气味甘寒，无毒。主风寒湿痹，乳难，养五脏，益气力，肥健，消水。久服耳目聪明
，不饥延年，轻身，面生光，能行水上。
（泽泻《本经》名水泻，主泻水上行故名。始出汝南池泽，今近道皆有，唯汉中者为佳。
生浅水中，独茎直上，根圆如芋，有毛。）
泽泻，水草也。气味甘寒，能启水阴之气上滋中土。主治风寒湿痹者，启在下之水津，
从中
土而灌溉于肌腠皮肤也。乳者，中焦之汁，水津滋于中土，故治乳难。五脏受水谷之精，泽
泻泻泽于中土，故养五脏。肾者作强之官，水精上资，故益气力。从中土而灌溉于肌腠，故
肥健。水气上而后下，故消水。久服耳目聪明者，水济其火也。不饥延年者，水滋其土也。
轻身面生光者，水泽外注也。能行水上者，言此耳目聪明，不饥延年，轻身，面生光，以其
能行在下之水，而使之上也。
气味辛温，无毒。主风寒湿痹，咳逆上气，开心孔，补五脏，通九窍，明耳目，出音
声，主耳聋痈疮，温肠胃，止小便利。久服轻身、不忘，不迷惑，延年，益心智，高志，不
老。
（菖蒲处处有之，种类不一。其生流水中，根茎络石，略无少土，稍有泥滓即易凋萎，
此种
入药为良。李时珍曰∶菖蒲凡五种，生于水石之间，根细节密者，名石菖蒲，可入药。余皆
不堪。此草新旧相代，四时常青，《罗浮山记》言∶山中菖蒲一寸二十节。抱朴子言∶服食
以
一寸九节、紫花者尤善。苏东坡曰∶凡草生石上者，必须微土，以附其根，唯石菖蒲濯去泥
土，渍以清水置盆中，可数十年不枯。）
太阳之气，生于水中，上与肺金相合而主表，与君火相合而主神。菖蒲生于水石之中，
气味辛温，乃禀太阳寒水之气，而上合于心肺之药也。主治风寒湿痹，咳逆上气者，太阳之
气，
上与肺气相合而出于肌表也。开心孔者，太阳之气，上与心气相合而运其神机也。五脏在内
，九窍在外，肝开窍于二目，心开窍于二耳，肺开窍于二鼻，脾开窍于口，肾开窍于前后二
阴。菖蒲禀寒水之精，能濡五脏之窍，故内补五脏，外通九窍，明耳目，出音声，是通耳目
口鼻之上窍也。又曰∶主耳聋、痈疮者，言耳不能听而为耳痈、耳疮之证。菖蒲并能治之。
温肠胃，止小便利，是通前后二阴之下窍也。菖蒲气味辛温，性唯上行，故温肠胃而止小便
之过利。久服则阳气盛，故轻身。心气盛，故不忘，寒水之精，太阳之阳，标本相合，故不
迷惑而延年。益心智者，菖蒲益心，心灵则智生，高志不老者，水精充足，则肾志高强，其
人能寿而不老。
【泽泻】
气味甘寒，无毒。主治风寒湿痹（由风、寒、湿邪侵袭经络关节引起的肢体疼痛、麻木、屈伸不利等病证），乳汁不通，滋养五脏，益气力，使身体丰满健壮，消除水饮停聚。长期服用可使耳聪目明，不感饥饿而延年益寿，身体轻健，面色光泽，甚至能在水上行走。
（泽泻在《神农本草经》中名为“水泻”，因其主要功效是引导水气上行排泄而得名。最初产于汝南的池泽，现在各地都有出产，只有汉中产的质量最佳。它生长在浅水中，茎干单一且笔直向上，根部圆形像芋头，表面有毛。）
泽泻是水草。气味甘寒，能够开启下焦水阴之气，使其上升以滋润中焦脾胃。主治风寒湿痹，是因为它能开启在下焦的水津，通过中焦脾胃灌溉到肌肉纹理和皮肤。乳是来源于中焦的水谷精微汁液，水津滋润了中焦脾胃，所以能治疗乳汁不通。五脏接受水谷的精微物质，泽泻将水泽之利作用于中焦脾胃，所以能滋养五脏。肾是作强之官（指肾脏功能强健，主骨生髓，精力充沛），水精上承资助，所以能增强气力。通过中焦脾胃灌溉到肌肉纹理，所以能使身体丰满健壮。水气先上升然后下行，所以能消除水饮。长期服用使人耳聪目明，是因为水能济助心火。不饥饿而延年，是因为水能滋润脾土。身体轻健、面色光泽，是因为水泽之气外注于体表。所谓能在水上行走，是指上述耳聪目明、不饥延年、身体轻健、面色光泽等功效，都是因为它能调动在下焦的水气，使其向上运行。
【菖蒲】
气味辛温，无毒。主治风寒湿痹，咳嗽气逆，开通心窍，补益五脏，通达九窍，使耳目聪明，发出声音，主治耳聋、痈疮，温暖肠胃，止住小便频数。长期服用可身体轻健，记忆力强，不迷惑昏沉，延年益寿，增进心智，志向高远，容颜不老。
