泻热，凉血
苦坚肾，寒凉血。入阳明（胃，大肠）血分。
治热毒血痢（仲景治热痢，有白头翁汤合黄连、黄柏、秦皮。东垣曰∶骨欲坚，急食苦
以坚之。痢则下焦虚，故以纯苦之剂坚之），温疟寒热，齿痛骨痛（肾主齿骨，龈属阳明），
鼻衄秃疮，瘰 疝瘕，血痔偏坠（捣敷患处）。明目消疣。
有风反静，无风则摇，近根外有白茸。得酒良。
即土瓜根
泻热，利水，行血
苦寒。泻热利水。治天行热疾，黄胆消渴（捣汁饮），便数带下，月闭瘀血。利大、小
肠，排脓消肿，下乳（通乳药多用之，单服亦可）堕胎。
根如栝蒌之小者，味如山药，根、子通用（《经疏》曰∶主治略似栝蒌。伤寒发斑，用
王瓜捣汁，和伏龙肝末服，甚效）。
通，行血
甘苦而平。其性行而不住，能走血分、通血脉，乃阳明、冲、任之药（阳明多气多血）。
除风去痹，止血定痛，通经利便，下乳（俗云∶穿山甲、王不留行妇人服之乳长流）催
生。治金疮（止血）痈疮（散血），出竹、木刺。孕妇忌之。
花如铃铎，实如灯笼，子壳五棱。取苗子蒸，浆水浸用。
滑肠，利窍
甘寒淡滑。润燥利窍，通营卫，滋气脉，行津液，利二便，消水肿（用榆皮等分煎服），
通关格，下乳滑胎。
秋葵复种，经冬至春作子者，名冬葵子。根、叶同功。春葵子亦滑，不堪入药。
蜀葵花，赤者治赤带，白者治白带，赤者治血燥，白者治气燥。亦治血淋、关格，皆取
其寒润滑利之功也。
清热，凉血。
味苦能坚固肾气，性寒能清解血热。药入阳明经（包括胃和大肠）的血分。
治疗热毒引起的血痢（张仲景治疗热痢，使用白头翁汤配合黄连、黄柏、秦皮；李东垣说：骨骼需要坚固，应紧急食用苦味食物来坚固它；痢疾导致下焦虚弱，所以用纯苦味的药物来坚固它），温疟的寒热往来，牙齿疼痛和骨骼疼痛（肾主司牙齿和骨骼，牙龈属于阳明经），鼻出血，脱发疮疡，瘰疬、疝气和癥瘕积聚，血痔和偏坠肿痛（捣碎后敷于患处）。明目，消除疣赘。
有风时反而静止，无风时则摇动，靠近根部外侧有白色的绒毛。用酒炮制后药效更好。
即土瓜根。
清热，利水，活血。
味苦性寒。能清热利水。治疗流行性热病，黄疸，消渴症（捣汁饮用），小便频数，白带过多，月经闭止及瘀血阻滞。通利大肠和小肠，排出脓液，消除肿胀，促进乳汁分泌（通乳药中多用此药，单服也有效），堕胎。
根部像较小的栝蒌，味道像山药，根和种子通用（《本草经疏》说：主治功效略似栝蒌。伤寒发斑疹，用王瓜捣汁，与伏龙肝粉末混合服用，效果很好）。
通利，活血。
味甘苦，性平。其药性运行而不滞留，能进入血分，疏通血脉，是阳明经、冲脉、任脉的药物（阳明经多气多血）。
祛除风邪，去除痹症，止血定痛，通经利便，促进乳汁分泌（俗语说：穿山甲、王不留行，妇女服用后乳汁长流），催生。治疗金创（止血），痈疮（散血），取出竹刺、木刺。孕妇忌用。
花朵像铃铛，果实像灯笼，种子的外壳有五个棱。取苗和种子蒸制，用浆水浸泡后使用。
滑润肠道，通利窍道。
味甘、寒、淡、滑。能润燥利窍，通达营卫，滋养气脉，运行津液，通利大小便，消除水肿（用榆树皮等量煎服），通关格，促进乳汁分泌，滑胎。
秋葵复种，经过冬天到春天结籽的，名叫冬葵子。根和叶功效相同。春葵子也有滑利之性，但不堪入药。
蜀葵花，红色的治疗赤带，白色的治疗白带；红色治疗血燥，白色治疗气燥。也治疗血淋、关格，都是取其寒润滑利的功效。
Clear heat, cool blood.
