\r酸枣\ph326.bmp\r，生河东川泽，今近京及西北州郡皆有之，野生多在坡 及城垒
间。似枣木而皮细，其
木心赤色；茎、叶俱青；花似枣花；八月结实，紫红色，似枣而圆小，味酸。当月采实，取
核中仁，阴干，四十日成。《尔雅》辨枣之种类曰∶实小而酸，曰 枣。《孟子》曰∶养其
枣。赵岐注∶所谓酸枣是也。一说惟酸枣县出者为真，其木高数丈，径围一、二尺，木理
极细，坚而且重，邑人用为车轴及匕筋；其皮亦细，纹似蛇鳞；其核仁稍长，而色赤如丹，
亦
不易得。今市之货者，皆棘实耳，用之尤宜详辨也。《本经》主烦心不得眠。今医家两用之
，睡多生使，不得睡炒熟，生熟便尔顿异。而胡洽治振悸不得眠，有酸枣仁汤∶酸枣仁二升，
茯苓、白术、人参、甘草各二两，生姜六两，六物切，以水八升，煮取三升，分四服。深师
主虚不得眠，烦不可宁，有酸枣仁汤∶酸枣仁二升， 母、干姜、茯苓，芎 各二两，甘草
一
两炙，
二汤酸
枣并生用，疗不得眠，岂便以煮汤为熟乎？
\r槐实\ph327.bmp\r，生河南平泽，今处处有之。其木有极高硕者。谨按《尔雅》槐
有数种∶叶大而黑者名
怀槐；昼合夜开者名守宫槐；叶细而青绿者但谓之槐；其功用不言有别。四月、五月开花，
六月、七月结实。七月七日采嫩实，捣取汁作煎。十月采老实入药。皮、根采无时。今医家
用槐者最多；春采嫩枝 为黑灰，以揩齿去 ；烧青枝取沥，以涂癣；取
花之陈久者，筛末，饮服，以治下血；折取嫩房角作汤，以当茗，主头风、明目、补脑；煮
白皮汁，以治口齿及下血；水吞黑子，以变白发；木上耳，取末服方寸匕，治大便血及五痔
脱肛等；皆常用有殊效者。葛洪着扁鹊明目，使发不落方。十月上巳日，取槐子去皮，内新
中，封口三、七日，初服一枚，再二枚，至十日十枚，还从一枚始，大良。刘禹锡《传信
方》∶着硖州王及郎中，槐汤炙痔法∶以槐枝浓煎汤，先洗痔，便以艾灸其上七壮，以知为
度。及早充西川安抚使判官，乘骡入骆谷，及宿，有痔疾，因此大作。其状如胡瓜，贯于肠
头
，热如 灰火，至驿僵仆。主邮吏云∶此病某曾患来，须灸即瘥。及命所使作槐汤洗热瓜上
，令用艾灸，至三、五壮，忽觉一道热气入肠中，因大转泻，先血后秽，一时至痛楚，泻后
遂失胡瓜所在，登骡而驰。
酸枣，生长在河东的川泽地带，如今京城附近及西北各州郡都有生长，野生的多在山坡和城墙堡垒之间。它的树干像枣树但树皮较细，木质心呈赤色；茎和叶子都是青色；花朵像枣花；八月结果实，紫红色，形状像枣但更圆小，味道酸。应当在当月采集果实，取出核中的仁，在阴凉处晾干，四十天制成。《尔雅》辨别枣的种类说：果实小而酸的，称为酸枣。《孟子》说：养护他的酸枣。赵岐注释：所说的酸枣就是这种。另一种说法认为只有酸枣县出产的才是正宗，树木高达数丈，直径一、二尺，木纹极细，坚硬而且沉重，当地人用作车轴和匕筋（餐具）；树皮也很细，纹理像蛇鳞；果核里的仁稍长，颜色红得像丹砂，也不容易得到。现在市场上售卖的，都是棘实的仁罢了，使用尤其需要仔细辨别。《神农本草经》记载主治心烦不得眠。现在的医生两家都使用它，嗜睡的用生品，失眠的用炒熟的，生用和熟用的效果截然不同。胡洽治疗惊恐心悸不得眠，有酸枣仁汤：酸枣仁二升，茯苓、白术、人参、甘草各二两，生姜六两，将六味药切碎，用水八升，煮取三升，分四次服用。深师治疗虚损不得眠，烦躁不安，有酸枣仁汤：酸枣仁二升，知母、干姜、茯苓、川芎各二两，甘草一两炙过，这两首方剂中的酸枣仁都用生品，治疗失眠，难道就把煮汤当作熟用吗？
槐实，生长在河南的平泽地带，如今到处都有。槐树有非常高大的。谨按《尔雅》记载，槐树有好几种：叶子大而黑的叫怀槐；白天闭合晚上开放的叫守宫槐；叶子细小而青绿的只称为槐；它们的功用没有说有什么不同。四月、五月开花，六月、七月结果实。七月七日采摘嫩实的，捣碎取汁做成膏煎。十月采摘成熟的入药。树皮、根随时可采。现在的医生使用槐树的部位最多；春天采摘嫩枝烧成黑灰，用来刷牙去垢；燃烧青枝取沥液，用来涂抹癣疾；选取陈久的槐花，筛成粉末，用水送服，用来治疗便血；折断嫩房角煮水，当作茶喝，主治头风、明目、补脑；煮白皮汁，用来治疗口齿病及便血；用水吞服黑子，用来使白发变黑；树上长的木耳，取粉末服用一方寸匕，治疗大便出血及五痔脱肛等；都是常用且有特殊疗效的。葛洪著述扁鹊明目的方子，使头发不脱落的方法。十月上巳日，取槐子去皮，放入新容器中，封口三到七天，初次服用一枚，第二次两枚，到第十天十枚，然后又从一枚开始，效果很好。刘禹锡《传信方》记载：峡州王及郎中，用槐汤熏洗痔疮的方法：用槐枝浓煎汤，先清洗痔疮，随即在上面艾灸七壮，以见效为度。及早充任西川安抚使判官时，骑骡进入骆谷，住宿后，痔疮发作，因此病情加重。症状像胡瓜一样，卡在肠头，热得像炭火灰，到了驿站就僵倒仆地。主管邮驿的小吏说：这个病我也曾患过，必须艾灸才能痊愈。及早命令随从制作槐汤清洗患处，让人用艾灸，灸到三、五壮时，忽然觉得一股热气进入肠中，于是剧烈腹泻，先排血后排粪便，一时非常痛苦，泻完后发现胡瓜样的东西不见了，骑上骡子飞驰而去。
Suanzao (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), growing in the rivers and marshes of Hedong, is now found in areas near the capital and in prefectures to the northwest. Wild varieties are mostly found on slopes and between city ramparts. The tree resembles the jujube tree but has finer bark; the heartwood is reddish; stems and leaves are green; flowers resemble those of the jujube. Fruits ripen in the eighth lunar month, are purplish-red, rounder and smaller than common jujubes, and have a sour taste. The fruits should be harvested in the same month, the kernels extracted from the pits, dried in the shade, and processed over forty days. *Erya* distinguishes types of jujubes by stating: "Small and sour fruits are called Suanzao." *Mengzi* states: "Nourish his Suanzao." Zhao Qi's commentary notes: "This refers to the Suanzao." Another view holds that only those produced in Suanzao County are authentic; the trees grow several zhang high with a trunk diameter of one or two chi, possessing extremely fine grain, hardness, and weight. Locals use them for cart axles and spoons/chopsticks; the bark is also fine with patterns resembling snake scales; the kernels are slightly longer and red like cinnabar, making them hard to obtain. What is sold in markets today are merely kernels from wild jujube bushes (Jicai), so careful distinction is required when using them. *Shennong Bencao Jing* records its indication as treating vexation and insomnia. Physicians currently use it in two ways: raw for