（菖蒲到处都有，种类不一。其中生长在水流中的，根茎缠绕石头，几乎没有泥土，稍有泥滓就容易凋萎，这种入药效果最好。李时珍说：菖蒲共有五种，生长在水石之间的，根节细密的是石菖蒲，可以入药。其余的都不可用。这种草新旧交替，四季常青，《罗浮山记》说：山中的菖蒲一寸长有二十个节。抱朴子说：服用以一寸九节、开紫花的为最好。苏东坡说：凡是生长在石头上的草，必须有一点微土来附着根系，只有石菖蒲洗去泥土，浸泡在清水中放在盆里，可以几十年不枯死。）
太阳之气生于水中，向上与肺金相合而主管体表，与君火相合而主管神志。菖蒲生长在水石之间，气味辛温，禀受了太阳寒水之气，是向上配合心肺的药物。主治风寒湿痹、咳嗽气逆，是因为太阳之气向上与肺气相合，从肌表发散出来。开通心窍，是因为太阳之气向上与心气相合，从而运化神机。五脏在内，九窍在外，肝开窍于双眼，心开窍于双耳，肺开窍于双鼻，脾开窍于口，肾开窍于前后二阴。菖蒲禀受寒水之精，能濡润五脏之窍，所以内补五脏，外通九窍，使耳目聪明，发出声音，这是通达耳目口鼻的上窍。又说：主治耳聋、痈疮，是指耳朵不能听音而导致的耳痈、耳疮病症，菖蒲都能治疗。温暖肠胃，止住小便频数，这是通达前后二阴的下窍。菖蒲气味辛温，性质唯向上行，所以能温暖肠胃并止住小便过度频利。长期服用则阳气旺盛，所以身体轻健。心气旺盛，所以记忆力强。寒水之精与太阳之阳，标本相合，所以不迷惑昏沉而延年益寿。增进心智，是因为菖蒲补益心脏，心灵明澈则智慧产生；志向高远、容颜不老，是因为水精充足，则肾志高强，这样的人能长寿而不衰老。
[Alismatis Rhizoma]
The flavor is sweet and cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats wind-cold-dampness bi syndrome (a condition characterized by pain, numbness, and limited mobility of limbs and joints caused by invasion of wind, cold, and damp pathogens), difficulty in lactation, nourishes the five zang organs, boosts qi and strength, promotes robustness and health, and eliminates water retention. Long-term consumption makes the ears and eyes acute, prevents hunger and prolongs life, lightens the body, gives a lustrous complexion, and even enables one to walk on water.
(Alismatis Rhizoma was named "Shui Xie" in *Shennong Bencao Jing*, named so because its main function is to guide water qi upward for excretion. It originally grew in the ponds of Runan, but is now available everywhere; those from Hanzhong are considered the best. It grows in shallow water, has a single stem rising straight up, and a round root resembling taro with hairs.)