Bitterness solidifies the Kidney, coldness cools the blood. Enters the Blood aspect of the Yangming (Stomach, Large Intestine) channel.
Treats toxic heat dysentery with blood (Zhang Zhongjing treated hot dysentery using Baitouweng Tang combined with Huanglian, Huangbai, and Qinpi; Li Dongyuan said: Bones desire to be solid, urgently eat bitter foods to solidify them. Dysentery causes deficiency in the Lower Jiao, thus pure bitter agents are used to solidify it), warm malaria with alternating chills and fever, toothache and bone pain (the Kidney governs teeth and bones, gums belong to Yangming), epistaxis, alopecia and sores, scrofula, hernia, and masses, bloody hemorrhoids and unilateral testicular swelling (mash and apply to the affected area). Brightens the eyes, eliminates warts.
Still when there is wind, sways when there is no wind, with white down outside near the root. Beneficial when processed with wine.
Also known as Tugua Gen (Radix Trichosanthis Kirilowii).
Clear heat, promote urination, move blood.
Bitter and cold. Clears heat and promotes urination. Treats epidemic febrile diseases, jaundice, and Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome) (drink the mashed juice), frequent urination, leukorrhea, amenorrhea due to blood stasis. Promotes urination via the Large and Small Intestines, expels pus, reduces swelling, promotes lactation (commonly used in galactagogues, can also be taken alone), induces abortion.
Root resembles a small Gua Lou (Trichosanthes fruit), taste similar to Shan Yao (Dioscorea rhizome), root and seed are interchangeable (Jing Shu states: Main indications are slightly similar to Gua Lou. For erythema exanthematicum due to Cold Damage, use Wang Gua mashed juice mixed with Fulong Gan powder, very effective).
Unblocking, moving blood.
Sweet and bitter, neutral in nature. Its nature moves without staying, able to enter the blood aspect and unblock blood vessels, acting on the Yangming, Chong, and Ren channels (Yangming has abundant Qi and blood).
Dispels wind, removes bi-syndrome, stops bleeding, alleviates pain, unblocks menstruation, facilitates defecation, promotes lactation (folk saying: Pangolin scales and Galanga fruit, when taken by women, cause milk to flow continuously), induces labor. Treats metal wounds (stops bleeding), carbuncles and sores (disperses blood), extracts bamboo or wood splinters. Contraindicated in pregnancy.
Flowers resemble bells, fruits resemble lanterns, seed shells have five ridges. Take the shoots and seeds, steam them, soak in sour rice water for use.
Slippery intestines, unblock orifices.
Sweet, cold, bland, and slippery. Moistens dryness and unblocks orifices, circulates Ying and Wei, nourishes Qi and vessels, moves body fluids, facilitates urination and defecation, reduces edema (use Yu Pi equal parts decocted and taken), unblocks Guan Ge (obstruction syndrome), promotes lactation, slips the fetus.
Qiu Kui replanted, producing seeds after winter into spring, is named Dong Kui Zi (Winter Okra Seed). Roots and leaves have the same efficacy. Chun Kui Zi (Spring Okra Seed) is also slippery but unsuitable for medicinal use.
Shu Kui Hua (Hibiscus mutabilis flower): Red treats red leukorrhea, white treats white leukorrhea; red treats blood dryness, white treats Qi dryness. Also treats bloody strangury and Guan Ge, all utilizing its cold, slippery, and lubricating properties.