涩而补，明目
苦寒，色青，性涩。补肝胆而益肾。以能平木（能除肝热）故治目疾（洗目赤，退翳膜）
惊痫。以其收涩而寒，故治崩带下痢（仲景白头翁汤用之）。以其涩而补下焦，故能益精有
子（时珍曰∶天道贵啬，惟收涩故能补。今人只知治目一节，几于废弃，良为可婉）。出西
土。皮有白点、渍水碧色、书纸不脱者真。大戟为使。恶吴茱萸。
宣，祛风湿
苦温（《经疏》云∶应兼辛）。入血分。祛风、去湿、杀虫，能行经络达病所。治风蹶顽
痹，腰膝疼痛（《传信方》∶海桐、薏苡各二两，芎 、羌活、地骨皮、五加皮各二两，甘
草五钱，生地七两，酒二斗浸，此方不得增减。早、中、晚饮，常令醺醺），疳 疥癣，目
赤（煎洗）牙虫（煎服，或含漱）。出广南。皮白坚韧，作索不烂。
亦名白
补，明目
甘温（《别录》微寒）。入心、肝、脾三经。消风散热，益水生光（三经皆血脏也。血得
其养，则目疾平。凡目病在表，当疏风清热。在里属肾虚、血少、神劳，宜补肾养血安神。
远视为肾水亏，近视为火不足）。
治目赤肿痛， 烂泪出，亦治心腹邪热，结气痰痞（今人惟用疗眼。陈藏器曰∶生治足
睡，熟治不眠）。丛生有刺，实如五味，圆扁有纹，紫赤可食。取仁浸，去皮、尖，研用。
涩味且具有补益作用，能明目。
苦寒之性，颜色青，性质涩。能补益肝胆并滋养肾脏。因为能够平抑肝木（即清除肝热），所以治疗眼疾（如清洗目赤、消退翳膜）。
治疗惊风癫痫。因为其具有收敛固涩和寒凉的特性，所以治疗崩漏、带下及痢疾（张仲景的白头翁汤中使用了它）。因为它涩而能补益下焦，所以能益精助孕（李时珍说：天道崇尚节俭吝啬，正因为收涩所以能补益。现在的人只知道它治疗眼睛这一方面，几乎将其废弃，实在令人惋惜）。产于西域。皮上有白点，浸泡后水呈碧绿色，写字纸不褪色的是真品。以大戟为引经药。畏吴茱萸。
宣通，祛除湿邪与风湿。
苦温之性（《医宗金鉴·本草备要》注疏中说：应当兼有辛味）。入血分。祛风、去湿、杀虫，能通行经络直达病所。治疗风厥顽痹、腰膝疼痛（《传信方》记载：海桐皮、薏苡仁各二两，川芎、羌活、地骨皮、五加皮各二两，甘草五钱，生地黄七两，酒二斗浸泡，此方不得增减。早晚饮用，常保持微醉状态），治疗疳积疥癣、目赤（煎水外洗）、牙虫（煎服或含漱）。产于广南。皮色白且坚韧，编成绳索不会烂断。
又名白蕤仁。
补益，明目。
甘温之性（《名医别录》记载其微寒）。入心、肝、脾三经。消散风热，益水生光（这三经都是藏血的脏器。血液得到滋养，则眼疾平息。凡是眼病在表，应当疏风清热；在里属于肾虚、血少、神劳，宜补肾养血安神。视远模糊是肾水亏虚，视近模糊是火不足）。
治疗目赤肿痛、眼睑溃烂流泪，也治疗心腹邪热、气结痰痞（现在的人只用来治疗眼病。陈藏器说：生用治疗嗜睡，熟用治疗失眠）。丛生有刺，果实像五味子，圆扁有纹路，紫红色可食用。取仁浸泡，去皮和尖，研磨使用。
Astringent and tonifying, brightens the eyes.
Bitter and cold in nature, green in color, astringent in property. Tonifies the Liver and Gallbladder and benefits the Kidney. Because it can pacify Wood (i.e., clear Liver heat), it treats eye diseases (such as washing away redness and reducing nebula).
Treats fright convulsions and epilepsy. Because of its astringent and cooling properties, it treats metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, and dysentery (used in Zhang Zhongjing's Baitouweng Decoction). Because it is astringent and tonifies the Lower Jiao, it can benefit essence and aid conception (Li Shizhen said: The Way of Heaven values frugality; only through astringency can one tonify. Nowadays people only know this herb for treating eyes, nearly discarding it, which is truly regrettable). Originates from the Western Regions. The bark has white spots, turns blue-green when soaked in water, and does not bleed on paper; these are authentic. Ephedrae Herba (Daji) acts as a guiding drug. Adversely affected by Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu).
Dispersing, expels wind-dampness.
Bitter and warm in nature (according to *Jingshu*, it should also be acrid). Enters the Blood level. Expels wind, removes dampness, kills parasites, and can circulate through meridians to reach the disease site. Treats wind-jue and stubborn bi-syndrome, pain in the waist and knees (*Chuanxin Fang*: 2 liang of Santalum Album Bark (Haitongpi) and Coicis Semen (Yiyiren), 2 liang each of Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Xiongnu), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Cortex Lycii (Digupi), and Acanthopanacis Cortex (Wujiaopi), 5 qian of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), 7 liang of Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi), soaked in 2 dou of wine. This prescription must not be altered. Drink morning, noon, and evening, keeping slightly intoxicated). Treats childhood malnutrition (gan), scabies, tinea, red eyes (decoct for washing), and dental worms (decoct for drinking or gargling). Originates from Guangnan. The bark is white and tough, does not rot even when made into ropes.
Also known as Bai Rui Ren.
Tonifying, brightens the eyes.
Sweet and warm in nature (*Bencao Beilu* records it as slightly cold). Enters the Heart, Liver, and Spleen meridians. Disperses wind-heat, nourishes Water to generate light (these three meridians are all blood-storage organs. When blood is nourished, eye diseases subside. For eye diseases at the exterior, one should disperse wind and clear heat; for those at the interior belonging to Kidney deficiency, blood deficiency, or mental fatigue, one should tonify the Kidney, nourish blood, and calm the spirit. Blurred vision at a distance indicates Kidney Water deficiency; blurred vision up close indicates insufficient Fire).
Treats red and swollen eyes, eyelid ulceration with tearing, and also treats evil heat in the heart and abdomen, qi stagnation, and phlegm lumps (Nowadays people only use it for eye diseases. Chen Zangqi said: Raw form treats excessive sleepiness; cooked form treats insomnia). Grows in clusters with thorns, fruits resemble Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (Wuweizi), round and flat with patterns, purple-red and edible. Take the kernel, soak it, remove the skin and tip, and grind for use.