马镫主田野磷火人血所化或出或没来逼夺人精气但以马镫相戛作声即灭（纲目总录诸铁
器内）
无毒 原本注好土纲目改黄土
黄土主泄痢冷热赤白腹内热毒绞结痛下血取干土水煮三五沸绞去滓暖服一二升（本草拾
遗）【名】（陈藏器云）张司空言三尺以上曰粪三尺以下曰土凡用当去上恶物勿令入客水【味】
甘【
土
汤而愈神宗召见问黄土愈疾之故乙对曰以土胜水水得其平则风自退尔上悦擢太医丞（又夷坚
志云）吴少师得疾数月消瘦每日饮食入咽如万虫攒攻且痒且病皆以为劳瘵迎明医张锐诊之锐
令明旦勿食遣卒诣十里外取行路黄土至以温酒二升搅之投药百粒饮之觉痛几不堪及登溷下马
蝗千余宛转其半已困死吴亦惫甚调理三日乃安因言夏月出师燥渴饮涧水一杯似有物入咽遂得
此疾锐云虫入人脏势必孳生饥则聚咂精血饱则散处脏腑苟知杀之而不能扫取终无益也是以请
公枵腹以诱之虫久不得土味又喜酒故乘饥毕集一洗而空之公大喜浓赂谢之以礼送归○（小儿
秘诀云）乌沙惊风遍身多乌者急推向下将黄土一碗捣末入久醋一钟炒热包定熨之引下至足刺
破为妙○（陈藏器本草云）治卒患心痛画地作五字撮取中央土水和一升服良○（肘后方）治
目卒
无所见用黄土搅水中澄清洗之○（救急方）治小儿吃土用干黄土一块研末浓煎黄连汤调下○
又
方治牛马肉毒及肝毒取好土三升水煮清一升服即愈一方入头发寸截和之发皆贯肝而出也○
（谈野翁方）治汤火伤灼醋调黄土涂之○（集简方）治蜈蚣螫伤画地作土字内取土糁之即愈
○
（千金方）治蜂蚁叮螫反手取地上土敷之或入醋调涂○又方治蠼 尿疮画地作蠼 形以刀细
取
腹中土唾和涂之再涂即愈（孙真人云）予得此疾经五六日不愈或教此法遂瘳乃知万物相感莫
晓
其由也○（孙真人千金方）治 扑将死一切伤损从高坠下及木石所迮落马扑车淤血凝滞气绝
将
死者亦活用净土五升蒸热以故布重裹作二包更互熨之勿大热恐破肉候痛止则已此神效之方
【合治】（孙氏集效方）治内痔痛肿朝阳黄土黄连末皮硝各一两用猪胆汁同研如泥每日旋丸
枣
大纳入肛内过一夜随大便去之内服乌梅黄连二味丸药○（摄生方）治秋疮未破干黄土末童尿
入
鸡子清调涂刷上干即上随以热水洗去复刷复洗数十次以紫转红为度仍刷两胯以防血攻阴也
【禁】（陈藏器云）土气久触令人面黄掘土犯地脉令人上气身肿掘土犯神杀令人生肿毒【解】
（陈藏器云）
马镫（铁制马蹬）主治由田野磷火和人血所变化而成的邪祟。这种邪祟时而出现、时而隐没，来逼迫掠夺人的精气。只要用马镫相互敲击发出声音，它就会立刻消失。（收录于《本草纲目》总录各类铁器条目内）
无毒。原本注解说这是好土，《本草纲目》改为“黄土”。
黄土主治泄泻和痢疾，无论是冷痢还是热痢，无论是赤痢还是白痢，以及腹内热毒绞结疼痛、便血。取干黄土用水煮三到五沸，绞去药渣，趁暖服用一到二升。（出自《本草拾遗》）
【名】（陈藏器说）张司空曾说：三尺以上称为粪，三尺以下称为土。凡是使用黄土时，应当去掉上层的污秽之物，不要让它们混入客水（指非井泉的自然降水或外来之水）中。
【味】甘。
（《汤液本草》记载）宋神宗召见询问黄土治愈疾病的原因。乙回答说：“因为土能克水，水得其平则风自退。”皇上很高兴，提拔他为太医丞。（另外《夷坚志》记载）吴少师患病数月，身体消瘦，每天饮食咽下时感觉像有万虫聚集攻击，又痒又痛，大家都认为是劳瘵（肺结核类消耗性疾病）。请来名医张锐诊治。张锐命令第二天早晨不要进食，派士兵到十里外取行路黄土。回来后用温酒两升搅拌黄土，投入药丸一百粒让他服下。患者觉得疼痛几乎难以忍受，等到上厕所时排出马蝗（一种寄生虫）一千多只，其中一半已经困死。吴少师也极度疲惫，调理三天后才安定下来。于是他说夏天出兵时口渴，喝了一杯涧水，好像有东西进入咽喉，因此得了这个病。张锐说：“虫子进入人体内脏，势必会繁殖生长。饥饿时就聚集吸食精血，吃饱后就分散居住在脏腑中。如果只知道杀死它们而不能清扫出来，终究没有益处。所以我请先生空腹以引诱它们。虫子很久没有得到土的味道，又喜欢酒，所以趁着饥饿全部聚集在一起，一洗而空。”吴少师非常高兴，用丰厚的礼物致谢，以礼送他回去。
（《小儿秘诀》记载）治疗乌沙惊风（一种小儿急惊风），遍身发黑者，急忙向下推引，将一碗黄土捣成末，加入一钟久醋炒热，包裹固定熨烫患处，引导病气下行至足部，刺破排脓为妙。
（陈藏器《本草》记载）治疗突然发作的心痛，在地上画五个字，撮取中央的土，加水一升服用，效果良好。
