气味甘平，无毒。主治邪气腹胀心痛，利大小便，补中益气。
（百合近道山谷处处有之。三月生苗，高二三尺，一茎直上，叶如竹叶，又似柳叶，四
向而
生，五月茎端开白花，芬芳六出，四垂向下，昼开夜合，故名夜合花。其根如蒜，细白而长
，重叠生二三十瓣。煮食甘美，取瓣分种，如种蒜法，一种花红不四垂者，山丹也。一种花
红带黄而四垂，上有黑斑点，其子黑色，结在枝叶间者，卷丹也。其根皆同百合，皆可煮食
，而味不美。盖一类三种，唯白花者入药，余不可用。）
百合色白属金，味甘属土，昼开夜合，应天道之昼行于阳，夜行于阴，四向六合，应土
气之
达于四旁。主治邪气腹胀心痛者，邪气下乘于脾，则地气不升而腹胀。邪气上乘于肺，则天
气不降而心痛。盖腹者脾之部，肺者心之盖也。利大小便者，脾气上升，肺气下降，则水津
四布，糟粕营运矣。补中者，补脾。益气者，益肺也。
气味辛温，无毒。主治胸满咳逆上气，温中，止血，出汗，逐风湿痹，肠 下痢，生
者尤良。
（干姜用母姜晒干，以肉浓而白净，结实明亮如天麻者为良，故又名白姜。临海、章安、
汉温、池州诸处皆能作之，
今江西、浙江皆有，而三衢开化者佳。）
太阴为阴中之至阴，足太阴主湿土，手太阴主清金。干姜气味辛温，其色黄白，乃手足
太
居胸上，肺寒则满也。咳逆上气者，手足太阴之气不相通贯，致肺气上逆也。温中者，言干
姜主治胸满咳逆上气，以其
能温中也。脾络虚寒，则血外溢。干姜性温，故止血也。出汗者，辛以润之，开腠理，致津
液通气也。逐风湿痹者，辛
能发散也。肠 下痢，乃脾脏虚寒。《伤寒论》云∶脾气孤弱，五液注下，下焦不合，状如
豚肝。干姜能温脾土，故治肠
下痢。生者尤良，谓生姜能宣达胃气，用之尤良。
按∶桂枝、葛根、柴胡诸汤，并胃逆呕吐，表寒诸证，多用生姜。夫生姜乃老姜所生之
子姜
阳明为太阴之府，故干姜治脾，生姜治胃，脏腑者，子母之谓也。
按∶《神农本经》只有干姜、生姜，而无炮姜，后人以干姜炮黑，谓之炮姜。《金匮要略》
治肺痿，用甘草干姜汤，其干姜亦炮，是炮姜之用，仲祖其先之矣。姜味本辛，炮过则辛味
稍减，主治产后血虚身热，及里寒吐血，衄血，便血之证。若炮制太过，本质不存，谓之姜
炭，其味微苦不辛，其质轻浮不实，又不及炮姜之功能矣。即用炮姜，亦必须三衢开化之母
姜，始为有力。今药肆中多以伤水变味之生姜，晒干炮用，未免有名无实。
气味甘平，无毒。主治邪气腹胀心痛，利大小便，补中益气。
（百合在靠近道路的山谷中到处都有。三月生苗，高二三尺，一茎直立向上，叶如竹叶，又似柳叶，向四周生长，五月茎端开白花，芬芳六瓣，四垂向下，白天开放夜晚闭合，所以叫夜合花。它的根像蒜，细白而长，重叠生长二三十瓣。煮食味道甘甜美味，取瓣分种，像种蒜的方法一样。有一种花红不四垂的，是山丹。有一种花红带黄而四垂，上面有黑斑点，它的子黑色，结在枝叶间的，是卷丹。它们的根都同百合一样，都可以煮食，但味道不美。大概是一类三种，只有白花者入药，其余不可用。）
百合色白属金，味甘属土，昼开夜合，顺应天道之昼行于阳，夜行于阴，四向六合，顺应土气之达于四旁。主治邪气腹胀心痛者，邪气下乘于脾，则地气不升而腹胀。邪气上乘于肺，则天气不降而心痛。腹者是脾之部，肺者是心之盖也。利大小便者，脾气上升，肺气下降，则水津四布，糟粕营运矣。补中者，补脾。益气者，益肺也。
气味辛温，无毒。主治胸满咳逆上气，温中，止血，出汗，逐风湿痹，肠 下痢，生者尤良。
（干姜用母姜晒干，以肉浓而白净，结实明亮如天麻者为良，故又名白姜。临海、章安、汉温、池州诸处皆能作之，今江西、浙江皆有，而三衢开化者佳。）
太阴为阴中之至阴，足太阴主湿土，手太阴主清金。干姜气味辛温，其色黄白，乃手足太阴之药。居胸上，肺寒则满也。咳逆上气者，手足太阴之气不相通贯，致肺气上逆也。温中者，言干姜主治胸满咳逆上气，以其能温中也。脾络虚寒，则血外溢。干姜性温，故止血也。出汗者，辛以润之，开腠理，致津液通气也。逐风湿痹者，辛能发散也。肠 下痢，乃脾脏虚寒。《伤寒论》云∶脾气孤弱，五液注下，下焦不合，状如豚肝。干姜能温脾土，故治肠 下痢。生者尤良，谓生姜能宣达胃气，用之尤良。
按∶桂枝汤、葛根汤、柴胡汤等，并胃逆呕吐，表寒诸证，多用生姜。夫生姜乃老姜所生之子姜。阳明为太阴之府，故干姜治脾，生姜治胃，脏腑者，子母之谓也。
按∶《神农本草经》只有干姜、生姜，而无炮姜，后人以干姜炮黑，谓之炮姜。《金匮要略》治肺痿，用甘草干姜汤，其干姜亦炮，是炮姜之用，仲祖其先之矣。姜味本辛，炮过则辛味稍减，主治产后血虚身热，及里寒吐血，衄血，便血之证。若炮制太过，本质不存，谓之姜炭，其味微苦不辛，其质轻浮不实，又不及炮姜之功能矣。即用炮姜，亦必须三衢开化之母姜，始为有力。今药肆中多以伤水变味之生姜，晒干炮用，未免有名无实。
Taste and Nature: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Indications: Treats abdominal distension and heart pain caused by pathogenic factors; promotes urination and defecation; tonifies the middle jiao and benefits qi.
