涩肠，燥湿
苦燥湿，寒胜热，涩收敛。入血分而涩血。去肺、胃之陈痰。治湿热为病，泄泻久痢，
崩带肠风，梦遗便数，有断下之功（痢疾滞气未尽者勿遽用，勉强固涩，必变他证），去疳
、樗皮尤良（时珍曰∶椿皮入血气而性涩；樗皮入气分而胜利。凡血分受病不足者宜椿皮；
气分受病有郁者宜樗皮。《乾坤生意》治疮肿下药，用樗皮水研，服汁取利，是其验矣。昂
按∶樗皮止泻痢，终是涩剂。寇氏曰∶一妇年四十余，耽饮无度，多食鱼蟹，积毒在脏，日
夜二三十泻，便与脓血杂下，大肠连肛门甚痛。用止血痢药不效，用肠风药益甚，盖肠风有
血无脓也。服热药，腹愈痛，血愈下。服冷药，注泻食减。服温平药，则若不知，年余待毙
。或教服人参散，樗皮、人参各一两为末，空心温酒或米饮下二钱，遂愈。昂按∶此方仍是
作痢疾治）香者为椿，肌实而赤嫩，其苗可茹；臭者为樗，肌虚而白，主治略同。根东引者
良。去粗皮，或醋炙、蜜炙用。忌肉面。
滑，利窍
甘滑下降。入大、小肠、膀胱经。行经脉、利诸窍，通二便，渗湿热，滑胎产（或胎死
腹中，服汁可下），下有形留着之物。治五淋肿满（《备急方》∶捣屑作粥食，小便利差）喘
咳不眠（嵇康《养生论》∶榆令人瞑），疗疥癣秃疮，消赤肿妒乳（乳痈汁不出，内结成肿，
名妒乳。和陈醋滓调，日六七易效。《十剂》曰∶滑可去着，冬葵子、榆白皮之属是也）。
有赤白二种，去粗皮，取白用（采皮为面，荒年当粮可食。香剂以之调和，粘滑胜于胶漆）。
涩肠，燥湿
苦味能燥湿，寒性能胜热，涩性能收敛。药物进入血分而具有止血作用。清除肺、胃中陈旧的痰液。治疗因湿热引起的疾病，如泄泻、久痢，以及崩漏、带下、肠风便血、梦遗、小便频数，具有止住下焦滑脱的功效（若痢疾患者体内滞气尚未排尽，切勿急于使用固涩药，强行固涩必然导致其他病证），去除疳积方面，樗白皮效果更佳（李时珍说：椿白皮进入血分和氣分，性质涩；樗白皮进入气分，具有通利作用。凡是血分受病且正气不足的适宜用椿白皮；气分受病且有郁滞的适宜用樗白皮。《乾坤生意》在治疗疮肿的药物中，使用樗白皮水研，服用汁液以取得通利效果，这就是验证了。汪昂按语：樗白皮止泻痢，终究是涩剂。寇宗奭说：有一位四十多岁的妇女，贪杯无度，多吃鱼蟹，毒素积聚在脏腑，每天腹泻二三十次，大便与脓血混杂而下，大肠直至肛门非常疼痛。使用治血痢的药无效，使用治肠风的药更严重，因为肠风只有血没有脓。服用热药，腹痛加剧，出血更多。服用冷药，腹泻不止，食欲减退。服用温平药，则感觉不明显，一年多等待死亡。有人教她服用人参散，将樗白皮、人参各一两研成末，空腹时用温酒或米饮送服二钱，于是痊愈。汪昂按语：这个方子仍然是按照痢疾来治疗的）香气浓郁的是椿，肉质坚实且呈赤嫩色，其嫩芽可食用；气味臭秽的是樗，肉质疏松且呈白色，主治功效大致相同。根部向东生长的品质优良。去除粗皮，或用醋炙、蜜炙后使用。忌食肉类和面食。
滑，利窍
甘味滑利，性质下降。进入大肠、小肠、膀胱经。通行经脉，利通各种孔窍，通畅大小便，渗除湿热，滑利胎产（如果胎儿死于腹中，服用汁液可使死胎排出），排除下部有形积滞之物。治疗五淋、肿胀满闷（《备急方》：捣碎榆白皮制成屑状煮粥食用，小便通利后病情好转）喘咳不眠（嵇康《养生论》：榆白皮能使人安睡），治疗疥癣秃疮，消除红肿妒乳（乳痈乳汁不出，内结形成肿块，称为妒乳。用陈醋渣调和，每天更换六到七次见效。《十剂》说：滑法可以去除附着之物，冬葵子、榆白皮等属于此类）。有赤白两种，去除粗皮，取白色部分使用（采集树皮磨成面，荒年可作为粮食食用。香料制剂用它来调和，粘滑程度超过胶漆）。
Astringe the intestines, dry dampness.
