泻肝，破气，散积
辛苦而温，色青气烈。入肝胆气分。疏肝泻肺（柴胡疏上焦肝气，青皮平下焦肝气。凡
泻气药，皆云泻肺），破滞削坚，除痰消痞。治肝气郁积，胁痛多怒，久疟结癖（入肝散邪，
入脾除痰，疟家必用之品，故清脾饮以之为君），疟痛乳肿（丹溪曰∶乳房属阳阴，乳头属
厥阴。乳母或因忿怒郁闷，浓味酿积，致厥阴之气不行，故窍不得出。阳明之血腾沸，故热
甚而化脓。亦因其子有滞痰膈热，含乳而睡，嘘气致生结核者，初起便须忍痛揉软，吮令汁
透，自可消散。治法以青皮疏肝滞，石膏清胃热，甘草节行浊血，瓜蒌消肿导毒。或加没药、
橘叶、金银花、蒲公英、皂角刺、当归，佐以少酒，若于肿处灸三五壮尤捷。久则凹陷，名
乳癌，不可治矣）。最能发汗（皮能达皮，辛善发散），有汗及气虚人禁用（陈皮升浮，入脾、
肺治高；青皮沉降，入肝、胆治低。炒之以醋，所谓肝欲散，急食辛以散之，以酸泄之，以
苦降之也）。橘之青而未黄者。醋炒用（古方无用者，宋以后始与陈皮分用）。
润肺，涩肠，宁嗽
甘平性涩（生柿性寒）。脾、肺血分之药。健脾涩汤，润肺宁嗽，而消宿血。治肺痿热
咳，咯血反胃（有人三世病反胃，得一方，柿干同干饭日日食，不饮水，遂愈），肠风痔漏
（肺与大肠相表里，脏清则腑热亦除。《泊宅编》∶柿干烧灰饮，服二钱，治下血）。忌蟹。
柿霜乃其精液。生津化痰，清上焦心、肺之热为尤佳。治咽喉口舌疮痈。
柿蒂止呃逆（古方单用，取其苦温降气。《济生》加丁香、生姜，取其开郁散痰，亦从
治之法。《产宝》云∶产后呃逆、烦乱。柿饼一个，煮汁热饮）。
【青皮】
具有疏泄肝气、破散气滞、消散积块的功效。
其味辛、苦，性温，颜色青，气味浓烈。归入肝、胆经的气分。能疏理肝气并泻肺（柴胡疏解上焦肝气，青皮平抑下焦肝气。凡是言“泻”的气药，都说是泻肺），破除气滞、削坚散结，祛除痰饮、消除痞块。治疗肝气郁结积聚，胁肋疼痛、易怒，久疟形成的癖块（青皮入肝以疏散邪气，入脾以祛除痰饮，是治疗疟疾的必用药物，所以清脾饮将其作为主药），疟疾疼痛、乳房肿胀（朱丹溪说：乳房属于阳明经，乳头属于厥阴经。乳母如果因为愤怒或郁闷，加上肥甘厚味的积累，导致厥阴经之气运行不畅，所以乳窍不通。阳明经的血热沸腾，所以热势严重而化脓。也有因为婴儿有停滞的痰和膈间的热，含着乳头睡觉，呼出的热气导致产生结核的，初起时就必须忍着痛揉软它，吸吮使乳汁通畅，自然可以消散。治疗方法是用青皮疏解肝气滞涩，石膏清胃热，甘草节行散浊血，瓜蒌消肿导毒。或者加入没药、橘叶、金银花、蒲公英、皂角刺、当归，佐以少量酒，如果在肿胀处艾灸三五壮尤其见效。时间久了变成凹陷，名叫乳癌，就无法治愈了）。最能发汗（皮类药材能达于皮肤，辛味善于发散），有汗出和气虚的人禁用（陈皮升浮，入脾、肺经治疗上部病证；青皮沉降，入肝、胆经治疗下部病证。炒后用醋处理，所谓肝喜条达，急需食用辛味来疏散它，用酸味来泄降它，用苦味来下降它）。这是橘子青色未变黄时的果皮。用醋炒后使用（古方中没有单独使用的，宋代以后才开始与陈皮分开使用）。
【柿干】
具有润肺、涩肠、宁嗽的功效。
味甘，性平，性质涩（生柿子性寒）。是入脾、肺二经血分的药物。能健脾止泻，润肺止咳，并消除陈旧瘀血。治疗肺痿热咳、咯血及反胃（有人家三代人患反胃病，得到一个方子，用柿干同干饭每天吃，不喝水，于是痊愈），肠风痔漏（肺与大肠相表里，脏气清净则腑热也除。《泊宅编》记载：将柿干烧成灰冲服，每次二钱，治疗便血）。忌与螃蟹同食。
柿霜是柿子的精华液。生津化痰，清除上焦心、肺的热邪效果尤其好。治疗咽喉口舌疮痈。
柿蒂能止呃逆（古方中单用，取其苦温降气的功效。《济生方》中加入丁香、生姜，取其开郁散痰的功效，这也是从治的方法。《产宝》说：产后呃逆、心烦意乱。用一个柿饼，煮汁趁热饮用）。
[Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel)]
Drains the Liver, breaks Qi stagnation, and dissipates accumulations.