(Baihe [Lilii Bulbus] is found everywhere in valleys near roads. In the third lunar month, shoots emerge, growing two or three chi high, with a single stem rising straight up. The leaves resemble those of bamboo and willow, growing in all directions. In the fifth month, white flowers bloom at the tip of the stem, fragrant with six petals drooping downwards. They open during the day and close at night, hence the name "Night-closing Flower" (Yehéhuā). Its root resembles garlic, being slender, white, and long, composed of twenty to thirty overlapping scales. Boiled for food, it is sweet and delicious. Propagation is done by separating the scales, similar to planting garlic. One variety has red flowers that do not droop, known as Shandan [Lilium brownii]. Another variety has red flowers tinged with yellow that droop, with black spots on them and black seeds forming among the branches and leaves, known as Juandan [Lilium lancifolium]. Their roots are identical to Baihe and can all be boiled for food, but their taste is not pleasant. Essentially, these are one species with three varieties; only the white-flowered variety is used medicinally, while the others are not suitable.)
Baihe is white and belongs to Metal; its sweet taste belongs to Earth. It opens during the day and closes at night, corresponding to the Heavenly Dao where Yang moves by day and Yin moves by night. Its growth in four directions and six aspects corresponds to the Qi of Earth reaching the four peripheries. Regarding its indication for abdominal distension and heart pain caused by pathogenic factors: when pathogenic factors descend to invade the Spleen, Earth Qi fails to ascend, leading to abdominal distension. When pathogenic factors ascend to invade the Lung, Heaven Qi fails to descend, leading to heart pain. The abdomen is the domain of the Spleen, and the Lung is the canopy over the Heart. Promoting urination and defecation occurs because when Spleen Qi ascends and Lung Qi descends, body fluids distribute widely, and waste materials are transported and excreted. "Tonifying the middle" refers to tonifying the Spleen. "Benefiting Qi" refers to benefiting the Lung.
