\r细辛\pq8a1.bmp\r
性味辛温。能发少阴之汗。轻扬香烈。可宣肺部之邪。散心下之水停。蠲除呕咳。解
肾经之热郁。从治咽疮。性属纯阳。用宜审慎。（细辛其根极细。其味极辛。故名。香窜温
热之性。气味俱浓。专入肺肾二经。解散风寒。宣利上焦诸窍浮热。蠲除心下停饮。伤寒入
足少阴经。并用此发之。细辛之与麻黄。犹独活之与羌活耳。细辛产华山之北。其色黄。其
中空。与麻黄相似。但麻黄用苗。细辛用根。细辛香而麻黄不香。故麻黄入足太阳气分。细
辛入足少阴血分。表里各异也。）
\r防风\pq8a.bmp\r
走太阳兼达肺通肝。表解风疏。甘辛温之力。得黄 则寓宣于补。痹舒邪化。随所引
俱宜。且为脾胃引经。风能胜湿。都道卑微卒伍。润可柔枯。（防风能通行一身。防御外风
。故名。为散药中润剂。太阳主一身之表。风气通于肝。肺主皮毛。故皆入之。补脾胃药用
之为引者。以疏风则木不郁。湿去则土自健耳。非防风能补也。防风本足太阳发汗疏风之药
。而云能去经络留湿者。湿从汗出也。黄 固表。防风泻表。黄 畏防风。然得防风其功愈
大。）
\r羌活\pq8.bmp\r
辛温雄壮。散肌表八风之邪。独走太阳。利周身百节之痛。湿留于表。由汗能宣。病
在于颠。惟风可到。（羌活一云产自西羌胡地。其形较独活为雄。其气较独活为猛。其主治
虽与防风相似。而尤过之。以防风之散风。甘而润。羌活之散风。辛而燥为异耳。余详独活
条。羌活入足太阳气分。雄而善散。以治游风。与独活之气香。入足少阴血分。以治伏风者
。辛苦温燥则同。而主治不同也。）
细辛
性味辛、温。能够发少阴经的汗。其质地轻扬，气味香烈。可以宣散肺部的邪气。消散心下的水饮停聚。消除呕吐和咳嗽。解除肾经的热郁。采用反治法治疗咽部疮疡。药性属于纯阳，使用应当审慎。（细辛的根非常细，味道极其辛辣，因此得名。它具有香窜、温热的性质，气味都很浓烈，专门进入肺、肾两经。解散风寒，宣通上焦各窍道的浮热，清除心下停滞的水饮。伤寒病邪侵入足少阴经时，都用此药来发汗。细辛与麻黄的关系，就像独活与羌活的关系一样。细辛产于华山的北面，颜色发黄，中间空心，与麻黄相似。但麻黄用茎苗，细辛用根部。细辛有香气而麻黄没有香气，所以麻黄进入足太阳经的气分，细辛进入足少阴经的血分，表里各不相同。）
防风
通行太阳经兼达肺经和肝经。解表疏风。凭借甘、辛、温的药力。配合黄芪则寓宣散于补益之中。痹证舒展，邪气化除。随药物引导皆可适宜。且为脾胃经的引经药。风能胜湿。人们都说它地位卑微如卒伍之卒。润燥可以柔养枯槁。（防风能通行全身，防御外来的风邪，因此得名。它是发散药中的润剂。太阳经主管一身之表，风气通应于肝，肺主皮毛，所以防风都进入这些经络。在补益脾胃的药物中使用它作为引经药，是因为疏风则肝木不郁结，湿气去除则脾土自然健运罢了，并非防风本身能补益。防风本是足太阳经发汗疏风的药物，而说它能去除经络中留滞的湿气，是因为湿气随汗液排出。黄芪固护肌表，防风泻散表邪，黄芪畏惧防风，然而得到防风的配合，其功效反而更大。）
羌活
辛、温，药性雄壮。散发肌表八风的邪气。独自走窜太阳经。疏通周身关节的疼痛。湿气停留在体表，通过发汗能够宣散。病位在头顶，只有风药才能到达。（羌活一说产自西羌胡地。它的形状比独活更雄伟。它的气味比独活更猛烈。它的主治虽然与防风相似，但尤其超过防风。区别在于：防风疏散风邪，味甘而润；羌活疏散风邪，味辛而燥。其余详情见独活条目。羌活进入足太阳经的气分，雄壮善于发散，用来治疗游走性的风邪；与独活气味芳香，进入足少阴经的血分，用来治疗潜伏的风邪不同。虽然辛苦温燥的性质相同，但主治功能不同。）
Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma)
Nature and flavor: Pungent, warm. It can induce sweating from the Shaoyin channel. Its texture is light and ascending, with a pungent and aromatic intensity. It can disperse pathogenic factors in the Lung organ. It dissipates fluid retention under the heart. It eliminates vomiting and coughing. It resolves heat stagnation in the Kidney channel. It treats throat sores using the contrary treatment method. Its nature belongs to pure Yang; its use requires caution. (Xixin's roots are extremely fine, and its taste is extremely pungent, hence its name. Its properties of being aromatic, penetrating, warm, and hot are such that both aroma and flavor are strong. It specifically enters the Lung and Kidney channels. It disperses wind-cold, unblocks floating heat in the orifices of the Upper Jiao, and clears stagnant fluids under the heart. When cold damage pathogens invade the Foot-Shaoyin channel, this herb is used to induce sweating. The relationship between Xixin and Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) is similar to that between Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) and Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix). Xixin is produced north of Mount Hua; it is yellow in color and hollow inside, resembling Mahuang. However, Mahuang uses the stem and leaves, while Xixin uses the root. Xixin is aromatic whereas Mahuang is not. Therefore, Mahuang enters the Qi level of the Foot-Taiyang channel, while Xixin enters the Blood level of the Foot-Shaoyin channel; their exterior-interior distinctions differ.)
Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix)
It travels through the Taiyang channel and extends to the Lung and Liver channels. It releases the exterior and disperses wind. With its sweet, pungent, and warm power. When combined with Huangqi (Astragali Radix), it embeds dispersion within tonification. Bi syndrome relaxes, and pathogens transform. It is suitable when guided by other herbs. Furthermore, it serves as a guiding herb for the Spleen and Stomach channels. Wind can overcome dampness. It is said to be humble like a low-ranking soldier. Moistening can soften dryness. (Fangfeng can circulate throughout the body and defend against external wind, hence its name. It is a moistening agent among dispersing herbs. The Taiyang channel governs the exterior of the body; wind qi connects with the Liver; the Lung governs skin and hair; thus, it enters these channels. When used as a guiding herb in formulas that tonify the Spleen and Stomach, it is because dispersing wind prevents Liver Wood from stagnating, and removing dampness allows Earth to become healthy naturally; it does not mean Fangfeng itself has tonifying properties. Fangfeng is originally a herb for inducing sweating and dispersing wind in the Foot-Taiyang channel. The statement that it can remove retained dampness in meridians is because dampness exits via sweat. Huangqi consolidates the exterior, while Fangfeng drains the exterior. Huangqi fears Fangfeng, yet with Fangfeng, its efficacy becomes greater.)
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix)
Pungent, warm, and vigorous. It disperses pathogenic factors of the eight winds in the muscle and exterior. It exclusively travels through the Taiyang channel. It benefits pain in all joints of the body. Dampness remaining in the exterior can be dispersed through sweating. For diseases located at the vertex, only wind herbs can reach them. (Qianghuo is said to originate from the Western Qiang barbarian lands. Its shape is more robust than Duhuo. Its aroma is more intense than Duhuo. Although its indications are similar to Fangfeng, they exceed it. The difference lies in: Fangfeng disperses wind, is sweet and moist; Qianghuo disperses wind, is pungent and dry. Details are provided in the Duhuo entry. Qianghuo enters the Qi level of the Foot-Taiyang channel; it is vigorous and good at dispersing, treating wandering wind. This differs from Duhuo, whose aroma enters the Blood level of the Foot-Shaoyin channel to treat latent wind. Although both share bitter, pungent, warm, and dry properties, their therapeutic focuses differ.)