〔害〕性滑动血，一切劳伤发热，阴虚内热无瘀血者，禁用。瘀因寒滞者忌投，多食令
人自
利，极能虚人。
〔利〕甘平，生用行血，炒黑止血，入东方血海，兼入州都，故又能利小便。
〔修治〕凡使勿用松黄并黄蒿。真蒲黄须隔三重纸，焙令色黄，蒸半日，却再焙干用之
妙。
此即香蒲花中蕊屑，汤成入药。生，滑破血，炒，涩止血。
（见肝部）
（见肺部）
〔害〕气雄上升，能耗血液。凡温病头痛，发热口渴，或骨疼，及伤寒发于春夏，阳证
头疼
，产后血虚火炎，皆不宜服。
〔利〕辛温，理大肠、小肠、膀胱寒湿，治风家巅顶作痛，女人阴肿疝疼。
（见肾部）
〔害〕发散之品，病患表虚易汗者，勿食。病已得汗，勿再进。多食葱，令人神昏，损
发须
，虚气上冲。同蜜食，下利，壅气杀人，名甜砒霜。同枣食，令人病。正月食生葱，令人面
上起游风。
〔利〕辛散轻平，入肺、胃、肝、膀胱。发汗解肌，通上下阳气，气通则血活，故治诸
血。
通气则解毒，故杀诸毒。宣风湿，利耳鸣，通二便，宣解用白须，通窍用青葱管。
〔修治〕大管冬葱入药为良，葱白连须用，采无时。
〔害〕其性阴毒。虽善下水除湿，然能耗损真阴，亏竭津液。元气虚人，除伤寒水结胸
不得
不用外，其余水肿鼓胀，小便频多，脾阴不足，土虚不能制水，以致水气泛滥者皆不宜用。
河间云∶诸湿肿满，皆属脾土，法应补脾实土，兼利小便，而反用甘遂下之，是重虚其本也
。水既暂去，复肿，必死矣。必察病属湿热有饮有水，而元气尚壮，乃可一施，不然多致不
起，戒之须慎。
〔利〕苦甘寒，泻肾、膀胱及隧道水湿，逐留饮水胀，攻痞结疝瘕。
仲景治心下留饮，与甘草同行，取其相反以立功。凡水胀，以甘遂涂腹绕脐，内服甘草汤，
其肿便消。二物相反，而感应如神。
〔修治〕二、八月采根阴干，用东流水浸去黑水，面裹煨熟用，以去其毒，入丸散，捣
为末。
【危害】蒲黄药性滑利，能行血。凡属一切劳损内伤引起的发热、阴虚内热且无瘀血阻滞者，禁用。若瘀血是由寒邪凝滞所致，也忌用。多食蒲黄会导致人自发性腹泻，极易使人身体虚弱。
【功效】蒲黄味甘性平。生用可通行血脉，炒黑后具有止血作用。它入肝经（东方血海），兼入膀胱（州都），因此又能通利小便。
【炮制】使用时不要用松黄和黄蒿冒充。真正的蒲黄必须隔三层纸，焙至颜色变黄，再蒸半天，然后再次焙干使用，这样效果更佳。
这实际上是香蒲花中的蕊屑，汤剂煎成后加入药物中。生用则滑利破血，炒用则涩而止血。
（见肝部）
（见肺部）
【危害】甘遂气雄烈而上行，能耗伤血液。凡是温病引起的头痛、发热口渴，或骨节疼痛，以及伤寒在春夏季节发作的阳证头痛，还有产后血虚火炎上冲者，都不宜服用。
【功效】甘遂味辛性温，能调理大肠、小肠、膀胱的寒湿，治疗风邪导致的头顶疼痛，以及妇女阴肿和疝气疼痛。
（见肾部）
【危害】葱属于发散类药物，表虚容易出汗的病人，不要食用。病已出汗后，不要再进服。多吃葱，会使人神志昏沉，损伤头发胡须，导致虚气上冲。与蜂蜜同食，会引起腹泻，壅滞气机甚至致死，被称为“甜砒霜”。与枣同食，会使人致病。正月吃生葱，会使脸上出现游走性的风疹。
【功效】葱味辛，散气轻平，入肺、胃、肝、膀胱经。能发汗解肌，通达上下阳气，气通则血活，因此能治疗各种血症。
通气则能解毒，因此能杀灭各种毒物。宣散风湿，缓解耳鸣，通利大小便。宣解郁结需用白须，通窍需用青葱管。
【炮制】粗大的冬葱入药为良，葱白连须一起使用，采集没有固定时间。
【危害】甘遂其性属阴毒。虽然善于泻下排水除湿，但会耗损真阴，枯竭津液。元气虚弱的人，除了伤寒水结胸证非用不可外，其余的水肿鼓胀、小便频多、脾阴不足、土虚不能制水导致水气泛滥的情况，都不宜使用。
刘河间说：各种湿肿胀满，都属于脾土病变，治法应当补脾实土，兼以利小便，如果反而用甘遂攻下，这是使根本更加虚弱。水虽暂时去除，随后又肿胀，必然死亡。必须察看病证属于湿热且有饮有水，且元气尚壮实，才可以施用，否则多导致病情恶化无法挽回，务必谨慎戒除。
【功效】甘遂味苦甘性寒，能泻肾、膀胱及经络隧道中的水湿，驱逐留饮引起的胀满，攻破痞结和疝瘕积聚。
张仲景治疗心下留饮，与甘草同用，取其相反相成的功效来发挥作用。凡是水胀病，用甘遂涂抹腹部绕脐一周，内服甘草汤，水肿即可消退。这两味药性质相反，但感应疗效如神。
【炮制】二、八月采集根部阴干，用东流水浸泡以去除黑水，用面粉包裹煨熟后使用，以去除其毒性。入丸散剂时，捣碎为末。
[Harm] The nature of Puhuang (Polygoni Typhonii Rhizoma) is slippery and moving, affecting blood. It is strictly contraindicated for all cases of consumptive injury with fever, yin deficiency with internal heat, and those without blood stasis. If the stasis is caused by cold stagnation, it should also be avoided. Excessive consumption causes spontaneous diarrhea and severely debilitates the body.
