【气味】
酸咸平无毒。乃虫食之津液结成者。其味酸咸。
【主治】
能敛肺止血。化痰止渴收汗。其气寒。能散热毒疮肿。其性收。能除泄痢湿烂。凡
黄昏咳嗽。乃火气浮入肺中。不宜用凉剂。唯五味五倍能敛而降之也。百药煎其功与五倍子
不异。但经酿过。其体轻虚。其性浮收。且味带余甘。治上焦心肺咳嗽痰饮热渴诸病。
（梵言诃黎勒。凡用以酒浸后蒸一伏时。刀削去皮。取肉锉焙。用核则去肉。）
【气味】
苦温无毒。又苦酸平苦重酸轻味浓。阴也降也。
【主治】
冷气心腹胀满。下食。破胸膈结气。通利津液。止水道。黑髭发。下宿物。止肠
久泄。赤白痢。消痰下气。化食开胃除烦。治水调中。止呕吐霍乱。心腹虚痛。奔豚肾气。
肺气喘急。五膈气。肠风泻血。崩中带下。怀孕漏胎。及胎动欲生。胀闷气喘。并患痢人肛
门
急痛。产妇阴痛。和蜡烧烟熏之及煎汤熏洗。治痰嗽咽喉不利。含三数枚殊胜。实大肠。敛
肺降火。诃子同乌枚五倍子用则收敛。同橘皮浓朴用则下气。同人参用则能补肺治咳嗽。东
垣云。嗽药不用者非矣。但咳嗽未久者不可骤用。
【气味】
苦温有大毒。
【主治】
凡人饮有五。症由内啜水浆。外受湿气。郁蓄而为留饮。流于肺则为支饮。令人喘
咳寒热。吐沫背寒。流于肝则为悬饮。令人咳唾痛引缺盆两胁。流于心下则为伏饮。令人胸
满呕吐。寒热眩晕。流于肠胃则为痰饮。令人腹鸣吐水。胸胁支满。或作泄泻。忽肥忽瘦。
流于经络则为溢饮。令人沉重注痛。或作水气腑肿。芫花之性。逐水泄湿。能直达水饮窠
囊隐僻之处。经所谓开鬼门洁净府之法也。但其性甚猛捷。不可轻用损人真元也。
【气味】
酸、咸，性平，无毒。这是由昆虫叮咬树木后分泌的津液凝结而成的。它的味道是酸和咸的。
【主治】
能够收敛肺气、止血，化痰、止渴、止汗。其气寒凉，能散发热毒引起的疮肿。其性质具有收敛作用，能消除泄痢导致的皮肤湿烂。凡是黄昏时分咳嗽，这是由于火气浮入肺中，不宜使用寒凉药物，只有五味子和五倍子能够收敛并降逆肺气。百药煎的功效与五倍子没有不同，只是经过酿造后，质地轻虚，性质呈浮收之态，且味道带有回甘，用于治疗上焦心肺部位的咳嗽、痰饮、热渴等各种病症。
（梵语称为诃黎勒。凡是用时，先用酒浸泡，然后蒸一个时辰（约两小时），用刀削去外皮，取果肉切碎焙干。如果使用果核，则需去掉果肉。）
【气味】
苦，性温，无毒。又表现为苦重酸轻，味道浓郁，属于阴，具有沉降的作用。
【主治】
治疗冷气引起的心腹胀满，促进消化，破除胸膈间的气结，通利津液，固摄水道，使胡须头发变黑，排出体内积滞之物，停止长期的肠泻，治疗赤白痢疾，消痰下气，化食开胃除烦，治水湿调理中焦，停止呕吐和霍乱，治疗心腹虚痛，奔豚病及肾气上逆，肺气喘急，五膈气，肠风便血，崩漏及带下病，怀孕期间的胎漏、胎动欲坠，以及胀闷气喘。对于患痢疾者的肛门急痛，产妇的阴部疼痛，可用蜡混合烧烟熏治，或煎汤熏洗。治疗痰嗽咽喉不利，含服几枚效果极佳。能实大肠，敛肺降火。诃子若与乌梅、五倍子同用，则发挥收敛作用；若与橘皮、厚朴同用，则发挥下气作用；若与人参同用，则能补肺治疗咳嗽。李东垣说：“治咳药中不用诃子是不对的。”但咳嗽时间不长的患者不可骤然使用。
【气味】
苦，性温，有大毒。
【主治】
大凡人饮水有五种情况，病因是内饮冷水浆，外受湿气，郁积而成留饮。流注于肺则为支饮，令人喘咳、寒热交替、吐沫、背部发冷；流注于肝则为悬饮，令人咳唾时疼痛牵引缺盆和两胁；流注于心下则为伏饮，令人胸满、呕吐、寒热眩晕；流注于肠胃则为痰饮，令人腹鸣、吐水、胸胁支撑胀满，或发生泄泻，忽胖忽瘦；流注于经络则为溢饮，令人身体沉重、注痛，或发生水肿浮肿。芫花的药性，能逐水泄湿，能直达水饮积聚的隐蔽之处，这正是《内经》所说的“开鬼门（发汗）、洁净府（利小便）”的方法。但其药性非常猛烈快捷，不可轻易使用以免损伤人体的真元之气。
[Odor and Flavor]
Sour, salty, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It is formed by the condensation of fluids secreted after insects bite trees. Its taste is sour and salty.