Pungent, bitter, and warm in nature; green in color with a strong aroma. Enters the Qi level of the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. Disperses Liver Qi and drains Lung Qi (Chaihu disperses Liver Qi in the Upper Jiao, while Qingpi levels Liver Qi in the Lower Jiao. Generally, Qi-draining herbs are said to drain the Lung), breaks stagnation, reduces hardness, eliminates phlegm, and resolves palpitations. Treats Liver Qi depression and accumulation, hypochondriac pain with irritability, and chronic malaria-related masses (Enters the Liver to disperse pathogens, enters the spleen to eliminate phlegm; it is an essential herb for malaria patients, hence it serves as the chief ingredient in Qingpi Yin). Treats malaria pain and breast swelling (Zhu Danxi stated: The breast belongs to the Yangming meridian, and the nipple belongs to the Jueyin meridian. If a nursing mother suffers from anger or depression, compounded by the accumulation of rich and greasy foods, the Qi of the Jueyin meridian fails to circulate, causing the orifices to be blocked. The blood of the Yangming meridian boils over, leading to severe heat and suppuration. It may also occur because the infant has stagnant phlegm and heat in the diaphragm, sleeps while suckling, and the exhaled heat causes nodules. In the early stage, one must endure the pain, massage until soft, and suckle to ensure milk flow, which will naturally resolve. The treatment method involves using Qingpi to disperse Liver Qi stagnation, Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) to clear Stomach heat, Gancao Jie (Licorice Root with Nodes) to move turbid blood, Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit) to reduce swelling and guide out toxins. Alternatively, add Moyao (Myrrha), Juye (Tangerine Leaf), Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Gongyinghua (Taraxaci Herba), Zaojiaoci (Gleditsiae Spina), and Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), assisted by a small amount of wine. Moxibustion of three to five moxa cones on the swollen area is particularly effective. If neglected for a long time, it becomes sunken and is named Ruai (Breast Cancer), which is incurable). It is most capable of inducing sweating (Peels can reach the skin, and pungency excels at dispersing); it is contraindicated in patients with spontaneous sweating and Qi deficiency (Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel) is ascending and floating, entering the Spleen and Lung to treat upper disorders; Qingpi is descending and sinking, entering the Liver and Gallbladder to treat lower disorders. Stir-fried with vinegar, adhering to the principle that "the Liver desires dispersion," one should urgently consume pungent substances to disperse it, sour substances to drain it, and bitter substances to descend it). This refers to the peel of the tangerine when it is green and not yet yellow. Use after stir-frying with vinegar (Ancient formulas did not use it separately; it began to be used distinctively from Chenpi after the Song Dynasty).
[Shigan (Dried Persimmon)]
Moistens the Lungs, astringes the Intestines, and calms coughs.
Sweet, neutral in nature, and astringent (Raw persimmons are cold). A herb entering the Blood level of the Spleen and Lungs. Strengthens the Spleen and stops diarrhea, moistens the Lungs and calms coughs, and eliminates old blood stasis. Treats Feiwei (Lung Atrophy) with heat-induced cough, hemoptysis, and regurgitation (There was a case where three generations suffered from regurgitation; they obtained a prescription to eat dried persimmons with dry rice daily without drinking water, and were cured). Treats Changfeng (Intestinal Wind) and hemorrhoids/fistulas (The Lung and Large Intestine are exterior-interior related; when the zang organ is clear, the fu organ's heat is also eliminated. *Bozhai Bian* records: Drinking ash made from burning dried persimmons, two qian per dose, treats bloody stool). Avoid crab.
Shishuang (Persimmon Frost) is its essence. Generates fluids, transforms phlegm, and clears heat in the Upper Jiao Heart and Lungs exceptionally well. Treats sores and abscesses of the throat, mouth, and tongue.
Shidi (Persimmon Calyx) stops hiccups (Used alone in ancient formulas for its bitter-warm property to direct Qi downward. *Jisheng Fang* adds Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos) and Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) to open depression and scatter phlegm, which is also a contrary treatment method. *Chanbao* states: For postpartum hiccups and restlessness, boil one Shibi (Persimmon Cake) and drink the juice hot).