味苦，性温，无毒。入肺、肾、大肠三经。忌铜铁器。
用浆水于砂盆中研，焙干再研，如鸟犀色。
固肠医泻利，敛肺治咳血。兴阳事，止遗泄。外用能止牙疼，能染须发，能治口疮阴疮，
能涂酒渣之鼻。
此药有功于止涩，然亦不宜独用多用也。
味酸、辛，性大温，无毒。入心、脾、大肠三经。畏芫花，恶大黄、松脂。 ，水飞。
久患肠 ，频频脱肛。生肌长肉，外治痈疡。
石脂固涩，新痢家忌用。
（见补气）
味苦、辛，性温，无毒。入脾经。畏恶同白术。产茅山者佳。泔浸，蒸晒。
燥湿消痰，发汗解郁。除山岚瘴气，弭灾诊恶疾。
苍术为湿家要剂，痰与气俱化，辛温快气，汗与郁并解。芳气辟邪，得天地之正气者欤。
苍术与白术，功用相似，补中逊之，燥性过之，无湿者便不敢用，况于燥证乎。
味甘，性寒，无毒。入脾经。
健脾消水肿，益气充肌肤。
楮实，虽能消水健脾，然脾胃虚寒者勿用。
味甘，性平，入脾经。
水肿初起，饮之可消，虽药味平常，而奏功甚妙。
农村用之治浮肿有效，盖健脾行水之功也。
味辛，性温，无毒。入心、脾、肾三经。去壳，盐水炒，研细。
温中进食，补肾扶脾。摄涎唾，缩小便。安心神，止遗浊。
辛能开散，使郁结宣通，行阳退阴之药也。古人进食，必先益志，为其于土中益火故耳。
益智，功专补火，如血燥有热，及因热而遗浊者，不可误入也。
味苦，性温，无毒。入肺、肾、大肠三经。忌铜铁器。
用浆水于砂盆中研，焙干再研，如鸟犀色。
固肠医泻利，敛肺治咳血。兴阳事，止遗泄。外用能止牙疼，能染须发，能治口疮阴疮，
能涂酒渣之鼻。
此药有功于止涩，然亦不宜独用多用也。
味酸、辛，性大温，无毒。入心、脾、大肠三经。畏芫花，恶大黄、松脂。 ，水飞。
久患肠 ，频频脱肛。生肌长肉，外治痈疡。
石脂固涩，新痢家忌用。
（见补气）
味苦、辛，性温，无毒。入脾经。畏恶同白术。产茅山者佳。泔浸，蒸晒。
燥湿消痰，发汗解郁。除山岚瘴气，弭灾诊恶疾。
苍术为湿家要剂，痰与气俱化，辛温快气，汗与郁并解。芳气辟邪，得天地之正气者欤。
苍术与白术，功用相似，补中逊之，燥性过之，无湿者便不敢用，况于燥证乎。
味甘，性寒，无毒。入脾经。
健脾消水肿，益气充肌肤。
楮实，虽能消水健脾，然脾胃虚寒者勿用。
味甘，性平，入脾经。
水肿初起，饮之可消，虽药味平常，而奏功甚妙。
农村用之治浮肿有效，盖健脾行水之功也。
味辛，性温，无毒。入心、脾、肾三经。去壳，盐水炒，研细。
温中进食，补肾扶脾。摄涎唾，缩小便。安心神，止遗浊。
辛能开散，使郁结宣通，行阳退阴之药也。古人进食，必先益志，为其于土中益火故耳。
益智，功专补火，如血燥有热，及因热而遗浊者，不可误入也。
Bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung (Fei), Kidney (Shen), and Large Intestine (Dachang) meridians. Avoid copper and iron vessels.
Grind with sour rice water in a mortar, dry by baking, then grind again until it resembles the color of bird rhino horn.
It consolidates the intestines to treat diarrhea and dysentery, astringes the lungs to treat hemoptysis, promotes sexual function, and stops seminal emission and involuntary urination. Externally applied, it can relieve toothache, dye hair, treat mouth sores and genital ulcers, and apply to noses affected by rosacea.
This herb is effective for astringency, but should not be used alone or in large doses.
Sour and pungent in flavor, strongly warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Heart (Xin), Spleen (Pi), and Large Intestine (Dachang) meridians. Incompatible with Daphne genkwa (Yuanhua), adverse to Rhubarb (Dahuang) and pine resin. [Text missing: likely refers to Kaolin/Hongtashi], prepared by levigation.
For chronic intestinal prolapse with frequent rectal prolapse. It generates flesh and regenerates tissue, used externally to treat carbuncles and sores.
Kaolin (Shizhi) has strong astringent properties; it is contraindicated in patients with acute dysentery.
(See Qi Tonification)
Bitter and pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen (Pi) meridian. Its incompatibilities are the same as Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu). The variety produced at Maoshan is superior. Soak in rice washing water, steam, and sun-dry.
It dries dampness and resolves phlegm, induces sweating and relieves depression. It eliminates mountain miasma and prevents disasters and serious diseases.
Atractylodes lancea (Cangzhu) is an essential remedy for dampness conditions; both phlegm and qi stagnation are transformed. Its pungent and warm nature moves qi, resolving sweat retention and depression simultaneously. Its aromatic fragrance expels evil pathogens, seemingly possessing the upright qi of heaven and earth.
The functions of Cangzhu and Baizhu are similar; however, Cangzhu is inferior in tonifying the middle jiao and excessive in its drying nature. Those without dampness dare not use it, let alone those with dryness syndromes.
Sweet in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen (Pi) meridian.
It strengthens the spleen and reduces edema, supplements qi and fills the skin and muscles.
Broussonetia papyrifera fruit (Chushi), although capable of reducing water retention and strengthening the spleen, should not be used by those with deficiency-cold of the spleen and stomach.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, enters the Spleen (Pi) meridian.
For early-stage edema, drinking it can reduce swelling. Although the medicinal taste is ordinary, its efficacy is remarkable.
Rural areas use it effectively to treat edema, due to its function of strengthening the spleen and promoting water metabolism.
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Heart (Xin), Spleen (Pi), and Kidney (Shen) meridians. Remove shells, stir-fry with salt water, and grind into fine powder.
It warms the middle jiao and promotes digestion, tonifies the kidney and supports the spleen. It controls saliva and reduces urinary frequency. It calms the spirit and stops seminal emission and turbid urine.
Its pungency can disperse and open, making it a herb that promotes yang and retreats yin. Ancients believed that to promote appetite, one must first benefit the will (Zhi), because it benefits fire within the earth element.
Alpinia oxyphylla (Yizhi), whose function is specifically to tonify fire, should not be mistakenly prescribed for those with blood dryness and heat, or for seminal emission/turbid urine caused by heat.