\r卖子木\ph385.bmp\r,《本经》不载所出州土。注云∶出剑南邛州,今惟渠州有之。
每岁土贡,谓之买子
木
。株高五、七尺,木径寸许;春生嫩枝条,叶尖,长一、二寸,俱青绿色;枝梢淡紫色;四
、五月开碎花,百十枝围簇作大朵,焦红色;随花便生子如椒目,在花瓣中黑而光洁,每株
花裁三、五大朵耳。五月采其枝叶用。
\r橡实\ph386.bmp\r,栎木子也。《本经》不载所出州土,云所在山谷皆有,今亦然。
木高二、三丈;三、
四月开黄花;八、九月结实,其实为皂斗,槲、栎皆有斗,而以栎为胜。不拘时采其皮并实
用。《尔雅》云∶栎,其实球。释曰∶栎,似樗之木也。球,盛实之房也。其实橡也,有球
汇自裹。《诗·秦风》云∶山有苞栎。陆机云∶秦人谓柞为栎。又《唐风》云∶集于苞栩。
陆机云∶今柞栎也,徐州人谓栎为杼,或谓之栩。今京洛及河内谓栎亦为杼。五方通语也,
然则柞栎也,杼也,栩也,皆橡栎之通名也。
\r槲若\ph387.bmp\r,《本经》不载所出州土,今处处山林多有之。木高丈余,若即叶
也,与栎相类。亦有
斗,但小不中用耳。不拘时采。其叶并皮用。葛洪洗诸败烂疮、乳疮,并用此皮切三升,水
一斗,煮五升,春夏冷用,秋冬温用,洗疮洗毕,乃傅诸膏,谓之赤龙皮汤。又治毒攻下部
生疮者,槲皮合榉,煮汁如饴糖,以导之。《千金翼方》疗蛊毒,以槲木北阴白皮一大握,
长五寸,以水三升,煮取一升,空腹分服,即吐蛊出也。
卖子木,在《神农本草经》中未记载其出产的州县。注释说:产于剑南道的邛州,如今只有渠州有出产。每年作为土特产进贡,称为买子木。植株高五、七尺,树干直径约一寸;春天生出嫩枝条,叶片尖端,长一、二寸,都是青绿色;枝梢呈淡紫色;四、五月开出细碎的小花,上百十根枝条簇拥成一大朵花,颜色焦红;随着花朵便结出像花椒籽一样的果实,藏在花瓣中,黑色且光洁,每株花只裁切三、五大朵而已。五月采集其枝叶使用。
橡实,是栎树的种子。《神农本草经》未记载其出产的州县,说所在山谷都有,现在也是这样。树木高二、三丈;三、四月开黄花;八、九月结果实,它的果实就是皂斗,槲树和栎树都有斗,但以栎树的为优。不拘泥于特定时间,采集树皮和果实一起使用。《尔雅》说:栎树的果实叫球。解释说:栎,是类似樗树的木材。球,是容纳果实的房室。它的果实就是橡,有球状的外壳包裹自己。《诗经·秦风》说:山上有茂盛的栎树。陆机说:秦地人把柞树叫做栎。又《唐风》说:聚集在茂盛的栩树上。陆机说:现在的柞栎树,徐州人把栎树叫做杼,或者叫做栩。如今京城洛阳及河内地区也把栎树叫做杼。这是各地通用的语言,然而柞、栎、杼、栩,都是橡栎的通称。
槲若,《神农本草经》未记载其出产的州县,如今到处山林中多有生长。树木高一丈多,若即指叶子,与栎树相似。也有斗,只是小得不中用罢了。不拘泥于特定时间采集。其叶子和树皮都可以使用。葛洪治疗各种溃烂疮、乳疮,都用这种树皮切碎三升,用水一斗,煮取五升,春夏季节冷用,秋冬季节温用,洗完疮口后,再敷上各种膏药,称之为赤龙皮汤。又治疗毒气攻注下部生疮的人,用槲皮配合榉树,煮汁如饴糖般粘稠,用来导引(灌肠或清洗)。《千金翼方》治疗蛊毒,用槲木背阴面的白皮一大握,长五寸,用水三升,煮取一升,空腹分次服用,即可吐出蛊毒。
Mai Zi Mu (Sell-Child Tree), not recorded in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) regarding its place of origin. The annotation states: It originates from Qiongzhou in Jiannan, and currently is only found in Quzhou. It is annually presented as a local tribute, known as Mai Zi Mu. The plant is five to seven chi tall, with a trunk diameter of about one cun; tender branches sprout in spring, leaves are pointed, one to two cun long, all green; branch tips are pale purple; small flowers bloom in April and May, gathered in clusters of dozens or hundreds of branches into large blooms, scorched red; fruits resembling pepper seeds form alongside the flowers, black and lustrous within the petals, with each plant bearing only three to five large clusters. Its branches and leaves are harvested in May for use.
Xiang Shi (Acorn), the seed of the Li tree (Quercus species). The *Shennong Bencao Jing* does not record its place of origin, stating it is found in valleys everywhere, which remains true today. The trees are two to three zhang high; yellow flowers bloom in March and April; fruits mature in August and September. The fruit is the cupule (Zaodou); both Hu (Quercus variabilis) and Li trees have cupules, but those of the Li tree are superior. The bark and fruits can be harvested at any time for use. The *Erya* states: "The fruit of the Li tree is called Qiu." The explanation clarifies: Li refers to wood similar to that of the Chu tree. Qiu refers to the chamber containing the fruit. The fruit itself is the acorn, wrapped in a ball-like casing. The *Book of Songs · Odes of Qin* states: "On the mountain stand lush Li trees." Lu Ji explains: People in Qin call the Zuo tree Li. Furthermore, the *Odes of Tang* state: "Gathering on lush Xu trees." Lu Ji explains: This is the current Zuo-Li tree; people in Xuzhou call the Li tree Zhu, or sometimes Xu. Currently, the regions around the capital Luoyang and Henei also call the Li tree Zhu. These are common terms across different regions; thus, Zuo, Li, Zhu, and Xu are all general names for the Acorn-Oak.
Hu Ruo (Oak Leaf/Branch), not recorded in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* regarding its place of origin, but widely found in forests and mountains everywhere today. The trees are over one zhang high. 'Ruo' refers to the leaves, which resemble those of the Li tree. They also have cupules, but they are small and less useful. Harvesting is not restricted by season. Both leaves and bark are used. Ge Hong treated various ulcerating sores and breast sores using this bark: chopped three sheng, boiled in one dou of water until reduced to five sheng. Used cold in spring and summer, warm in autumn and winter. After washing the sores, apply various ointments. This is called Chilongpi Decoction (Red Dragon Skin Decoction). It also treats toxic sores arising in the lower body: Oak bark combined with Zelkova bark is boiled until the juice resembles malt syrup, used for enema or washing. The *Qianjin Yifang* (Supplement to the Thousand Golden Formulas) treats Gu Poison (Gu Toxin): Take a handful of the white inner bark from the north-facing side of the Oak tree, five cun long, boil in three sheng of water until reduced to one sheng. Divide and take on an empty stomach, which will induce vomiting to expel the Gu poison.