典藏书目

Shi Yu (Tench-like fish, likely *Hypophthalmichthys molitrix* or similar in ancient context, but specifically refers to a type of herring-like fish): Nature is neutral; it mildly tonifies deficiency and exhaustion, but slightly predisposes to infantile malnutrition (Gan accumulation) and chronic stubborn diseases.

Huang Sang Yu (Yellow Catfish, *Tachysurus fulvidraco*): Also known as Xing Jiu Yu (Sobering Wine Fish); has no scales; consumption is not beneficial to humans.

Bi Mu Yu (Flatfish, e.g., *Paralichthys olivaceus*): Nature is neutral; it mildly tonifies deficiency and benefits Qi and strength, but excessive consumption may slightly disturb Qi movement.

Ji Yu (Coilia nitens): Prone to inducing scabies; should not be consumed in excess.

Certain Fish (Name missing in text): Toxic; cannot be eaten. Its liver is toxic and can cause death. Because it lacks a gallbladder in the abdomen and gills in the head, it is known to be harmful. If poisoned by this fish or Lu Yu (Perch), crush Rhizoma Imperatae (Lugen) and boil for juice to drink as an antidote. Furthermore, when swimming, this fish sometimes touches objects, becomes angry, swells, and floats on the water surface, where it is eaten by young crows.

Sun Simiao said: According to *Shi Ji* (Dietary Taboos), "Do not eat the liver of this fish, or it will kill."

Certain Fish (Name missing in text): Nature is neutral; it mildly tonifies the five Zang organs, benefits sinews and bones, harmonizes the stomach and spleen, and is suitable for moderate consumption. Making it into fish paste is excellent. Dried, it is very fragrant and beautiful, non-toxic, and does not cause disease.

Huang Yu (Yellow Croaker, *Larimichthys crocea*): Nature is neutral, slightly toxic; prone to inducing various Qi disorders; should not be consumed in excess. It also induces sores and scabies, stirs wind, and should not be eaten with buckwheat, as it causes loss of voice.

Fang Yu (Bream, *Megalobrama amblycephala*): Regulates stomach Qi, unblocks the five Zang organs. Eating it with mustard sauce assists Lung Qi, removes wind from the stomach, and aids digestion. For those with undigested food, eating it as meat paste strengthens Spleen Qi and increases appetite.

Xun Yu (Sturgeon, *Acipenser sinensis*): Flavor is sweet, nature is neutral, non-toxic. Main effects: Tonifies Qi and deficiency, makes one fat and strong. Lives in rivers, back like a dragon, one to two zhang long. The flesh on the nose made into jerky is called Lu Tou (Deer Head), also named Lu Rou (Deer Meat), which tonifies deficiency. Although people value it, it is not truly beneficial. Those taking Dan Shi (mineral pills) should not eat it, as it causes Qi deficiency and induces all kinds of sores and scabies, stirring wind. Do not eat with dried bamboo shoots, or it induces paralysis and flaccidity. Children should not eat it, or it forms masses (Zheng Jia) and coughs. Adults eating it long-term may suffer sudden heart pain and sudden lower back pain. [Upper/Lower Title Mismatch] Yu Bai (Fish Mucus/White part): Main effect: Bamboo or wood splinters stuck in flesh for a long time. Apply Yu Bai around the wound; when the flesh rots, the splinter comes out. Piao (Fish Maw). Hai Yao Yun: "According to *Guangzhou Ji*, lives in the South Sea, non-toxic. Main effect: Moon-erosion sores, Yin sores, Wei sores; all burned to ash for use." Jing Yan Fang: "Treat hematemesis. Take fish maw 8 cun long, 2 cun wide, roast until yellow, scrape 2 qian or more. Use 35 segments of sugarcane to extract natural juice, mix and take."

Wen Yao Yu (Flying Ray, *Manta* or similar): Non-toxic. Women carrying it during late pregnancy facilitates delivery. Can also be burned to black ash, taken with wine, 1 qian bi. Born in the South Sea, large ones about 1 chi long, fins aligned with tail, also called Fei Yu (Flying Fish). They fly in schools above water; fishermen observe them to predict strong winds. *Wu Du Fu* says: "Wen Yao flies at night, generating smoke in the East Sea." Head like a cow.

