味甘，性热，有毒。蛇床为使。恶牡丹、牡蒙。畏紫石英。忌羊血。反人参、白术。入
银器
、煮水，减即添煮，三日夜，色变黄白，换水再煮，色清不变，毒去尽矣。水飞过，再研半
日。
益精壮阳，下焦之虚弱堪珍。止嗽解渴，上部之虚寒宜宝。
其气剽悍，令阳气暴充，饮食倍进。昧者，得此肆淫，则精竭火炎，发为痈疽淋浊，岂
钟乳
之罪邪？大抵命门火衰者，相宜。不尔，便有害矣。
味苦，性微寒，无毒。入肺经。恶防己，反藜芦。
补中益肺，养胃生津。整肃上热，疏痰利咳。定心内惊烦，退皮间邪热。
气轻力薄，非肩弘任大之品也。人参甘温体重，专益肺气，补阳而生阴。沙参甘寒体轻，
专
清肺热，补阴而制阳。
沙参性寒，脏腑无实热及寒留肺经而嗽者，勿服。
又名孩儿参。味甘、微苦，性平，无毒。入脾、肺二经。
益气健脾，生津养肺。气血不足，病后虚羸。倦怠乏力，自汗萎靡。食少心悸，口干液
亏，
用以调补，能使春回。
此药力薄，须持续服用，其效始着。
味苦、甘，性凉，无毒。入肺、胃二经。
滋补肺金称善，疗治虚火尤宜。能养胃以生津，除烦倦而不疲。
伤寒论之竹叶石膏汤，白虎加人参汤，均可改用西洋参。
味甘，性寒，无毒。入心、肝、脾、肾四经。恶贝母。
忌铜、铁、葱、蒜、萝卜、诸血。产怀庆，黑而实肥者佳。
凉血补阴，去瘀生新。养筋骨，益气力。理胎产，主劳伤，通二便，消宿食。心病而掌
中热
痛，脾病而痿 贪眠。
味甘，性热，有毒。以蛇床子为引经药。畏牡丹、牡蒙（一种植物），怕紫石英。忌食羊血。与人参、白术相反。放入银器中，加水煮，如果水减少就添加继续煮，煮三天三夜，颜色变为黄白色，换水再煮，直到颜色清澈不再变化，毒性就完全去除了。用水飞法研磨，再研半天。
能补益精髓、壮阳，是下焦虚弱的珍贵药材。能止咳、解渴，是上焦虚寒的宝物。
它的药气剽悍迅猛，能使阳气突然充盛，食欲大增。愚昧的人，得到此药后放纵性欲，就会导致精液枯竭、火气上炎，引发痈疽、淋证、浊症等病，这难道是钟乳石的罪过吗？大抵命门火衰的人，适合服用。如果不是这种情况，就会有害。
能补中气、益肺气，养胃生津。能清肃上部的热邪，疏通痰湿、利于咳嗽。能安定心中因内热引起的惊悸烦躁，退除皮肤间的邪热。
药气轻浮、药力薄弱，不是能担当重任的大药。人参味甘性温、体重质重，专于补益肺气，补阳气而生阴液。沙参味甘性寒、体轻质轻，专于清泄肺热，补阴液而制约阳气。
沙参性寒，脏腑没有实热，以及寒邪留滞肺经导致的咳嗽者，不要服用。
能益气健脾，生津养肺。适用于气血不足、病后身体虚弱消瘦。倦怠乏力、自汗、精神萎靡。食欲不振、心悸、口干津液亏损，用此药调补，能使身体恢复生机。
此药力薄，必须持续服用，效果才会显著。
滋补肺金功效良好，治疗虚火尤其适宜。能养胃以生津液，消除烦倦而不使人疲劳。
忌铜、铁、葱、蒜、萝卜、各种肉类。产于怀庆府，黑色且质地坚实肥厚者为佳。
能凉血补阴，祛除瘀血、生成新血。滋养筋骨，益气力。调理胎产疾病，主治劳伤，通利大小便，消除积食。心病导致手掌心发热疼痛，脾病导致肢体痿软、贪睡。
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Hot. Toxicity: Toxic. Guiding herb: Cnidii Fructus (Shechuangzi). Incompatible with Paeoniae Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi) and Mumeng (a plant). Feared by Fluorite (Zi Shiyun). Contraindicated with Ovis/Capis Sanguis (Yangxue, Sheep blood). Antagonistic to Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu). Place in a silver vessel, add water and boil. If the water reduces, add more and continue boiling for three days and nights until the color changes to yellowish-white. Change the water and boil again until the color is clear and unchanging; the toxicity is completely removed. Process by levigation (water flying), then grind for another half day.