Taste and Nature: Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Indications: Treats chest fullness, coughing, rebellious Qi ascending; warms the middle; stops bleeding; induces sweating; expels wind-damp bi syndrome; treats intestinal dysentery. Raw Ganjiang is particularly effective.
(Ganjiang [Zingiberis Rhizoma] is made by sun-drying mother ginger. The best quality is thick-fleshed, white and clean, solid and bright like Tianma [Gastrodiae Rhizoma], hence also called Baijiang [White Ginger]. It can be produced in Linhai, Zhang'an, Hanwen, Chizhou, and other places. Currently, it is available in Jiangxi and Zhejiang, with the best quality coming from Kaihua in Sanqu.)
Taiyin is the utmost Yin within Yin. Foot Taiyin governs Damp-Earth, and Hand Taiyin governs Clear-Metal. Ganjiang has a pungent and warm nature, and its color is yellowish-white, making it a herb for both Foot and Hand Taiyin meridians. Located in the upper chest, cold in the Lung causes fullness. Coughing and rebellious Qi ascending result from the Qi of Hand and Foot Taiyin failing to connect smoothly, causing Lung Qi to rebel upward. "Warming the middle" means that Ganjiang treats chest fullness, coughing, and rebellious Qi ascending because it can warm the middle jiao. Deficiency-cold in the Spleen collaterals causes blood to overflow externally. Because Ganjiang is warm, it stops bleeding. "Inducing sweating" refers to the pungent flavor moistening through opening the couli (pores), allowing fluids and Qi to circulate. "Expelling wind-damp bi" is due to the dispersing action of the pungent flavor. Intestinal dysentery is caused by deficiency-cold of the Spleen organ. The *Shanghan Lun* states: "When Spleen Qi is isolated and weak, the five fluids pour downward, and the lower jiao fails to consolidate, resembling pig liver." Ganjiang can warm Spleen-Earth, thus treating intestinal dysentery. "Raw is particularly good" implies that Shengjiang [Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens] can disseminate and reach Stomach Qi, making it especially good to use.
Note: Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), Gegen Tang (Pueraria Decoction), Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction), etc., along with rebellious vomiting due to Stomach Qi and various syndromes of exterior cold, mostly use Shengjiang. Shengjiang is the "son ginger" born from old ginger. Yangming is the fu organ of Taiyin. Therefore, Ganjiang treats the Spleen, and Shengjiang treats the Stomach. The Zang-Fu organs represent the relationship of mother and son.
Note: The *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists only Ganjiang and Shengjiang, without Paogjiang [Roasted Ginger]. Later generations roasted Ganjiang until black and called it Paogjiang. The *Jingui Yaolue* uses Gancao Ganjiang Tang (Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction) to treat Feiwei [Lung Withering], using roasted Ganjiang therein. Thus, Zhongjing [Zhang Zhongjing] anticipated the use of Paogjiang. Ginger's original taste is pungent; after roasting, the pungency slightly decreases. It treats postpartum heat due to blood deficiency, and syndromes of hematemesis, epistaxis, and hematochezia due to interior cold. If roasted excessively, the essential nature is lost, and it is called Jiangtan [Ginger Charcoal]. Its taste becomes slightly bitter and not pungent, and its substance becomes light and floating, lacking substantiality, rendering it inferior even to Paogjiang. Even when using Paogjiang, one must use mother ginger from Kaihua in Sanqu to ensure efficacy. Currently, many pharmacies use Shengjiang that has been damaged by water and altered in flavor, drying and roasting it, which is merely nominal without practical effect.