味苦、涩，性平，无毒。入脾经，兼能通十二经。
能通十二经穴、祛邪辟瘴却瘟。除筋络拘挛，治周身痹疼。通窍活血，通乳行经。利水
除湿
，肿消全身、熏衣除蚤、辟秽须焚。
此药鼻科、耳科常用之，盖取其通窍活血也。
味辛、性温，无毒。入肾经。恶牡丹皮、莽草。畏石脂。火 ，醋淬，水飞。
治肾虚之恐怯，镇心脏之怔忡。能消目障、可治耳聋。
镇心益肾，故磁朱丸用之，可暂用，不可久也。咽痛久久不愈，查无所见者，用之能引
热下
行。
味甘，性苦，气香，无毒。入肝、肾二经。乃取歙县之茶叶以苦丁叶（即枸骨，俗名老
鼠刺）
同焙制成，故又称角刺茶。
清头目，散肝风。泻肾火，凉胞宫。活血脉，断斯螽。 耳流脓，耳鸣或聋。阴浮于上，
眩
晕 。
孕妇忌用。
（见外治）
味辛、苦，性平。入肺、脾、胃、肠、三焦等经。
清咽消痰，下气和中。喉痛失音、胸闷腹膨。化积滞，利关节，散瘀血治痢疾。
立冬时，拔取扁白小萝卜、连叶卧于地、数日之后、叶即翘起、而根心已空、乃根汁已
入叶
中矣，故能具如上之效，切下风干备用。乃咽喉病不可或缺之药也。
味微苦，质滑，性寒，无毒。入肺及心、肝、脾、肾诸经。
治口疮喉肿，消浮热牙宣。耳疼目痛均治、疔疮大毒能痊。
此药既可仗其寒凉败毒，治急热之症。又可用以泡茶，清上清火，治诸种慢症。其气芳
香，
沏之药色与茶色相兼，颇为悦目。
味苦、涩，性平，无毒。入脾经，兼能通十二经。
【白话译文】：味道苦、涩，药性平和，没有毒性。归入脾经，同时能够贯通十二经脉。
能通十二经穴、祛邪辟瘴却瘟。除筋络拘挛，治周身痹疼。通窍活血，通乳行经。利水除湿，肿消全身、熏衣除蚤、辟秽须焚。
【白话译文】：能够疏通十二经的穴位，祛除邪气，驱避瘴气和瘟疫。解除筋脉和络脉的拘急痉挛，治疗全身的痹症疼痛。开通孔窍，活血化瘀，促进乳汁分泌，调理月经。有利尿作用以消除水湿，使全身肿胀消退；若用于熏衣则可以除去跳蚤，若要辟除秽浊之气则需要焚烧使用。
此药鼻科、耳科常用之，盖取其通窍活血也。
【白话译文】：这种药物在鼻科和耳科中经常使用，大概是取它开通孔窍、活血化瘀的功效。
味辛、性温，无毒。入肾经。恶牡丹皮、莽草。畏石脂。火 ，醋淬，水飞。
【白话译文】：味道辛，药性温，没有毒性。归入肾经。与牡丹皮、莽草相恶（即不宜同用）。畏惧石脂。需要经过火烧，再用醋淬炼，最后用水飞法研磨成粉。
治肾虚之恐怯，镇心脏之怔忡。能消目障、可治耳聋。
【白话译文】：治疗因肾虚引起的恐惧胆怯，镇定心脏悸动不安（怔忡）。能够消除眼部障碍，可以治疗耳聋。
镇心益肾，故磁朱丸用之，可暂用，不可久也。咽痛久久不愈，查无所见者，用之能引热下行。
【白话译文】：具有镇心安神、补益肾脏的作用，所以磁朱丸中使用它。可以暂时使用，但不宜长期服用。对于咽喉疼痛长久不愈，且检查未见明显异常者，使用它能引导热邪下行。
味甘，性苦，气香，无毒。入肝、肾二经。乃取歙县之茶叶以苦丁叶（即枸骨，俗名老鼠刺）同焙制成，故又称角刺茶。
【白话译文】：味道甘甜，药性苦，气味芳香，没有毒性。归入肝、肾两经。这是选取歙县的茶叶，与苦丁叶（即枸骨，俗称老鼠刺）一起烘焙制成，所以又被称为角刺茶。
清头目，散肝风。泻肾火，凉胞宫。活血脉，断斯螽。 耳流脓，耳鸣或聋。阴浮于上，眩晕 。
【白话译文】：清除头部和眼目的热邪，疏散肝风。泻除肾火，清凉胞宫。活血通脉，止住类似斯螽虫鸣的症状（此处指耳鸣等声响）。治疗耳朵流脓，耳鸣或听力下降。针对阴虚阳浮于上的情况，治疗眩晕。
孕妇忌用。
【白话译文】：孕妇禁止使用。
（见外治）
【白话译文】：（参见外治法部分）
味辛、苦，性平。入肺、脾、胃、肠、三焦等经。
【白话译文】：味道辛、苦，药性平和。归入肺、脾、胃、肠、三焦等经脉。
清咽消痰，下气和中。喉痛失音、胸闷腹膨。化积滞，利关节，散瘀血治痢疾。
【白话译文】：清洁咽喉，消除痰液，降逆气，调和脾胃。治疗喉咙疼痛、声音嘶哑、胸闷、腹部胀大。化解积滞，滑利关节，消散瘀血，治疗痢疾。
立冬时，拔取扁白小萝卜、连叶卧于地、数日之后、叶即翘起、而根心已空、乃根汁已入叶中矣，故能具如上之效，切下风干备用。乃咽喉病不可或缺之药也。
【白话译文】：在立冬时节，拔取扁平白色的萝卜，连着叶子平放在地上，几天之后，叶子就会翘起，而萝卜根部中心已经变空，这是因为萝卜根的汁液已经流入叶子中了，所以它具有上述功效。将其切片后风干备用。它是治疗咽喉疾病不可或缺的药物。
味微苦，质滑，性寒，无毒。入肺及心、肝、脾、肾诸经。
【白话译文】：味道微苦，质地滑润，药性寒，没有毒性。归入肺以及心、肝、脾、肾各经。
治口疮喉肿，消浮热牙宣。耳疼目痛均治、疔疮大毒能痊。
【白话译文】：治疗口腔溃疡、喉咙肿胀，消除虚浮的热邪和牙龈出血。耳朵疼痛、眼睛疼痛都能治疗，疔疮等严重毒害也能痊愈。
此药既可仗其寒凉败毒，治急热之症。又可用以泡茶，清上清火，治诸种慢症。其气芳香，沏之药色与茶色相兼，颇为悦目。
【白话译文】：这种药物既可以凭借它的寒凉性质来败毒，治疗急性热症。又可以用来泡茶，清解上焦之火，治疗各种慢性病症。它的气味芳香，冲泡时药色与茶色混合，非常赏心悦目。
Bitter and astringent, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen Meridian, and also has the ability to unblock the Twelve Primary Meridians.
It can unblock the acupoints of the Twelve Primary Meridians, dispel pathogenic factors, ward off miasma, and eliminate pestilence. It relieves spasm and contracture of the sinews and collaterals, and treats bi-syndrome pain throughout the body. It opens orifices, invigorates blood, promotes lactation, and regulates menstruation. It promotes diuresis and removes dampness, reducing generalized edema; when used for fumigating clothes, it repels fleas; to dispel foul odors, it must be burned.
This herb is commonly used in rhinology and otology, primarily for its ability to open orifices and invigorate blood circulation.