Hai Tun Yu (Porpoise/Dolphin): Flavor salty, nature neutral, non-toxic. Meat treats Fei Shi (Flying Corpse/Ghost disease), Gu Du (Poison), Zhang Nue (Malaria). Made into jerky, tastes like beef, slightly fishy. Fat from skin rubs malignant sores, scabies, tinea, hemorrhoids, dog/mare scabies, kills parasites. Born in the sea, appears with wind and tide, body like a piglet, nose on head, sounds and sprays water up to 100 units high. Ancients tied its young in water; the mother comes to retrieve them. Young are like clam eggs, tens of thousands in groups, following the mother. There are also river porpoises, shaped like piglets, making sounds in the nose, emerging and submerging. Boatmen in the sea observe them to know of storms. Contains Qu Zhi (curved fat) for rubbing ailments; illuminates objects brightly, dims when reading/working. Folklore says lazy women transform into this creature.

Du Fu Yu (Cottus/Goby-like): Treats pediatric cryptorchidism or hernia (Cha Tui), varying sizes of nodules. Take fish, split mouth, bite affected area seven times. Born in streams, spines on back, large head, wide mouth, 2-3 cun long, black with spots like blowing sand, short.

Hai Yao Yu (Sea Hawk/Flying Fish-like): Teeth non-toxic. Treats Zhang Nue, burned to black ash, take 2 qian bi. Fish resembles hawk, has fleshy wings, flies onto rocks, also called Shi Li (Stone Oyster), also called Shao Yang Yu. Teeth like stone slabs, born in East Sea.

Certain Fish (Variant character, pronunciation Wu He Fan, verified category Wu Hui Fan): Flavor sweet, nature neutral, non-toxic, not fishy. Treats Bladder water-Qi, opens appetite. Made into paste white as snow. In Sui Dynasty, Wu Prefecture presented dried fish, sun-dried on fast days, stored in bottles. Before eating, wrap in cloth, soak in water for a long time, sprinkle off water, looks unchanged. Born in sea, size like Shi Shou (Sturgeon/Croaker).

Certain Fish: Flavor sweet, nature neutral, non-toxic. Treats five types of wild chicken hemorrhoids, bloody stool, blood stasis in abdomen. Resembles horse whip tail, bifurcated. Xun says: Certain fish is pure gray without patterns. Ancient texts use 'Shan' (Eel) for this, but being 2-3 zhang long proves it is not an eel. *Ben Jing* confuses Shan with Tuo (Alligator), a deep error. Now clarified: Certain fish has three rows of scutes, climbs Longmen to become a dragon.

Shi Certain Fish (Pronunciation Bi): Flavor sweet, nature neutral, slightly toxic. Treats sores, scabies, tinea. From South Sea, grows 1 cun in square mountain streams, back covers belly, red underneath. Southerners use it to make certain foods.

Certain Fish: Flavor sweet, nature neutral, non-toxic. Treats tinea, mash with willow leaves, heat and apply. Also treats horse sores, mix with sour/stinky substance, grain bran, and roof dust to apply. Certain fish resembles scabies but larger. All certain fish induce sores/scabies, can be combined with anti-parasitic sore medicines.

Certain Fish Fat: Treats cattle scabies, dog sores, apply for immediate cure. Fat used for caulking boats is best if fishy/stinky. Also treats abdominal masses. Take copper vessel, hold 2 sheng, burn fat over fire, warm thoroughly, apply to mass with ironing motion, place paper under abdomen, keep fire day and night, good.

Certain Fish: Flavor sweet, nature warm. Eat with garlic vinegar dip, warms and tonifies, removes cold Qi, damp-bi, Bladder water-Qi, Qi knot in throat, acid water in chest, Fu Liang (masses) in abdomen, cold masses, hernia, tonifies waist/legs, arouses Yang.

Ji Yu (Crucian Carp, *Carassius auratus*): Treats intestinal water-Qi, indigestion, diarrhea. Pediatric/adult carbuncle toxicity, wind-dizziness.

