味苦，性平，无毒。入肝、肾二经。
滋肝阴以明目，益肾阴以聪耳。黑须发，养精神。膂力加倍，腰膝健壮。合鳢肠成二至
之丸
，为益阴妙品，龈衄头昏均可治。伍荷叶为二至之茶，乃清上佳饮，额疼眩晕，阳浮巅顶总
堪尝。
禀天地至阴之气，故凌冬不凋，气薄味浓，阴中之阴，降也。虽曰补益，偏于阴寒者也。
脾胃虚家，久服之往往腹痛作泻。又尚有女贞子、桑椹子、蔓荆子合用之验方，名
三子
煎，治头风及因虚风动，有抽筋之感觉者。
女贞叶∶味微苦，性平，无毒。
除风散血，消肿定痛。治头目昏疼，祛血凝热肿。口舌生疮，捣汁含用。
（见食疗）
味苦，性温，无毒。入肾经。去毛，蜜蒸。
主骨碎折伤，去瘀生新。耳响不聪、牙疼发落。上热下冷、肾虚泄泻。
所治诸症，皆是足少阴肾经。观其命名，想见功力。戴元礼用以治骨痿有效。
经疏云∶“勿与风燥药同用。”
味辛，性温，无毒。入心、脾二经。秦艽为使。恶麻黄。忌饴糖、羊肉。勿犯铁器，令
人吐
逆。石生，细而节密者佳。去毛，微炒。
宣五脏，耳聪目明，通九窍，心开智长。和中辟浊，能出音声。风寒湿痹宜求，咳逆
上气莫
缺。止小便利，理脓 疮。
菖蒲，禀孟夏之气，合从革之辛，芳香利窍，辛温达气，心脾之良药也；故善宣通，能
除湿
痹。
菖蒲香燥，阴血不足者，禁之。惟佐地黄、门冬之属，资其宣导，臻于太和。与远
志伍
，入凉膈散，名转舌膏，可清心宁神，转舌活命。
味苦，性平，无毒。入肝、肾二经（肝脏与肾脏的经络系统）。
滋养肝阴以明亮双目，补益肾阴以增强听力。使头发变黑，养护精神体力。筋骨力量加倍，腰部和膝盖强健有力。与鳢肠（墨旱莲）合用制成“二至丸”，是滋补阴液的妙品，牙龈出血和头晕均可治疗。配合荷叶制成“二至茶”，是清上焦的佳饮，额头疼痛和眩晕，阳气浮越于头顶的症状都适合服用。
禀受天地最纯阴之气，所以凌冬不凋谢，气薄味浓，属于阴中之阴，具有沉降作用。虽然说是补益药，但偏向于阴寒性质。脾胃虚弱的人，长期服用往往会导致腹痛腹泻。另外还有女贞子、桑椹子、蔓荆子合用的验方，名为“三子煎”，治疗头风病以及因虚风内动引起的有抽筋感觉的症状。
女贞叶：味微苦，性平，无毒。
祛除风邪，散瘀血，消肿定痛。治疗头目昏沉疼痛，驱除血凝热肿。口舌生疮，捣碎取汁含漱使用。
（见食疗部分）
味苦，性温，无毒。入肾经。去毛，用蜂蜜蒸制。
主治骨骼折断损伤，去除瘀血，促进新生。耳鸣耳聋、牙齿疼痛、头发脱落。上热下冷、肾虚泄泻。
所治疗的诸种病症，都属于足少阴肾经。观察其命名，可以想见其功效。戴元礼用它治疗骨痿症有效。
《本草经疏》说：“不要与风燥药同用。”
味辛，性温，无毒。入心、脾二经。秦艽作为引经药。忌与麻黄同用。避免饴糖、羊肉。不要接触铁器，否则令人呕吐逆气。生于石缝中，细小且节密者为佳。去毛，微炒。
宣通五脏，耳聪目明，通利九窍，心神开启智慧增长。调和脾胃，辟除浊气，能发出声音。风寒湿痹证适宜寻求此药，咳嗽气逆上冲不可缺。止小便频数，调理脓疮。
石菖蒲，禀受孟夏之气，合从革之辛味，芳香利窍，辛温通达气机，是心脾两经的良药；所以善于宣通，能除湿痹。
石菖蒲香燥，阴血不足者，禁用。只有佐以地黄、麦门冬等药物，资助其宣导作用，才能达到太和境界。与远志配伍，加入凉膈散中，名为转舌膏，可清心宁神，转舌活命。
Bitter in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians.