Alismatis Rhizoma is an aquatic plant. Its sweet and cold flavor can initiate the qi of lower jiao yin-water, allowing it to ascend and moisten the middle jiao spleen-stomach. It treats wind-cold-dampness bi syndrome by initiating the water fluids located below, irrigating the muscle textures and skin through the middle jiao. Milk is the fluid derived from the middle jiao; since water fluids moisten the middle jiao, it treats difficulty in lactation. The five zang organs receive the essence of food and drink; Alismatis Rhizoma directs the benefits of water to the middle jiao spleen-stomach, thus nourishing the five zang organs. The Kidney is the official of strength (referring to the kidney's strong function governing bones, marrow, and vitality); as water essence ascends to support it, it boosts qi and strength. By irrigating the muscle textures through the middle jiao, it promotes robustness. Water qi ascends first and then descends, thus eliminating water retention. Long-term consumption leads to acute hearing and vision because water assists heart fire. Preventing hunger and prolonging life occurs because water moistens spleen earth. Lightening the body and giving a lustrous complexion happens because water essence flows outward to the body surface. The phrase "walking on water" refers to the aforementioned effects—acute senses, longevity, physical lightness, and luster—all because it mobilizes the water qi in the lower jiao and causes it to ascend.
[Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma]
The flavor is pungent and warm, non-toxic. It primarily treats wind-cold-dampness bi syndrome, cough with rebellious qi, opens the heart orifice, tonifies the five zang organs, unblocks the nine orifices, clarifies the ears and eyes, facilitates voice production, treats deafness and carbuncles/sores, warms the stomach and intestines, and stops frequent urination. Long-term consumption results in a light body, good memory, lack of confusion, prolonged life, enhanced mental acuity, lofty aspirations, and anti-aging.
(Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma is found everywhere and varies in type. Those growing in flowing water, with rhizomes clinging to rocks and having little to no soil, are prone to wither if any mud adheres; these are the best for medicinal use. Li Shizhen stated: There are five types of Acorus; those growing between water and rocks with fine, dense nodes are called Shi Chang Pu (Stone Acorus) and are suitable for medicine. The others are unsuitable. This grass replaces old leaves with new ones year-round. *Luofu Mountain Records* states: Acorus in the mountains has twenty nodes per inch. Baopuzi stated: For ingestion, those with nine nodes per inch and purple flowers are superior. Su Dongpo said: Herbs growing on rocks usually require a bit of soil to anchor their roots, but only Stone Acorus, when washed clean of mud and soaked in clear water in a basin, can remain fresh for decades.)
The Taiyang (Greater Yang) qi is born from water, ascends to combine with Lung Metal to govern the exterior, and combines with Ministerial Fire to govern spirit. Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma grows among water and rocks; its pungent and warm flavor embodies the qi of Taiyang Cold Water, making it a herb that ascends to harmonize with the Heart and Lungs. It treats wind-cold-dampness bi syndrome and cough with rebellious qi because the Taiyang qi ascends to combine with Lung Qi and disperses from the muscle surface. Opening the heart orifice occurs because the Taiyang qi ascends to combine with Heart Qi, thereby operating the spiritual mechanism. The five zang organs are internal, while the nine orifices are external: the Liver opens into the two eyes, the Heart into the two ears, the Lungs into the two nostrils, the Spleen into the mouth, and the Kidneys into the anterior and posterior yins. Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma embodies the essence of Cold Water and can moisten the orifices of the five zang organs; thus, it internally tonifies the five zang organs and externally unblocks the nine orifices, clarifying the ears and eyes and facilitating voice, which refers to unblocking the upper orifices of the ears, eyes, mouth, and nose. Furthermore, treating deafness and carbuncles/sores refers to conditions where the ear loses hearing leading to ear carbuncles or sores, which Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma can treat. Warming the stomach and intestines and stopping frequent urination refers to unblocking the lower orifices of the anterior and posterior yins. Because Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma is pungent and warm and its nature moves exclusively upward, it warms the stomach and intestines and stops excessive urinary frequency. Long-term consumption increases yang qi, resulting in a light body. Increased Heart Qi ensures good memory. The combination of Cold Water essence and Taiyang Yang, representing root and branch harmony, prevents confusion and prolongs life. Enhancing mental acuity occurs because Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma benefits the Heart; a clear Heart generates wisdom. Lofty aspirations and anti-aging occur because sufficient Water Essence strengthens Kidney Will, enabling longevity without aging.