〔害〕辛散性滑，暂用之品，阴虚肺热者，不宜专用及多用。即用亦须天冬、百部、麦
冬、
桑皮等药参用，则无害。
〔利〕苦能下气，辛温润肺益金，故保肺治吐血，为下气化痰润肺，治血痰劳嗽圣药。
能开
喉痹，取恶涎，虽入至高善于下趋，使气化及于州都之府，小便自利。然性温，阴虚肺热者
，不宜多用。如独用，须地黄、麦冬共济，根作节紫色润软者良。白者名女苑，入气分。
〔修治〕二三月采根，阴干去头及上，用东流水洗净，以蜜浸一宿，焙干用。一两用蜜
二分
。
〔害〕甘寒泻肺，肺中有水气，及肺火有余者宜之。性不纯良，不宜多用，肺虚无火而
小便
自利者，及因风寒而发咳嗽者勿服。桑根见地上者，名马额，有毒杀人。
〔利〕甘辛而寒，泻肺金之有余，止咳定喘，疏小肠之闭滞，逐水宽膨、消肿，治肤胀，
散
瘀血，主降气，能止渴下气清痰。
〔修治〕采无时，凡使采十年以上，向东畔嫩根，铜刀刮去青黄薄皮一重。取里白皮切
焙干
用，或蜜炙入药，其皮中涎勿去之，但药力俱在其上也。忌铁及铅。
〔害〕其功长于祛风化痰，散有余之邪。凡中风口噤，小儿惊悸夜啼，由于心虚，神魂
不宁
，血虚经络劲急所致，而无外邪为病者忌之。女子崩中，产后余痛，非风寒客入者，亦忌之
。今世治小儿惊风，不问虚实，一概混施，误甚。
〔利〕咸辛平宣，入肺脾肝。气味俱薄，轻浮而升，得清化之气，故能去风化痰，散结
行经
，治中风失音，头风齿痛，喉痹咽肿，丹毒瘙痒等风热为病。消瘰 ，拔疔毒，下乳汁，灭
瘢痕，治男子阴痒，女子崩淋。血病因风热乘肝者宜之，血虚勿用也。即蚕之病风者，用以
治风，殆取其气相感欤。
蚕蛹炒食，治风及劳瘦，为末饮服，治小儿疳瘦，长肌肉，退热，除蛔虫，敷恶疮。
蚕茧甘温，能泻膀胱相火，引清气上潮于口，止消渴。一名蚕蛾，烧灰酒服，治痈肿无
头次
日即破。又疗诸疮及下血崩淋。煮取汁饮，止渴反胃，除蛔虫。
蚕蜕（一名马明退）甘平无毒，治诸血症，疗喉痹风癫，解诸药及虫毒，妇人难产断产
皆需之
。
原蚕蛾 气热性淫，固精强阳。
原蚕沙 甘辛温，蚕属火，其性燥，燥能胜风去湿，主疗风湿之病。淘净晒干，炒黄浸
酒，
治支节不遂，皮肤顽痹，腰脚冷痛，冷血瘀血诸病。
缫丝汤 能抑心火，而治消渴。
茧中蛹汁 于茧甏下收之，茧卤汁，治百虫入内， 蚀瘙疥。
白肚蚕及乌烂死蚕 敷赤白游丹，斩蚀疮有根。
〔修治〕四月收采，凡使僵蚕，不拘早晚，但用白色条直者佳。先以糯米泔浸一日，待
蚕桑
涎出，如蜗涎浮水上，然后洒出。微火焙干，以布拭净黄肉毛并黑口甲了，用入丸散，捣筛
如粉入药。
【危害】紫菀：气味辛散且性质滑利，属于暂时使用的药物。阴虚肺热者，不宜单独使用或大量使用。即使使用，也必须配合天冬、百部、麦冬、桑白皮等药物共同使用，这样才没有害处。
【功效】紫菀：苦味能降气，辛温能润肺并补益肺气（金），因此是保肺治疗吐血，以及降气化痰、润肺，治疗血痰和虚劳咳嗽的圣药。它能开通喉痹，引出恶涎；虽然药性入至高之处，但善于向下引导，使气化作用到达膀胱（州都之府），从而使小便自然通利。然而其性温，阴虚肺热者不宜多用。如果单独使用，必须配合地黄、麦冬共同使用。以根部呈节状、紫色、润泽柔软者为佳。白色的称为女苑，主要入气分。
【炮制】在二三月采集根部，阴干后去掉头部及上部，用东流水洗净，用蜂蜜浸泡一夜，焙干后使用。一两药材用二分蜂蜜。
【危害】桑白皮：味甘性寒，能泻肺火。肺中有水气，以及肺火有余者适宜使用。其性质不纯良，不宜多用。肺虚无火而小便自利者，以及因风寒引起的咳嗽者，禁止服用。桑树根露出地面的部分，称为马额，有毒，能致人死亡。
【功效】桑白皮：味甘辛性寒，能泻肺金之有余，止咳平喘，疏通小肠的闭滞，驱逐水湿、消除胀满、消肿，治疗肤胀，消散瘀血，主司降气，能止渴、降气、清痰。
【炮制】采集没有固定时间。凡是要使用的，需选取十年以上桑树的向东一侧的嫩根，用铜刀刮去一层青黄色的薄皮。取内部的白色皮切段，焙干后使用，或者用蜜炙后入药。皮中的黏液不要去除，因为药力都在上面。忌用铁器和铅。
【危害】僵蚕：其功效长于祛风化痰，疏散有余之邪气。凡是中风口噤，小儿惊悸夜啼，由于心虚导致神魂不宁，血虚导致经络劲急所致，而没有外邪致病的情况，禁忌使用。女子崩漏，产后余痛，如果不是风寒客入引起的，也禁忌使用。当今世人治疗小儿惊风，不问虚实，一概混用，错误很大。