Benefits essence and strengthens yang; precious for deficiency-cold of the lower jiao. Stops cough and relieves thirst; valuable for deficiency-cold of the upper jiao.
Its qi is fierce and rapid, causing sudden abundance of yang qi and significantly increasing appetite. Ignorant people who indulge in sexual activity after taking this will suffer from exhaustion of essence and flaming fire, leading to carbuncles, sores, stranguria, and turbid urine. Is this the fault of Stalactitum (Zhongru)? Generally, it is suitable for those with decline of Mingmen fire. Otherwise, it causes harm.
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Meridian tropism: Lung. Incompatible with Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fangji). Antagonistic to Veratri Radix (Lilu).
Supplements the middle and benefits the lung, nourishes the stomach and generates fluids. Clears heat in the upper jiao, disperses phlegm and facilitates cough. Calms internal palpitations and irritability caused by heat, dispels pathogenic heat in the skin.
Its qi is light and its power is thin; it is not a substance capable of bearing heavy responsibilities. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) is sweet and warm, heavy in texture, specifically supplements lung qi, tonifies yang and generates yin. Adenophorae Radix (Shashen) is sweet and cold, light in texture, specifically clears lung heat, nourishes yin and controls yang.
Adenophorae Radix (Shashen) is cold in nature. It should not be taken by those without excess heat in the zang-fu organs, or those with cough due to cold lingering in the lung meridian.
Also known as Codonopsis Radix (Haier Shen). Taste: Sweet, slightly bitter. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Meridian tropism: Spleen, Lung.
Benefits qi and strengthens the spleen, generates fluids and nourishes the lung. Suitable for insufficiency of qi and blood, emaciation and weakness after illness. Fatigue, spontaneous sweating, listlessness. Poor appetite, palpitations, dry mouth and fluid deficiency. Using this for regulation and supplementation can restore vitality.
This medicine has weak power; continuous administration is required for its effects to become apparent.
Taste: Bitter, sweet. Nature: Cool. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Meridian tropism: Lung, Stomach.
Excellent for nourishing Lung Metal, especially suitable for treating deficient fire. Nourishes the stomach to generate fluids, eliminates vexation and fatigue without causing tiredness.
In the *Treatise on Cold Damage* (*Shanghan Lun*), Zhuyegao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Pericarpium Gossypii Decoction) and Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Plus Ginseng Decoction) can both be substituted with American Ginseng Radix (Xiyangshen).
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Meridian tropism: Heart, Liver, Spleen, Kidney. Incompatible with Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (Beimu).
Contraindicated with copper, iron, Allium fistulosum (Cong), Allium sativum (Suan), Raphanus sativus (Luobo), and various meats. Produced in Huaiqing, those that are black and solid/fleshy are superior.
Cools blood and nourishes yin, removes stasis and generates new blood. Nourishes sinews and bones, benefits qi and strength. Regulates pregnancy and postpartum conditions, treats labor injuries, unblocks urination and defecation, resolves retained food. For heart disease presenting with heat and pain in the palm; for spleen disease presenting with flaccidity and excessive sleepiness.