Li Yu (Common Carp, *Cyprinus carpio*): Treats cold Qi, Qi masses knotted in chest/abdomen; best taken with garlic vinegar dip.

Certain Fish: Make soup with Zucchini/Water Shield (Gu Cai), Wu people call it Jin Geng Yu (Golden Soup Jade). Opens appetite, benefits Large/Small Intestine. Do not eat near night, hard to digest, especially with cold water, causes worms in abdomen. During epidemics, eating this weakens Stomach. Do not eat with milk/cheese, causes cholera-like disorder. Generally cook with Turnip (Man Jing) to remove fishiness. Also, brain matter of all things detoxifies, hence eating fish head soup.

Chang Hou Yu: Flavor sweet, nature neutral, non-toxic. Offspring in abdomen are toxic, cause dysentery. Flesh makes one fat/strong, tonifies Qi/strength. Born in South Sea, round like crucian carp, no hard bones, roasted delicious, also Chang Shu.

Huan Yu (Grass Carp, *Ctenopharyngodon idellus*): Non-toxic. Treats throat closure, Fei Shi. Take gallbladder, mix with warm water, stir and take. Huan resembles carp, lives in rivers/lakes, Fei Shi in throat, gallbladder extremely bitter.

Certain Fish Liver and Eggs: Highly toxic. Enters mouth, rots tongue; enters abdomen, rots intestines/flesh. Mildly toxic, people also eat it. When boiling, do not let touch pot, suspend it. Also Hu Yi Yu. Touch it, it gets angry, belly balloons, also called Chen Yu (Angry Fish). White belly, red line on back like seal. Eyes differ from other fish. Found in rivers/seas; sea ones highly toxic, river ones less so. Collecting liver/eggs risks being bitten; thus rarely recorded. Only Olive Wood and Yu Ming Wood antidote. Next, Lugen and Wugu Cao root juice antidote. This poison is beyond herbal reach; Olive/Yu Ming listed in Wood section.

Certain Fish Tiger: Toxic. Back spines sting like snake bite, skin like hedgehog with thorns, head like tiger. Born in South Sea, some transform into tigers.

KT Yu (Pron Gong), Kun Yu, Qiu Yu (You same sound), Shu Wei Yu, Di Qing Yu, Certain Yu (Pu Hu Fan/Pi), Shao Yang Yu: Tail spines highly toxic. Three stings kill, two weaken, one can be saved. Wait for person urinating, nail them, causes genital swelling/pain, remove immediately heals. Sea people poisoned by stewing Certain Bamboo and Sea Otter skin to antidote. Above fish born in South Sea, have fleshy wings, tail 2 chi long, spine in tail, flicks object with tail. Eat flesh, remove spine. Certain fish already noted in Ben Jing Certain Fish annotation.

Ni Yu (Axolotl/Salamander): Eel annotation. Tao says Eel climbs trees, Su says Ni Yu climbs trees, not Eel. Ni Yu also Wang Wei, in mountain streams, resembles something with four legs, long tail, climbs trees. In drought, carries water up, covers body with leaves, birds drink, then caught. Yi/Luo areas also have, sound like crying child, hence Ni Yu. Also Certain Yu, also Ren Yu (Human Fish). Fat burns candle不灭, used in Qin Shi Huang tomb. Tao notes: Ren Yu is Ni Yu.

Toxic Fish Signs: Fish eyes with KT kill; eyes opening/closing kill; reversed gills kill; white beads in brain kill; no gills kill; asymmetrical eyes kill; connected scales kill; white Certain kill; red character on belly kill. Large River Masters toxic, eating kills.

Shui Gui (Water Turtle): Non-toxic. Treats difficult labor,产妇 wear it. Burn to ash, take with wine. South Sea, 2-3 chi long, eyes on sides.

Nue Gui (Malaria Turtle): Non-toxic. Treats chronic malaria occurring anytime, also Certain Nue. Locals call Yao Nue. Burn to ash, take 1-2 qian bi, mild purgation. Burning head better. Boil boiling water during attack, sit and soak body. Hang near patient's bed. Born under high mountain rocks, asymmetric head, large beak like Osprey, also Osprey Turtle.