hypersomnia, and stir-fried for insomnia; the effects of raw versus cooked forms differ significantly. Hu Qia's formula for tremors, palpitations, and insomnia, Suanzao Ren Tang, contains: Suanzao Ren 2 sheng, Fuling, Baizhu, Renshen, Gancao each 2 liang, Shengjiang 6 liang. The six herbs are sliced, decocted in 8 sheng of water to yield 3 sheng, divided into four doses. Shen Shi's formula for deficiency-induced insomnia with restlessness, also named Suanzao Ren Tang, contains: Suanzao Ren 2 sheng, Zhimu, Ganjiang, Fuling, Xiongqiong each 2 liang, Gancao (roasted) 1 liang. In both formulas, Suanzao Ren is used raw to treat insomnia; does this imply that decoction constitutes "cooked" usage?
Huai Shi (Sophorae Fructus), growing in the flat marshes of Henan, is now ubiquitous. The trees can grow very tall. According to *Erya*, there are several types of Sophora: those with large, dark leaves are called Huaihuai; those that close during the day and open at night are called Shougonghuai; those with small, green leaves are simply called Huai; their medicinal properties are not distinguished. They flower in the fourth and fifth lunar months and fruit in the sixth and seventh. Tender fruits harvested on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month are crushed to extract juice for making pastes. Mature fruits harvested in the tenth lunar month are used medicinally. Bark and roots can be harvested at any time. Physicians currently utilize various parts of the Sophora tree most frequently; tender branches harvested in spring are burned to black ash and used to brush teeth and remove tartar; green branches are burned to collect distillate for applying to tinea; old flowers are sifted into powder and taken with water to treat hematochezia; tender pods are boiled as a tea substitute to treat cephalalgia due to wind, brighten the eyes, and tonify the brain; white bark is boiled to treat oral/dental diseases and hematochezia; swallowing black seeds transforms white hair back to black; ear-like fungi growing on the wood, taken as powder (one cun bi dose), treat hematochezia and five types of hemorrhoids with prolapse; these are all commonly used with remarkable efficacy. Ge Hong cites Bian Que's formula for brightening the eyes and preventing hair loss: On the Shangsi day of the tenth lunar month, take Sophora seeds, remove the skin, place them in a new container, seal it for three to seven days. Initial dose is one seed, increasing to two, up to ten seeds by the tenth day, then decreasing back to one seed; this is highly effective. Liu Yuxi's *Chuanxin Fang* records Wang Ji Langzhong of Xiazhou using a Sophora decoction fumigation method for hemorrhoids: Decoct Sophora branches strongly, wash the hemorrhoids first, then apply moxibustion directly on them for seven moxa cones, stopping when improvement is noted. When Ji Chong served as Judge of the Pacification Commission in Western Sichuan, he rode a mule through Luogu Valley. Upon lodging, his hemorrhoids flared up severely. The condition resembled a cucumber lodged at the anal verge, feeling hot like burning embers, causing him to collapse at the relay station. The postal clerk stated: "I once suffered from this disease; moxibustion will cure it." Ji ordered his attendants to prepare a Sophora decoction to wash the affected area ("hot cucumber") and applied moxibustion. After three to seven cones, he suddenly felt a stream of heat enter his intestines, followed by severe diarrhea, expelling blood first and then feces. After the intense pain subsided, the "cucumber" was gone, and he mounted his mule and rode away.