（《肘后备急方》记载）治疗眼睛突然失明看不见东西，用黄土搅在水中，澄清后清洗眼睛。
（《救急方》记载）治疗小儿吃土癖，用一块干黄土研成末，用浓煎的黄连汤调服。
又一方治疗牛马肉毒及肝毒，取好土三升，水煮取清汁一升服用，立即痊愈。另一方加入寸截的人头发一起和服，头发都能从肝脏排出。
（谈野翁方）治疗汤火烫伤，用醋调和黄土涂抹患处。
（《集简方》记载）治疗蜈蚣螫伤，在地上画一个土字，从中取土撒在伤口上，立即痊愈。
（《千金方》记载）治疗蜂蚁叮咬螫伤，反手取地上的土敷在患处，或者加醋调涂。
又一方治疗蠼 尿疮（一种皮肤疮疡），在地上画蠼 的形状，用刀细细刮取腹中的土，用唾液调和涂抹，再涂一次即可痊愈。（孙真人说）我得了这个病经过五六天不好，有人教这个方法，于是痊愈了。才知道万物之间相互感应，不知道其中的缘由。
（孙真人《千金方》）治疗被摔打致死、一切损伤，从高坠落以及被木石压伤、落马、车祸等导致淤血凝滞、气绝将死者，也可使用。用净土五升蒸热，用旧布层层包裹做成两个包，交替熨烫患处。不要太热以免烫伤皮肤，等到疼痛停止即可。这是神效的方子。
【合治】（孙氏《集效方》）治疗内痔肿痛，取朝阳黄土、黄连末、皮硝各一两，用猪胆汁同研如泥状，每天现做枣核大小的丸药纳入肛门内，过一夜随大便排出。内服乌梅黄连二味丸药。
（《摄生方》）治疗秋疮未破，用干黄土末、童尿、鸡蛋清调和涂刷，干了就上去，随即用热水洗去，反复刷洗数十次，直到颜色由紫转红为止。仍然要刷洗两胯以防血攻阴部。
【禁】（陈藏器说）土气长期接触使人面色发黄；掘土触犯地脉使人上气、身体肿胀；掘土触犯神灵杀人，令人产生肿毒。
【解】（陈藏器说）
Mading (Iron Stirrup) is indicated for pathogenic influences transformed from phosphorescent fire in fields and human blood. These influences appear and disappear intermittently, coming to force and deprive the person of Jing-Qi (Essence and Qi). Making a sound by clashing Mading together will cause them to vanish immediately. (Recorded under the general entry of various iron articles in *Bencao Gangmu*)
Non-toxic. The original annotation notes it as "good earth," while *Bencao Gangmu* revises it to "Huangtu" (Yellow Earth).
Huangtu (Yellow Earth) [EARTHIS] is indicated for diarrhea and dysentery, whether cold or hot, red or white; also for heat-toxin accumulation in the abdomen causing cramping pain and bloody stool. Take dry Huangtu, boil in water for three to five boils, strain off the dregs, and drink one to two sheng warm. (From *Bencao Shiyi*)
[Name] (Chen Zangqi states) Zhang Sikong said: Material above three chi is called feces; material below three chi is called earth. When using Huangtu, one must remove the upper foul matter and prevent it from mixing with "ke shui" (external water sources).
[Taste] Sweet.