【功效】僵蚕：味咸辛性平宣散，入肺、脾、肝经。气味都很淡薄，轻浮而上升，得清化之气，所以能祛风化痰，散结行经，治疗中风失音、头风齿痛、喉痹咽肿、丹毒瘙痒等风热引起的疾病。能消瘰疬，拔除疔毒，下乳汁，灭瘢痕，治疗男子阴痒，女子崩淋。血病因风热乘袭肝脏者适宜使用，血虚者勿用。如果是患风病的蚕，用它来治风，大概是取其气相感应的道理吧。蚕蛹炒食，治疗风病及劳瘦，研末饮服，治疗小儿疳积消瘦，促进肌肉生长，退热，驱除蛔虫，敷贴恶疮。蚕茧味甘性温，能泻膀胱相火，引清气上潮于口，止消渴。又名蚕蛾，烧成灰后用酒送服，治疗无头痈肿，次日即破溃。又治疗各种疮疡及下血崩淋。煮取汁液饮用，止渴反胃，驱除蛔虫。蚕蜕（一名马明退）味甘性平无毒，治疗各种血症，疗喉痹风癫，解各种药物及虫毒，妇人难产断产都需要它。原蚕蛾气热性淫，固精强阳。原蚕沙味甘辛性温，蚕属火，其性燥，燥能胜风去湿，主治风湿之病。淘净晒干，炒黄浸酒，治疗肢体关节活动不利，皮肤顽痹，腰脚冷痛，冷血瘀血等各种疾病。缫丝汤能抑制心火，治疗消渴。茧中蛹汁在茧瓮下收集，茧卤汁，治疗百虫入内，蚀瘙疥。白肚蚕及乌烂死蚕，敷贴赤白游丹，斩断有根的蚀疮。
【炮制】四月采收。凡是要使用僵蚕，不拘早晚，只要用白色条直者为佳。先用糯米泔水浸泡一天，待蚕身上的涎液流出，像蜗牛涎液浮在水面上一样，然后洒出。用微火焙干，用布擦净黄色的肉毛和黑口甲，用于丸散，捣筛如粉入药。
[Harm] Ziwan (Asteris Radix): Its flavor is pungent and dispersing, and its nature is slippery; it is a substance for temporary use. It is not suitable for exclusive or heavy use in cases of Yin deficiency with lung heat. Even when used, it must be combined with herbs such as Tiandong (Asparagi Radix), Baibu (Stemonae Radix), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), and Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex) to avoid harm.
[Efficacy] Ziwan: The bitter taste can direct Qi downward, while the pungent and warm nature moistens the lungs and benefits Metal (Lung). Therefore, it is a supreme remedy for protecting the lungs, treating hemoptysis, directing Qi downward, resolving phlegm, moistening the lungs, and treating bloody sputum and consumptive coughs due to labor. It can open throat obstruction and draw out foul saliva/phlegm. Although it enters the highest regions, it excels at descending, allowing Qi transformation to reach the Bladder (Zhou Du Zhi Fu), thereby promoting free urination. However, since its nature is warm, it should not be used heavily in cases of Yin deficiency with lung heat. If used exclusively, it must be assisted by Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and Maidong. The root that is jointed, purple, moist, and soft is considered superior. The white variety is called Nüwan and primarily enters the Qi level.
[Processing] Harvest the roots in the second or third lunar month, dry them in the shade, remove the head and upper part, wash with water flowing from the east, soak in honey overnight, and bake until dry for use. Use two fen of honey for one liang of herb.
