通淋，补劳
甘苦微寒。清肺金以滋化源（凡行水之药，必皆能先清肺火），通膀胱而利水道。益精
气，补五劳（利湿清热之功。高阳生对宣帝治劳伤，用石韦计）。治淋崩发背（炒末，冷调，
酒服）。
生石阴，柔韧如皮，背有黄毛。去毛，微炙用。杏仁、滑石、射干为使，得菖蒲良。生
古瓦上者名瓦韦，治淋。
通淋，泻湿热
甘寒淡渗。除小肠、膀胱血分湿热。
治肿满、五淋、茎痛。得栀子、牙硝、硼砂，治伤寒热狂（大热利小便，此釜底抽薪之
义也）。
茎细如线，引竹木上。叶级皱处，有砂黄赤色。忌火。
通，利湿热，治诸黄
苦燥湿，寒胜热。入足太阳（膀胱）经。发汗利水，以泄太阴、阳明（脾、胃）之湿热。
为治黄胆之君药（脾胃有湿热则发黄，黄者，脾之色也。热甚者，身如桔色，汗如柏汁
。亦有寒湿发黄、身熏黄而色暗。大抵治以茵陈为主，阳黄加大黄、栀子，阴黄加附子、干
姜，各随寒热治之）。又治伤寒时疾，狂热瘴疟，头痛头旋，女人瘕疝（皆湿热为病）。
宣，通，利湿，清暑
辛散皮肤之蒸，温解心腹之凝结。属金、水而主肺，为清暑之主药。肺气清，则小便行
而热降（暑必兼湿，治暑必兼利湿，若无湿，但为干热，非暑也）。
治呕逆水肿（熬膏服，小便利则消）、香港脚口气（煎汤含敷）。单服治霍乱转筋（时珍曰∶
暑月乘凉饮冷，致阳气为阴邪所遏，反中入内，遂病头痛，发热恶寒，烦躁口渴，吐泻霍乱
，宜用之，以发越阳气、散暑和脾则愈。若饮食不节、劳役作伤之人，伤暑大热大渴，汗出
如雨，烦躁喘促，或泻或吐者，乃内伤之证。宜用清暑益气汤、人参白虎汤之类，以泻火益
元可也。若用香薷，是重虚其表，而济之热矣。盖香薷乃夏月解表之药，如冬月之用麻黄，
气虚者尤不宜多服，今人谓能解暑，概用代茶，误矣！李士材曰∶香薷为夏月发汗之药，其
性温热，只宜于中暑之人，若中热者误服之，反成大害，世所未知。按洁古云∶中暑为阴证
、为不足，中热为阳证、为有余。经曰∶气盛身寒，得之伤寒；气虚身热，得之伤暑。故中
暑宜温散，中热宜清凉。身寒“寒”字，当“热”字看，伤寒必病热）。陈者胜（宜冷冻饮料，
热服令人泻）。
通淋，补劳
味甘、苦，性微寒。清肃肺金以滋养化源（凡是具有利水作用的药物，必定都能先清除肺火），疏通膀胱而通利水道。益精气，补五劳（这是利用其利湿清热的功效。高阳生对宣帝治疗劳伤时，使用石韦计）。治疗淋证、崩漏及发背（将石韦炒成末，用冷水调匀，酒送服）。
石韦生于阴湿的岩石上，质地柔韧如皮，背面有黄色绒毛。使用时需去毛，微炙后应用。杏仁、滑石、射干作为使药，配合菖蒲效果更佳。生长在古瓦上的称为瓦韦，主治淋证。
通淋，泻湿热
味甘、寒，淡渗利窍。清除小肠和膀胱血分的湿热。
治疗肿胀满闷、五淋、茎中疼痛。配合栀子、牙硝、硼砂，可治疗伤寒热狂（通过大剂量利尿来清热，这是“釜底抽薪”的道理）。
茎细如线，攀附在竹木上生长。叶片褶皱处有砂状黄赤色物质。忌用火烤。
通利湿热，治疗各种黄疸
味苦能燥湿，性寒能胜热。入足太阳（膀胱）经。能发汗利水，以宣泄太阴、阳明（脾、胃）的湿热。
是治疗黄疸的主药（脾胃有湿热则发黄，黄色对应脾的颜色。热势严重的，身体像橘色，汗液像柏汁。也有因寒湿导致的发黄，身体熏黄且颜色晦暗。大抵治疗以茵陈为主，阳黄加大黄、栀子，阴黄加附子、干姜，各随寒热辨证施治）。又治疗伤寒时行疾病、热狂瘴疟、头痛头晕、女性瘕疝（这些都是湿热引起的病症）。
宣散，通利，利湿，清暑
辛味能发散皮肤之蒸热，温性能解除心腹之凝结。属金、水二行而主肺，是清解暑邪的主药。肺气清肃，则小便通畅而热势下降（暑邪必兼夹湿气，治疗暑邪必须兼顾利湿，如果没有湿气，只是单纯的干热，那就不是暑邪了）。
治疗呕吐逆气、水肿（熬膏服用，小便通利则水肿消退）、脚气病及口气（煎汤含漱或外敷）。单用治疗霍乱转筋（李时珍说：夏季乘凉饮冷，导致阳气被阴邪遏制，反而内侵，于是出现头痛、发热恶寒、烦躁口渴、吐泻霍乱等症状，适宜使用香薷，以发越阳气、散暑和脾即可痊愈。如果是饮食不节制、劳累过度的人，患暑病出现大热大渴、汗出如雨、烦躁喘促，或者腹泻呕吐的，这是内伤的证候。适宜用清暑益气汤、人参白虎汤之类，以泻火益元即可。如果使用香薷，会进一步虚损体表，并助长热邪。因为香薷是夏季解表的药物，如同冬季使用麻黄，气虚者尤其不宜多服，现在的人认为它能解暑，一概用来代茶饮用，这是错误的！李士材说：香薷是夏季发汗的药物，其性温热，只适宜于中暑之人，如果中热者误服，反而造成大害，世人尚不了解这一点。按张洁古所说：中暑属于阴证、属于不足，中热属于阳证、属于有余。经书说：气盛身寒，得之于伤寒；气虚身热，得之于伤暑。所以中暑适宜温散，中热适宜清凉。原文中的“身寒”的“寒”字，应当当作“热”字理解，伤寒必然表现为热病）。陈年的香薷药效更好（适宜冷冻饮料送服，热服会导致腹泻）。
To unblock strangury, tonify deficiency.
