\r黄药根\ph388.bmp\r，生岭南，今夔、峡州郡及明、越、秦、陇州山中亦有之，以
忠、万州者为胜。藤生
、高三、四尺；根及茎以小桑，十月采根。秦州出者谓之红药子，叶似荞麦，枝梗赤色，七
月开白花，其根初采，湿时红赤色，曝干即黄。开州兴元府又产一种苦药子，大抵与黄药相
类，主五脏邪气，治肺，压热，除烦燥，亦入马药用。春采根曝干。又下有药实根条，云生
蜀郡山谷。苏恭云∶即药子也，用其核仁。《本经》误载根字，疑即黄药之实，然云生叶似
杏，花红白色，子肉味酸，此为不同。今亦稀用，故附于此。孙思邈《千金月令》∶疗忽生
瘿疾一、二年者，以万州黄药子半斤，须紧重者为上。如轻虚，即是佗州者，力慢，须用一
倍
。取无灰酒一斗，投药其中，固济瓶口，以糠火烧一复时，停腾，待酒冷即开。患者时时饮
一盏，不令绝酒气。经三、五日后，常须把镜自照，觉销即停饮，不尔便令人项细也。刘禹
锡《传信方》亦着其效，云得之邕州从事张 ， 目击有效，复己试，其验如神。其方并同
，有小异处。惟烧酒侯香气出外，瓶头有津出即止，不待一宿，火仍不得太猛。酒有灰。
药实根，文具黄药条下。
\r桄榔\ph389.bmp\r，生岭南山谷，今二广州郡皆有之，人家亦植于庭除间。其木似
榈而坚硬，斫其间有
面，大者至数石，食之不饥。其皮至柔，坚韧可以作绠。其子作穗生木端，不拘时月采之。
（《岭表录异》云∶桄榔木枝叶并茂，与枣、槟榔等小异。然叶下有须如粗马尾，广人采之
以织巾子；其须尤宜咸水浸渍，即粗胀而韧，故人以此缚舶，不用钉线。木性如竹，紫黑色
，有纹理，工人解之，以制博奕局。又其木刚作 锄，利如铁，中石更利，惟中蕉、椰致败
耳。
黄药根，生长在岭南地区，如今夔州、峡州郡以及明州、越州、秦州、陇州的山中也都有生长，其中以忠州、万州出产的质量最好。它是藤本植物，高三四尺；根部及茎干粗细如同小桑树，在十月采集根部。秦州出产的称为红药子，叶子像荞麦叶，枝梗呈赤色，七月开白花。其根刚采挖时，湿润状态下呈红赤色，晒干后变黄。开州和兴元府又出产一种苦药子，大体上与黄药相似，主治五脏邪气，治疗肺疾，压制热邪，消除烦躁，也用于马药中。春季采集根部并晒干。下面还有药实根的条目，说它生长在蜀郡的山谷中。苏恭说：就是药子，使用它的核仁。《神农本草经》错误地记载了“根”字，怀疑它就是黄药的果实，但书中说叶子像杏叶，花是红白色，果肉味酸，这与黄药不同。现在也很少使用，所以附记在这里。孙思邈《千金月令》记载：治疗突然生出的瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大病），病程一两年的人，用万州产的半斤黄药子，必须选择质地紧密沉重的为上品。如果质地轻虚，那就是其他州出产的，药效缓慢，需要加倍用量。取无灰酒一斗，将药投入其中，密封瓶口，用糠火煨烧一顿饭的时间，停火冷却，待酒凉后打开。患者经常饮用一盏，不要让酒气断绝。经过三到五日后，经常拿镜子自照，感觉肿块消退就停止服用，否则就会让人脖子变细。刘禹锡《传信方》也记载了其疗效，说是从邕州从事张处得知，亲眼目睹有效，自己也尝试过，效果如神。其方剂基本相同，只有细微差别。只是烧酒时要等到香气散发出来，瓶口有津液渗出就停止，不必等待一整夜，火力仍不能太猛。酒中含有灰分。
药实根，内容详述于黄药条之下。
桄榔，生长在岭南山谷中，如今广州、二州郡都有生长，人家也在庭院间种植。它的树干类似棕榈树但更坚硬，砍开后中间有淀粉质的粉面，大的可达数石重，食用它可以不感到饥饿。它的树皮非常柔软，坚韧可以用来制作绳索。它的果实成穗状生长在树梢，不拘泥于月份采集。（《岭表录异》说：桄榔木枝叶茂盛，与枣树、槟榔等略有不同。然而叶子下有须根如粗马尾，广东人采集它们来编织头巾；这些须根尤其适合用咸水浸泡，浸泡后会变得粗壮膨胀且坚韧，所以人们用它来捆绑船只，不用钉子和线。木质性如竹子，紫黑色，有纹理，工匠解开它，用来制作棋盘。另外，它的木材刚制成锄头时，锋利如铁，击中石头更加锋利，只有击中香蕉树、椰子树才会损坏。）
Huangyao Gen (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae), originally growing in the Lingnan region, is now also found in the mountains of Kuizhou, Xiazhou Commandery, as well as Mingzhou, Yuezhou, Qinzhou, and Longzhou Prefectures, with those from Zhongzhou and Wanzhou being considered superior. It is a vine plant, three to four chi tall; its roots and stems are as thick as small mulberry trees, and the roots are harvested in the tenth lunar month. Those produced in Qinzhou are called Hongyaizi (Red Ya Zi), with leaves resembling buckwheat leaves and reddish branches and stalks, blooming white flowers in the seventh lunar month. When freshly harvested, the roots are red when wet, turning yellow after sun-drying. Kaizhou and Xingyuan Fu also produce a variety called Kuya Zi (Bitter Ya Zi), which is generally similar to Huangyao. It treats pathogenic qi in the five zang organs, addresses lung conditions, suppresses heat, eliminates irritability, and is also used in veterinary medicine for horses. The roots are harvested in spring and dried in the sun. Below is an entry for Yaoshi Gen (Root of Dioscorea bulbifera var. sativa), stating it grows in the valleys of Shu Commandery. Su Gong stated: It is the same as Ya Zi, using its kernel. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* erroneously recorded "root," suspecting it to be the fruit of Huangyao. However, the text describes leaves like apricot leaves, red-and-white flowers, and sour-tasting pulp, which differs from Huangyao. It is rarely used today, so it is appended here. Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Yueling* records: To treat sudden-onset yin disease (goiter) lasting one or two years, use half a jin of Huangya Zi from Wanzhou, selecting those that are dense and heavy as premium quality. If light and hollow, they are from other prefectures, have weaker efficacy, and require double the dosage. Take one dou of wine without ash impurities, put the herbs inside, seal the bottle mouth tightly, and roast over chaff fire for the duration of a meal. Let it cool, then open when the wine is cold. The patient should drink one cup occasionally, ensuring the scent of alcohol is not completely lost. After three to five days, the patient should frequently check themselves in a mirror; stop drinking once the swelling subsides, otherwise, it may cause the neck to become too thin. Liu Yuxi's *Chuanxin Fang* also records its efficacy, stating he learned of it from Zhang, an official in Yongzhou, who witnessed effective results and tested it himself with miraculous verification. The prescription is essentially the same, with minor differences. Specifically, when heating the wine, stop when the aroma escapes and moisture appears at the bottle neck, without needing to wait overnight. The fire should not be too intense. The wine contains ash.
Yaoshi Gen is detailed under the entry for Huangyao.
Guolang (Arenga pinnata), grows in the valleys of Lingnan and is now present in Guangzhou and Erzhou commanderies, often planted by households in courtyards. Its trunk resembles palm but is harder; when chopped, it yields a starchy flour, with large specimens weighing several shi, edible and satiating. Its bark is extremely soft and tough, suitable for making ropes. Its fruits grow in spikes at the tree tips and can be harvested at any time. (*Lingbiao Luyi* states: Guolang wood has lush foliage, slightly different from jujube and betel nut. However, there are root-like fibers beneath the leaves resembling coarse horse tails; people in Guangdong harvest these to weave headscarves. These fibers are particularly suitable for soaking in saltwater, becoming swollen and tough, thus used for binding ships instead of nails and thread. The wood texture is like bamboo, purple-black with grain patterns, processed by craftsmen to make game boards. Additionally, when newly made into hoe blades, it is sharp as iron, even sharper when striking stone, but only breaks when hitting banana or coconut trees.)