[Indications]
It can astringe the Lung Qi, stop bleeding, resolve phlegm, relieve thirst, and stop sweating. Its qi is cold, capable of dissipating heat toxins causing sores and swellings. Its nature is astringent, capable of eliminating damp rot caused by diarrhea and dysentery. Cough occurring at dusk is due to floating fire entering the Lung; cool agents are not suitable. Only Wuweizi (Schisandra Chinensis Fruit) and Wubeizi (Gallnut) can astringe and descend the Lung Qi. Baiyaojian (Fermented Gallnut) has efficacy identical to Wubeizi, but after fermentation, its texture is light and void, its nature is floating and astringent, and it carries a lingering sweet taste. It treats various diseases of the Upper Jiao involving the Heart and Lung, such as cough, phlegm-fluid retention, heat, and thirst.
(Vedic name: Haritaki. When used, soak in wine, then steam for one fu period (approx. 2 hours). Scrape off the skin with a knife, take the flesh, cut into pieces, and bake. If using the seed, remove the flesh.)
[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, warm in nature, non-toxic. Also characterized by heavy bitter and light sour tastes, rich flavor, belonging to Yin, possessing descending properties.
[Indications]
Treats abdominal distension and fullness caused by cold qi, promotes digestion, breaks up stagnant qi in the chest and diaphragm, unblocks and moistens body fluids, secures the water passages, darkens beard and hair, expels accumulated matter, stops chronic intestinal diarrhea, treats red and white dysentery, resolves phlegm, directs Qi downward, transforms food, opens the stomach, eliminates irritability, regulates water metabolism and the Middle Jiao, stops vomiting and cholera-like symptoms, treats deficiency-cold pain in the heart and abdomen, Ben Tun (rushing pig) syndrome and rebellious Kidney Qi, pulmonary asthma and急促 breathing, Five Obstructions Qi, Intestinal Wind with bloody stool, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, fetal leakage during pregnancy, threatened abortion, distension and stifling sensation with asthma. For urgent anal pain in dysentery patients or vulvar pain in postpartum women, burn wax mixed with the herb to smoke, or decoct for fumigation and washing. Treats cough with phlegm and throat obstruction; holding several pieces in the mouth yields excellent results. It solidifies the Large Intestine, astringes the Lung, and descends Fire. When Hezi (Chebula Terminalia Fruit) is used with Wumei (Mume Fruit) and Wubeizi, it exerts an astringent effect; when used with Chuanpi (Citrus Reticulata Peel) and Houpo (Magnolia Officinalis Bark), it directs Qi downward; when used with Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), it tonifies the Lung and treats cough. Li Dongyuan stated, "It is wrong not to use Hezi in cough medicines." However, it should not be used abruptly in cases of recent onset cough.
[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, warm in nature, highly toxic.
[Indications]
Generally, there are five types of fluid retention syndromes in humans. The etiology involves internal consumption of cold fluids and external exposure to dampness, leading to stagnation. Flowing into the Lung constitutes Zhi Yin (Branch Fluid Retention), causing asthma, cough, alternating chills and fever, salivation, and coldness in the back. Flowing into the Liver constitutes Xuan Yin (Hanging Fluid Retention), causing pain in coughing and expectoration radiating to the clavicular fossa and hypochondrium. Flowing below the heart constitutes Fu Yin (Hidden Fluid Retention), causing chest fullness, vomiting, alternating chills and fever, and vertigo. Flowing into the Stomach and Intestines constitutes Tan Yin (Phlegm-Fluid Retention), causing borborygmus, vomiting of water, hypochondriac fullness, or diarrhea, with fluctuating weight. Flowing into the meridians constitutes Yi Yin (Overflowing Fluid Retention), causing heaviness, fixed pain, or edema. The nature of Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos) drives out water and drains dampness, reaching the hidden locations where fluid accumulates. This corresponds to the method described in the Classics: "Open the ghost gate (induce sweating) and purify the clean mansion (promote urination)." However, its action is extremely fierce and rapid; it must not be used lightly lest it damage the body's True Yuan Qi.