Sweet and bitter, slightly cold. Clears Lung Metal to nourish the source of transformation (any drug that promotes water metabolism must first clear Lung fire), unblocks the Bladder and benefits the water passages. Benefits essence and Qi, tonifies the five deficiencies (This utilizes its function of promoting dampness drainage and clearing heat. Gao Yangsheng used Shiwei for Emperor Xuan's treatment of labor injury). Treats strangury, metrorrhagia, and back carbuncle (Stir-fry into powder, mix with cold water, take with wine).
Grows on shady stones, flexible like leather, with yellow hairs on the back. Remove hairs, use after slight roasting. Xingren (Apricot Seed), Huashi (Talcum), and Shegan (Belamcanda Rhizome) act as guiding herbs; it works well with Changpu (Acorus Rhizome). Those growing on ancient tiles are named Wa Wei, treating strangury.
Unblock strangury, drain damp-heat.
Sweet, cold, and bland, penetrating and draining. Removes damp-heat from the blood aspect of the Small Intestine and Bladder.
Treats swelling and fullness, the five types of strangury, and penile pain. Combined with Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit), Yaxiao (Natrii Sulfas), and Pengsha (Borax), it treats typhoid fever with mania (Promoting urination in large quantities clears heat, embodying the principle of "removing firewood from under the cauldron").
The stem is thin as a thread, climbing bamboo or wood. Leaves have folds where yellow-red sandy substances appear. Avoid fire.
Unblock, promote damp-drainage, treat various jaundices.
Bitter dries dampness, cold overcomes heat. Enters the Foot-Taiyang (Bladder) meridian. Induces sweating and promotes urination to vent damp-heat of the Taiyin and Yangming (Spleen, Stomach).
It is the chief herb for treating jaundice (When damp-heat exists in the Spleen and Stomach, jaundice appears; yellow corresponds to the color of the Spleen. In severe heat, the body resembles an orange color, sweat resembles cypress juice. There is also jaundice caused by cold-dampness, where the body is smoked-yellow and dark in color. Generally, Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) is the main herb; for Yang Jaundice, add Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) and Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus); for Yin Jaundice, add Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) and Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), treating according to cold or heat patterns). It also treats typhoid and epidemic diseases, manic febrile malarial disorders, headache and vertigo, and women's jian masses (all are diseases caused by damp-heat).
Disperse, unblock, promote damp-drainage, clear summerheat.
Pungent disperses steaming heat from the skin, warm resolves coagulation in the heart and abdomen. Belongs to Metal and Water, governs the Lung, and is the chief herb for clearing summerheat. When Lung Qi is clear, urination flows freely and heat descends (Summerheat always combines with dampness; treating summerheat must involve promoting damp-drainage; without dampness, it is merely dry heat, not summerheat).
Treats vomiting and edema (Boil into paste, take; when urination increases, edema subsides), beriberi and bad breath (Decoct soup for gargling or external application). Taken alone to treat cholera with muscle cramps (Shizhen said: In summer, seeking coolness and drinking cold beverages causes Yang Qi to be suppressed by Yin pathogens, which then invade internally, resulting in headache, fever with aversion to cold, irritability, thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, and cholera. It is suitable to use here to vent Yang Qi, scatter summerheat, and harmonize the Spleen for recovery. However, for those injured by irregular diet or overwork, suffering from summerheat disease with high fever, extreme thirst, profuse sweating like rain, irritability, panting, either diarrhea or vomiting, this is an internal injury syndrome. It is suitable to use Qingshu Yiqi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Tonify Qi Decoction) or Renshen Baitu Tang (Ginseng and White Tiger Decoction) to purge fire and benefit Yuan Qi. Using Xiangru (Moslae Herba) would further deplete the exterior and assist heat. Xiangru is a summer exterior-releasing drug, similar to Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) in winter; those with Qi deficiency should especially avoid taking it in excess. Nowadays, people believe it can clear summerheat and generally use it as tea, which is a mistake! Lishicai said: Xiangru is a summer sweating drug; its nature is warm and hot, suitable only for those with yin-type summerheat (Zhongshu). If those with yang-type summerheat (Zhonger) take it by mistake, it will cause great harm, which the world does not yet know. According to Jiegu: Summerheat (Zhongshu) is a Yin syndrome, characterized by deficiency; summer-heat (Zhonger) is a Yang syndrome, characterized by excess. The classics state: Excess Qi with cold body results from Cold Damage; Deficient Qi with hot body results from Summerheat Injury. Therefore, Zhongshu should be treated with warm dispersion, while Zhonger should be treated with cooling. The word "cold" in "cold body" should be read as "hot"; Cold Damage inevitably manifests as heat). Aged material is superior (Suitable to drink with chilled beverages; taken hot, it causes diarrhea).