The bitter flavor dries dampness, the cold nature overcomes heat, and the astringent property consolidates. Entering the blood level, it stops bleeding. It eliminates old phlegm from the lungs and stomach. It treats diseases caused by damp-heat, such as diarrhea and chronic dysentery, as well as metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, intestinal wind with hematochezia, nocturnal emission, and frequent urination, possessing the efficacy of arresting lower jiao discharge (If qi stagnation in dysentery has not been fully expelled, do not hastily use astringents; forcing consolidation will inevitably transform into other syndromes). To eliminate infantile malnutrition (gan syndrome), Chupi (Cortex Ailanthi) is especially effective (Li Shizhen said: Chunpi enters the blood and qi levels and is astringent; Chupi enters the qi level and promotes free flow. For diseases affecting the blood level with deficiency, Chunpi is suitable; for diseases affecting the qi level with stagnation, Chupi is suitable. In *Qiankun Shengyi*, for treating sores and swelling, Chupi is ground in water, and the juice is taken to induce purgation, which verifies this. Wang Ang notes: Chupi for stopping diarrhea and dysentery is ultimately an astringent agent. Kou Zongshi said: A woman in her forties was addicted to drinking without restraint and ate excessive amounts of fish and crab, causing toxins to accumulate in the zang organs. She suffered from thirty or more bowel movements daily, with pus and blood mixed in the stool, and severe pain from the large intestine to the anus. Medications for bloody dysentery were ineffective, and medications for intestinal wind made it worse, because intestinal wind involves blood but no pus. Taking hot medicines aggravated abdominal pain and bleeding. Taking cold medicines resulted in unrelenting diarrhea and reduced appetite. Taking warm and neutral medicines had little effect, leaving her to await death for over a year. Someone advised taking Renshen San (Ginseng Powder), consisting of one liang each of Chupi and Renshen (Radix Ginseng) powdered, taken on an empty stomach with two qian using warm wine or rice water, and she recovered. Wang Ang notes: This prescription still treats it as dysentery.) The fragrant variety is Chun (Toona sinensis), with firm, reddish-tender flesh, and its shoots are edible; the foul-smelling variety is Chu (Ailanthus altissima), with loose, white flesh, and their main therapeutic effects are roughly the same. Roots growing towards the east are of good quality. Remove the coarse bark, or use after stir-frying with vinegar or honey. Avoid meat and wheat products.
Slippery, benefit orifices.
The sweet flavor is slippery and descending. It enters the Large Intestine, Small Intestine, and Bladder meridians. It circulates through the meridians, benefits various orifices, unblocks urination and defecation, percolates out damp-heat, facilitates childbirth (if the fetus dies in the uterus, taking the juice can expel it), and eliminates tangible stagnant matter from below. It treats five types of strangury (Lin syndrome) with swelling and fullness (*Beiji Fang*: crush into powder, make into porridge, eat; when urination becomes smooth, the condition improves), wheezing, coughing, and insomnia (Ji Kang's *Yangsheng Lun*: Yu Bai Pi induces sleep), treats tinea, alopecia, and sores, reduces red swelling and engorged breasts (Du Ru syndrome: breast abscess where milk does not flow out, internally forming a lump. Mix with residue of aged vinegar, change application six to seven times daily for effectiveness. *Shi Ji* states: Slippery methods remove adherence; Dong Kui Zi (Semen Malvae) and Yu Bai Pi (Cortex Ulmi) belong to this category.). There are red and white varieties. Remove the coarse bark and use the white part (Harvest the bark, grind into flour, and it can serve as food in famine years. Used in spice preparations for blending, its slipperiness surpasses glue and lacquer).