Pungent and warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Kidney Meridian. It is incompatible with Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) and Mangcao (Herba Isatidis). It fears Shizhi (Kaolin). Processing involves firing, quenching in vinegar, and water levigation.
It treats fearfulness due to Kidney deficiency and calms palpitations (Zhenchong) of the Heart. It can resolve visual obstructions and treat deafness.
By calming the Heart and benefiting the Kidney, it is used in Cizhu Wan (Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill). It may be used temporarily but should not be taken long-term. For chronic sore throat with no visible pathology, it guides heat downward.
Sweet and bitter in taste, fragrant in aroma, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Kidney Meridians. It is made by roasting tea leaves from Shexian County together with Kudingye (Leaves of Ilex cornuta, commonly known as Laoshuci/Rat Thorn). Hence, it is also called Jiaoci Cha (Horn Thorn Tea).
It clears the head and eyes, disperses Liver wind. It drains Kidney fire and cools the Uterus (Baogong). It invigorates blood vessels and stops symptoms resembling insect chirping (tinnitus). It treats otorrhea, tinnitus, or deafness. It addresses dizziness caused by Yin floating upward.
Contraindicated in pregnancy.
(See external treatment methods)
Pungent and bitter, neutral in nature. Enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach, Intestine, and Sanjiao Meridians.
It clears the throat, resolves phlegm, directs Qi downward, and harmonizes the Middle Jiao. It treats sore throat, loss of voice, chest tightness, and abdominal distension. It transforms stagnation, benefits joints, dissipates blood stasis, and treats dysentery.
At the Start of Winter, flat white radishes are harvested with leaves attached and laid flat on the ground. After several days, the leaves stand upright while the core of the root becomes hollow, indicating that the root juice has migrated into the leaves. This migration confers the aforementioned therapeutic effects. The radish is sliced and air-dried for later use. It is an indispensable herb for treating throat diseases.
Slightly bitter, smooth in texture, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung, Heart, Liver, Spleen, and Kidney Meridians.
It treats oral ulcers and throat swelling, clears deficient heat and gingival bleeding. It treats earache and eye pain, and cures severe toxic sores like Dingchuang (carbuncles).
This herb relies on its cold and cooling properties to resolve toxicity and treat acute heat syndromes. It can also be used for brewing tea to clear upper Jiao heat and treat various chronic conditions. Its fragrance is pleasant, and the infusion color blends well with tea, making it visually appealing.