[Harm] Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex): Sweet and cold, it purges the Lungs. It is suitable for cases where there is fluid retention in the lungs or excess Lung fire. Its nature is not purely benign and should not be used heavily. It is contraindicated in cases of Lung deficiency without fire but with spontaneous free urination, and in cases of cough caused by wind-cold. The part of the mulberry root visible above ground is called Ma'e, which is toxic and can cause death.
[Efficacy] Sangbaipi: Sweet, pungent, and cold, it purges excess Lung Metal, stops cough and stabilizes wheezing, unblocks stagnation in the Small Intestine, expels water, reduces distension, reduces swelling, treats skin edema, dissipates blood stasis, governs descending Qi, and can stop thirst, direct Qi downward, and clear phlegm.
[Processing] There is no fixed time for harvesting. When using, select tender roots from the eastern side of trees older than ten years. Scrape off one layer of greenish-yellow thin bark with a copper knife. Take the inner white bark, cut it, bake until dry for use, or process with honey before adding to prescriptions. Do not remove the slime within the bark, as the medicinal power resides there. Avoid iron and lead.
[Harm] Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus): Its merit lies in dispelling wind and resolving phlegm, and scattering excess pathogenic factors. It is contraindicated in cases of stroke with locked jaw, pediatric palpitations and night crying due to Heart deficiency causing restless soul and spirit, or channel-tendon stiffness due to Blood deficiency, provided there are no external pathogens causing disease. It is also contraindicated in women with metrorrhagia and postpartum residual pain if not caused by invasion of wind-cold. Currently, people treat pediatric convulsions indiscriminately without distinguishing between deficiency and excess, which causes great error.
[Efficacy] Jiangcan: Salty, pungent, and neutral in dispersion, it enters the Lung, Spleen, and Liver meridians. Both flavor and qi are thin, light, floating, and ascending. Receiving the qi of clear transformation, it can dispel wind and resolve phlegm, dissipate nodules and promote menstruation. It treats stroke-induced aphonia, headache and toothache due to wind, throat obstruction and pharyngeal swelling, erysipelas, itching, and other diseases caused by wind-heat. It eliminates scrofula, draws out toxin from carbuncles, promotes lactation, removes scars, treats male genital itching, and female metrorrhagia and strangury. It is suitable for blood disorders caused by wind-heat attacking the Liver, but should not be used in Blood deficiency. If silkworms suffer from wind disease, using them to treat wind likely relies on the principle of resonance of similar energies. Fried silkworm pupae treat wind diseases and emaciation due to consumption; taken as powder with drink, they treat pediatric malnutrition and emaciation, promote muscle growth, reduce fever, and expel roundworms; applied externally, they treat malignant sores. Silkworm cocoons are sweet and warm, able to purge ministerial fire of the Bladder, guide clear Qi to moisten the mouth, and stop thirst. Also known as Can'e (Bombyx Mori), when burned to ash and taken with wine, it treats non-suppurating carbuncles, which break the next day. It also treats various sores, lower bleeding, and metrorrhagia. Decoction juice stops thirst and regurgitation, and expels roundworms. Candui (Silkworm Molt), also known as Mingretui, is sweet, neutral, and non-toxic; it treats various hemorrhagic diseases, cures throat obstruction and wind-stroke epilepsy, and detoxifies various medicines and insect poisons. It is needed for difficult childbirth and sterilization in women. Yuancan'e (Adult Bombyx Mori) has hot qi and lustful nature, consolidating essence and strengthening yang. Yuancangsha (Bombyx Batryticatus excrement) is sweet, pungent, and warm. Silkworms belong to Fire, so their nature is dry; dryness can overcome wind and eliminate dampness, mainly treating rheumatic diseases. After washing clean and drying, stir-fry until yellow and steep in wine to treat immobility of joints, stubborn numbness of skin, cold pain in waist and legs, and various diseases of cold blood and blood stasis. Saositang (Water from reeling silk) can suppress Heart fire and treat thirst. Jianzhongyuzhi (Juice from pupae inside cocoons) is collected under cocoon jars; jianluzhi (brine from cocoons) treats insects entering the body and erosive prurigo/scrabies. Baiducan (White-bellied silkworm) and Wulansican (Black-rotten dead silkworm) applied externally treat erysipelas and sever rooted erosive sores.
[Processing] Harvest in the fourth lunar month. When using Jiangcan, regardless of morning or evening, choose those that are white, straight, and fine. First, soak in rice bran water for one day until the slime from the silkworm emerges, resembling snail slime floating on water, then drain. Bake gently over low fire until dry. Wipe off yellow flesh, hairs, black mouths, and claws with cloth. Use for pills and powders, or grind into powder like flour for medicinal use.