土大黄，文具大黄条下。
\r桔梗\ph230.bmp\r，生嵩高山谷及冤句，今在处有之。根如小指大，黄白色；春生
苗，茎高尺余；叶似杏
叶而长椭，四叶相对而生，嫩时亦可煮食之；夏开花紫碧色，颇似牵牛子花，秋后结子。八
月采根，细锉曝干用。叶名隐忍。其根有心，无心者乃荠 也。而荠 亦能解毒，二物颇相
乱。但荠 叶下光泽无毛为异。关中桔梗，根黄，颇似蜀葵根；茎细，青色；叶小，青色，
似菊花叶。古方亦单用之。《古今录验》疗卒中蛊下血如鸡肝者，昼夜出血石余，四脏皆损
，惟心未毁，或鼻破待死者。取桔梗捣屑，以酒服方寸匕，日三。不能下药，以物拗口开灌
之。心中当烦，须臾自定，服七日止。当食猪肝 以补之，神良。《集验方》∶疗胸中满而
振寒，脉数，咽燥不渴，时时出浊唾腥臭，久久吐脓如粳米粥，是肺痈。治之以桔梗、甘草
各二两炙，以水三升，煮取一升，分再服，朝暮吐脓血则瘥。
\r甘遂\ph231.bmp\r，生中山川谷，今陕西、江东亦有之，或云京西出者最佳，汴沧
吴者为次。苗似泽漆，
茎短小，而叶有汁；根皮赤，肉白，作连珠，又似和皮甘草。二月采根，节切之，阴干，以
实重者为胜。又有一种草甘遂，苗一茎，茎端六、七叶，如蓖
麻、鬼臼叶，用之殊恶。生食一升，亦不能下。唐注云∶草甘遂，即蚤休也。蚤休自有条，
古方亦单用下水。《短剧》∶疗妊娠小腹满，大小便不利，气急，已服猪苓散不瘥者，以甘
遂散下之方。泰山赤皮甘遂二两，捣筛，以白蜜二两，和丸如大豆粒，多觉心下烦，得微下
者，日一服之，下后还将猪苓散。不得下，日再服，渐加可至半钱匕，以微下为度，中间将
散也。猪苓散见猪苓条中。
土大黄，其内容已详载于“大黄”条目之下。
桔梗，生长在嵩高山谷以及冤句等地，如今各地都有出产。根部粗细如小指，颜色黄白；春季生出苗茎，高度约一尺多；叶子形状像杏叶但更长呈椭圆形，四片叶子相对生长，嫩叶也可以煮食；夏季开出紫碧色的花，很像牵牛子的花，秋季后结籽。八月采集根部，切碎后晒干使用。叶子名为隐忍。它的根中心有髓心，没有髓心的则是荠菜。而荠菜也能解毒，这两种植物很容易混淆。区别在于荠菜的叶片下面光滑无毛。关中的桔梗，根部发黄，很像蜀葵的根；茎细长，青色；叶子小，青色，像菊花的叶子。古方中也单用桔梗。《古今录验》记载治疗突然中蛊毒导致下血如鸡肝状，昼夜出血达数石之多，五脏受损，只有心脏未毁坏，或者鼻子破损濒临死亡的情况。取桔梗捣成粉末，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次。如果无法吞咽药物，可用工具撬开嘴巴灌入。服药后心中应当感到烦闷，片刻后自然安定，连续服用七天即可。此时应食用猪肝来补益身体，效果极佳。《集验方》记载：治疗胸中胀满且怕冷颤抖，脉象快，咽喉干燥但不想喝水，经常吐出浑浊腥臭的唾液，久病后吐出如稀粥般的脓液，这是肺痈（肺部化脓性疾病）。治疗方法是用炙过的桔梗、甘草各二两，加水三升，煮取一升药液，分两次服用，早晚吐出脓血则病愈。
甘遂，生长在中山的山谷中，如今陕西、江东也有出产，有人说京西出产的最好，汴州、沧州、吴地的次之。苗像泽漆，茎短小，叶子含有汁液；根部外皮红色，内部肉质白色，呈连珠状，又有点像带皮的甘草。二月采集根部，切成节段，阴干，以质地坚实沉重者为佳。又有一种草甘遂，茎单一，茎端生六、七片叶子，像蓖麻、鬼臼的叶子，这种用起来很不好。生吃一升也不能通便。唐代注释说：草甘遂就是蚤休。蚤休自有专门条目，古方中也单用其通利二便。《短剧》记载：治疗妊娠期间小腹胀满，大小便不通畅，气急，已经服用猪苓散但未痊愈的情况，用甘遂散来治疗。取泰山产的赤皮甘遂二两，捣碎过筛，用白蜜二两，调和制成如大豆大小的丸药，如果感觉心下烦闷，轻微腹泻的，每日服用一次，泻下后再服用猪苓散。如果未能泻下，每日可再服一次，逐渐增加剂量至半钱匕，以轻微腹泻为限度，中间需服用散剂调理。猪苓散见猪苓条目中。
Tu Dahuang (Rhubarb of the Earth), its content is detailed under the entry for Dahuang (Rhubarb).
Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) grows in the valleys of Mount Song and Yuanju, and is now available everywhere. The root is as thick as a little finger, yellowish-white; seedlings emerge in spring, with stems over a chi (approx. 33 cm) high; leaves resemble apricot leaves but are longer and oval, growing four opposite each other, and tender leaves can also be boiled for food; purple-blue flowers bloom in summer, resembling those of Convolvulus (Morning Glory), and seeds form after autumn. Roots are harvested in August, finely sliced, dried in the sun, and used. The leaves are named Yinren (Hidden Endurance). Its roots have a pith; those without pith are Shepherd's Purse (Shepherdia/Shepherd's purse, *Capsella bursa-pastoris*). Shepherd's Purse can also detoxify, and the two plants are often confused. The difference lies in the fact that the underside of Shepherd's Purse leaves is smooth and hairless. Jiegeng from Guanzhong has yellow roots, resembling Hollyhock (*Althaea rosea*) roots; stems are thin and green; leaves are small, green, and resemble Chrysanthemum leaves. Ancient prescriptions also use Jiegeng alone. *Gujin Luyan* records treating sudden poisoning by gu (venomous insects/magic) causing bloody stools like chicken liver, bleeding day and night amounting to several shi (volume unit), damaging the four viscera, while the heart remains intact, or when the nose is broken and death seems imminent. Take Jiegeng, crush it into powder, and administer one fangcun bi (approx. 2-3 grams) with wine, three times daily. If unable to swallow, pry open the mouth with an object and pour it in. The patient should feel irritability in the chest, which will settle spontaneously after a moment. Continue for seven days. At this time, consume Pig Liver to tonify the body, which is highly effective. *Jiyan Fang* records: Treating fullness in the chest accompanied by chills, rapid pulse, dry throat without thirst, frequent expectoration of turbid, foul-smelling saliva, and long-term expectoration of pus resembling rice porridge, this is Fei Yong (Lung Abscess). Treat with Jiugeng (Platycodon Root) and Gancao (Licorice Root), both roasted, two liang each, boiled in three sheng (approx. 600 ml) of water until one sheng remains, divided into two doses. Expectoration of pus and blood in the morning and evening indicates recovery.
Gansui (Kansui Root) grows in the valleys of Zhongshan; it is now also found in Shaanxi and Jiangdong. Some say the best quality comes from Jingxi, followed by those from Bian, Cang, and Wu. The sprout resembles Zeqi (Spurge), with short stems and sap-containing leaves; the root bark is red, the flesh white, forming a bead-like structure, resembling Licorice with skin. Roots are harvested in February, cut into sections, dried in the shade, and those that are solid and heavy are superior. There is another type called Cao Gansui (Herbal Gansui), with a single stem and six or seven leaves at the tip, resembling Castor Bean or Typhonium leaves; this is inferior for use. Eating one sheng raw does not induce bowel movement. Tang commentary states: Cao Gansui is Zaoxiu (Paris polyphylla). Zaoxiu has its own entry; ancient formulas also use it alone to promote urination and defecation. *Duanju* records: Treating lower abdominal fullness during pregnancy, difficulty in urination and defecation, and shortness of breath, where previous treatment with Zhuling San (Polyporus Powder) failed. Use Gansui San formula. Take Erliang (approx. 90g) of Chipi Gansui (Red-barked Kansui) from Mount Tai, crush and sieve, mix with Erliang (approx. 90g) of White Honey, and form pills the size of soybeans. If the patient feels irritability below the heart or slight diarrhea, administer once daily. After evacuation, resume Zhuling San. If no evacuation occurs, administer twice daily, gradually increasing the dose up to half a qianbi (approx. 1-2 grams), stopping when mild diarrhea is achieved. Intermittently use the powder. See Zhuling San under the entry for Zhuling (Polyporus).