(Recorded in *Tangye Bencao*) Emperor Shenzong summoned [the physician] to ask about the reason why Huangtu cured diseases. Yi replied, "Because Earth conquers Water; when Water is balanced, Wind naturally recedes." The Emperor was pleased and promoted him to Taishi Cheng. (Additionally, *Yijian Zhi* records:) Minister Wu suffered from illness for several months, becoming emaciated. Every time he swallowed food, he felt as if ten thousand insects were swarming and attacking him, causing both itching and pain. Everyone believed it was Laozai (Consumption/TB). He invited the famous physician Zhang Rui. Zhang Rui ordered him not to eat on the following morning and sent soldiers to fetch road soil from ten li away. Upon return, he stirred the soil in two sheng of warm wine, administered one hundred pills, and had him drink. The patient felt unbearable pain. Later, upon defecating, over a thousand "Ma Huang" (parasitic worms) were excreted, half of which were already dead. Minister Wu was extremely exhausted but stabilized after three days of recuperation. He then explained that during summer military campaigns, due to thirst, he drank a cup of stream water, feeling something enter his throat, which caused this illness. Zhang Rui stated, "When parasites enter the internal organs, they inevitably multiply. When hungry, they gather to suck essence and blood; when full, they scatter within the organs. Merely killing them without clearing them out is ultimately useless. Therefore, I asked you to fast to lure them. Having been deprived of the taste of earth for a long time and liking wine, they gathered all at once when hungry, allowing for a complete wash-out." Minister Wu was greatly delighted, thanked him with rich gifts, and saw him off with courtesy.
(Recorded in *Xiao'er Mijue*) For treating Wusha Jingfeng (Black-head Convulsion), where the body turns black, urgently push the pathogen downward. Take one bowl of Huangtu, grind into powder, mix with one zhong of aged vinegar, stir-fry until hot, wrap securely, and apply as a hot compress to guide the pathogen down to the feet. Puncturing to drain pus is advisable.
(Chen Zangqi's *Bencao*) Treats sudden onset of heart pain. Draw five characters on the ground, scoop the central earth, mix with one sheng of water, and drink. Effective.
(*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*) Treats sudden blindness. Stir Huangtu in water, let settle, and use the clear liquid to wash the eyes.
(*Jiuji Fang*) Treats geophagia (pica) in children. Take a piece of dry Huangtu, grind into powder, and administer mixed with strong decoction of Huanglian Tang (Coptis Decoction).
Another prescription treats toxicity from beef, horse, or mutton meat, and liver toxicity. Take three sheng of good earth, boil in water, take one sheng of the clear liquid. Cures immediately. Another method adds one-cun cut human hair; the hair will be expelled through the Liver.
(Tan Yeweng's Formula) Treats scalds and burns. Mix Huangtu with vinegar and apply topically.
(*Jijian Fang*) Treates centipede bites. Draw an earth character on the ground, take the soil from inside, and sprinkle on the wound. Cures immediately.
(*Qianjin Fang*) Treats bee and ant stings. Take ground soil with the back of the hand and apply, or mix with vinegar for topical application.
Another method treats Qu Niao Chuang (a type of skin ulcer). Draw the shape of Qu Niao on the ground, carefully scrape the subsoil with a knife, mix with saliva, and apply. Apply again for cure. (Sun Simiao said): "I suffered from this ailment for five or six days without improvement. Someone taught me this method, and I recovered. Thus, I know that all things interact mutually, though I do not understand the mechanism."
(Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang*) Treats severe trauma leading to apparent death, including falls from heights, crushing by wood/stone, falling from horses, or carriage accidents resulting in stagnant blood, qi obstruction, and impending death. Use five sheng of pure earth, steam until hot, wrap in old cloth to make two packs, and alternate applying hot compresses. Do not make it too hot to avoid burning the skin. Stop when pain ceases. This is a miraculous formula.
[Combined Treatment] (*Sun Shi Jixiao Fang*) Treats painful swelling of internal hemorrhoids. Take Huangtu exposed to morning sun, Huanglian Mo (Coptis Powder), and Pixiao (Mirabilite), each one liang. Grind together with pig bile to form a paste. Roll into pill-sized balls the size of a jujube pit daily, insert into the anus, leave overnight, and pass with stool. Internally administer pills made of Wumei (Smoked Plum) and Huanglian.
(*Shesheng Fang*) Treats autumn sores that have not yet broken. Mix dry Huangtu powder, Tong Niao (Child's Urine), and Ji Zi Qing (Egg White), apply topically. When dry, wash off with hot water. Repeat brushing and washing dozens of times until the color changes from purple to red. Also brush the groin area to prevent blood from attacking the yin region.
[Contraindications] (Chen Zangqi states) Long-term contact with earth qi causes yellow complexion; digging earth violates the earth's pulse, causing upward qi rebellion and body swelling; digging earth offends the spirits, causing people to develop swellings and toxic sores.
[Antidote] (Chen Zangqi states)