[Benefit] Puhuang (Polygoni Typhonii Rhizoma) is sweet in taste and neutral in nature. When raw, it promotes blood circulation; when stir-fried until blackened, it stops bleeding. It enters the Liver meridian (the Blood Sea of the East) and also the Bladder meridian (Zhou Du), thus it can also promote urination.
[Processing] Do not use Songhuang or Huanghao as substitutes. True Puhuang (Polygoni Typhonii Rhizoma) must be placed between three layers of paper, roasted until yellow, steamed for half a day, and then roasted dry again for optimal efficacy.
This substance is actually the dust from the stamens of Typha orientalis flowers. Add to the decoction after cooking. Raw form is slippery and breaks blood; stir-fried form is astringent and stops bleeding.
(See Liver Section)
(See Lung Section)
[Harm] Gansui (Kansui Radix) has a potent ascending qi that consumes blood. It is unsuitable for headache, fever, thirst, or bone pain caused by warm diseases; yang-pattern headaches occurring during spring and summer in cold damage diseases; and postpartum conditions involving blood deficiency with flaming fire.
[Benefit] Gansui (Kansui Radix) is acrid in taste and warm in nature. It regulates cold-dampness in the Large Intestine, Small Intestine, and Bladder. It treats vertex headaches caused by wind pathogens, as well as vulvar swelling and hernia pain in women.
(See Kidney Section)
[Harm] Scallion (Allium fistulosum) is a dispersing agent. Patients with exterior deficiency prone to sweating should not consume it. Do not administer further if sweating has already occurred. Excessive consumption causes mental confusion, damages hair and beard, and leads to the upward rushing of deficient qi. Consuming it with honey causes diarrhea, qi stagnation, and even death, earning it the name "Sweet Arsenic". Consuming it with dates causes illness. Eating raw scallion in the first lunar month causes migratory wind-rashes on the face.
[Benefit] Scallion (Allium fistulosum) is acrid, dispersing, light, and neutral. It enters the Lung, Stomach, Liver, and Bladder meridians. It induces sweating and releases the muscle layer, unblocks the upper and lower yang qi. When qi flows freely, blood circulates, thus treating various blood disorders.
Unblocking qi resolves toxicity, thus killing various poisons. It disseminates wind-dampness, relieves tinnitus, and unblocks urination and defecation. Use the white roots to resolve stagnation, and use the green stems to open orifices.
[Processing] Thick winter scallions are best for medicinal use. Use the white part connected with the roots. Harvest at any time.
[Harm] Gansui (Kansui Radix) possesses a yin-toxic nature. Although it excels at draining water and removing dampness, it consumes true yin and depletes fluids. For individuals with deficient yuan qi, except in cases of Cold Damage with water accumulation in the chest where it is indispensable, it is unsuitable for edema, abdominal distension, frequent urination, spleen yin deficiency, or water flooding due to earth deficiency failing to control water.
Hejian stated: All dampness, swelling, and fullness belong to Spleen Earth pathology. The method should involve tonifying the Spleen and strengthening the Earth, combined with promoting urination. Using Gansui (Kansui Radix) to purge in such cases further weakens the root. Although water may temporarily leave, subsequent swelling will lead to death. One must verify that the disease belongs to damp-heat with fluid retention and that the yuan qi is still robust before administering; otherwise, it often leads to untreatable conditions. Caution is required.
[Benefit] Gansui (Kansui Radix) is bitter and sweet in taste, and cold in nature. It drains water-dampness from the Kidney, Bladder, and collaterals. It expels retained fluids causing distension and attacks palpitations, nodules, and hernia masses.
Zhang Zhongjing treated retained fluid under the heart by using it together with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, leveraging their antagonistic interaction to achieve therapeutic effect. For water distension, apply Gansui (Kansui Radix) around the umbilicus externally while internally administering Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Decoction; the swelling subsides. These two substances are antagonistic yet their synergistic response is miraculous.
[Processing] Harvest roots in the second and eighth months and dry them in the shade. Soak in flowing water from the east to remove black water. Wrap in flour and bake until cooked to reduce toxicity. For pills and powders, grind into fine powder.