头。（脱肛症，生取瓜蒌汁温服，用猪肉汁洗手，按摩使其自行回纳。）
泻火，润燥，治疗热痰。
味酸能生津液。味甘不伤胃。微苦微寒。降火润燥。滑化痰涎解渴。生肌排脓消肿。行水利尿通经。止小便频数。（膀胱热解，则水液运行正常而小便不再频数。）治疗热狂时行疾病。胃热黄疸。口燥唇干。肿毒发背。乳痈疮痔。脾胃虚寒者，均宜戒用。即栝蒌根。澄清淀粉食用。大适宜虚热体质之人。畏恶同栝蒌。
To drain lung heat and descend rebellious Qi.
The substance is light and void. When cooked, it splits into four parts resembling the lungs; thus, it enters the Lung channel. Its cold nature clears Lung heat, while its bitter and acrid flavors descend Lung Qi. (Li Shizhen said: Qian Yi used it in Bufe Ejiao San [Tonifying Lung Donkey-hide Gelatin Decoction], not to tonify the Lung, but to clear heat and descend Qi, so that the Lung becomes tranquil naturally. The Ejiao [Donkey-hide Gelatin] and glutinous rice therein are the true herbs for tonifying the Lung.] It treats cough with phlegm, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Blood hemorrhoids, sores, and heat in the Lung and Large Intestine channels. (Hemorrhoids belong to the Large Intestine; the Large Intestine and Lung are exterior-interior partners. When Lung heat transfers to the Large Intestine, wind-intestinal hemorrhoids occur. Clearing the Zang organ heat also clears the Fu organ heat. In *Qianjin Fang*, taking it alone treats edema because it can drain the Lung and promote water metabolism.) It can also induce vomiting to expel gu poison. (When used in decoctions, it often acts as an emetic.) The root is named Tushengmuxiang [Radix Aristolochiae]. Applied externally to treat various toxic heat swellings. Those with Lung deficiency accompanied by cold fear this herb like being stung. The fruit is solid and bell-shaped. Remove the fibrous membrane. Use only the seeds.
Commonly known as Gualou [Trichosanthis Fructus]. Drains fire, moistens the Lung, lubricates the intestines, stops bleeding, and treats hot phlegm.
Sweet flavor tonifies the Lung. Bitter and cold nature moistens and purges downward. It can clear fire in the Upper Jiao, causing phlegm-Qi to descend. It is a key herb for treating cough. (When the Lung is forced by fire, losing its descending command, phlegm is generated and cough arises.) It can also cleanse turbid heat and greasy stagnation in the chest. Generates fluids and relieves thirst. (Zhu Danxi said: It is a divine medicine for Xiao Ke [Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome].) Clears the throat and benefits the intestines. (Promotes bowel movement. In *Wang Yisai Zhimi Fang*, roasted and powdered, taken with wine or rice water, it treats inability to urinate.) Promotes lactation and reduces swelling. Treats Jie Xiong [Chest Binding] and Xiong Bi [Chest Bi]. Jiu Huang Re Li [Heat Dysentery from Wine/Yellowing]. Obstruction of both urine and stool. Taken fried until fragrant with wine. Stops all types of bleeding. However, it is cold and damages the Stomach, lubricates the intestines. Do not use for those with Stomach deficiency and poor appetite, or Spleen deficiency with diarrhea. The fruit is solid, round, and long like a ripe persimmon. The seeds are flat and oily. Remove the oil. Goji berry [Lycii Fructus] serves as the guiding herb. It is incompatible with Niuxi [Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix] and Ganqi [Drynariae Rhizoma / Pteridis Massae]. It opposes Ganjiang [Zingiberis Rhizoma]. It is contrary to Wutou [Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata]. (For rectal prolapse, take fresh Gualou juice warm, wash hands with pork broth, and massage to return it manually.)
Drains fire, moistens dryness, treats hot phlegm.
Acid flavor generates fluids. Sweet flavor does not damage the Stomach. Slightly bitter and slightly cold. Descends fire and moistens dryness. Slides phlegm and relieves thirst. Generates flesh, discharges pus, reduces swelling. Moves water, unblocks menstruation. Stops frequent urination. (When bladder heat resolves, water moves freely and urination is no longer frequent.) Treats manic delirium and epidemic febrile diseases. Stomach heat jaundice. Dry mouth and lips. Toxic sores on the back. Breast abscesses, sores, and hemorrhoids. Those with Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold should strictly avoid it. This is the root of Gualou. Clarified starch can be eaten. Highly suitable for those with deficiency-heat. Its incompatibilities are the same as Gualou [Fructus Trichosanthis].