Nourishes Liver Yin to brighten the eyes; tonifies Kidney Yin to improve hearing. Darkens hair and beard, nourishes spirit and vitality. Doubles physical strength, strengthens lower back and knees. Combined with Ecliptae Herba (Ehuichang) to form Erzhi Wan (Two Solstices Pill), it is an excellent product for benefiting Yin; gum bleeding and dizziness can be treated. Mixed with Nelumbinis Folium (Lotus Leaf) to make Erzhi Tea, it is a superior drink for clearing the upper jiao; forehead pain, vertigo, and floating Yang at the vertex are all suitable for consumption.
Endowed with the most pure Yin Qi of Heaven and Earth, it does not wither in winter. Its Qi is thin but its taste is strong; it is Yin within Yin, possessing a descending action. Although described as a tonic, it leans towards Yin-Cold nature. Individuals with Spleen-Stomach deficiency often experience abdominal pain and diarrhea after long-term use. Additionally, there is an empirical formula combining Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (Nu Zhen Zi), Morii Fructus (Sang Shen Zi), and Viticis Fructus (Man Jing Zi), named Sanzi Jian (Three Seeds Decoction), used to treat Tou Feng (Head Wind) and symptoms involving a sensation of muscle twitching due to internal stirring of deficient Wind.
Nu Zhen Ye (Ligustri Lucidi Folium): Slightly bitter in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
Dispels Wind, dissipates blood stasis, reduces swelling and relieves pain. Treats dizziness, heaviness, and pain of the head and eyes; dispels heat and swelling caused by blood coagulation. For sores in the mouth and tongue, crush and extract juice for gargling.
(See Dietary Therapy section)
Bitter in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Kidney meridian. Remove hairs, steam with honey.
Primarily treats bone fractures and injuries, removes blood stasis, and generates new tissue. Tinnitus and deafness, toothache, and hair loss. Upper heat and lower cold, Kidney deficiency diarrhea.
All the conditions treated belong to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Observing its name, one can infer its efficacy. Dai Yuanli used it effectively to treat Gu Wei (Bone Atrophy).
Ben Cao Jing Shu states: "Do not use together with Wind-Drying herbs."
Acrid in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Heart and Spleen meridians. Qin Jiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) acts as a guiding herb. Adverse reaction with Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang). Avoid Yi Tang (Maltose) and mutton. Do not contact iron vessels, as this causes vomiting and regurgitation. Grows among rocks; those that are fine and have dense nodes are superior. Remove hairs, stir-fry slightly.
Promotes the functions of the Five Zang organs, sharpens hearing and vision, unblocks the Nine Orifices, opens the Heart mind, and increases wisdom. Harmonizes the middle jiao, repels turbidity, and enables voice production. Indicated for Bi syndrome caused by Wind-Cold-Dampness; indispensable for cough and rebellious Qi ascending. Stops frequent urination, manages suppurative sores.
Shi Chang Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) is endowed with the Qi of Early Summer, combines with the Acrid flavor of Metal/Wood transformation, possesses aromatic properties to benefit orifices, and uses Acrid-Warmness to circulate Qi; it is a fine medicine for the Heart and Spleen. Therefore, it excels at promoting circulation and can dispel Damp-Bi.
Shi Chang Pu is aromatic and drying; it is contraindicated for those with insufficient Yin and Blood. It should only be combined with Rehmanniae Radix (Di Huang) and Ophiopogonis Radix (Men Dong) to assist its promoting and guiding actions, thereby achieving supreme harmony. When paired with Polygalae Radix (Yuan Zhi) and added into Liang Ge San (Cool the Chest Powder), it is named Zhuan She Gao (Tongue-Turning Paste), which can clear the Heart and calm the Spirit, turning the tongue and saving life.