【气味】
苦平无毒。阳中之阴入手太阴足少阴经气分之药。
【主治】
肺气喘息急促。除热。通肾气。镇心。润五脏。强骨髓。治血热侵肺。滋大小肠枯
燥。凡病患五虚而热者。宜加用之。取其冷而能补也。患人脾胃虚寒者禁服之。为其性专泄
而不专收。功只长于治肺热也。又其功长于血分者。为其保定肺气。使苦以泄滞血。甘以助
元气。不使血热侵肺。而致血溢妄行也。
【气味】
甘平无毒。阳中微阴。降也。入手太阴经气分。
【主治】
身重目黄。心下支满。虚劳客热。口干燥渴。强阴益精。祛肺中伏火。补心气不足
。脉者人之元气。孙真人生肺散用麦冬者。滋燥金而清水源也。佐以人参之甘寒泻热火。五
味子之酸温泻丙火。故火盛气壮之人。麦门冬为补髓通肾气滑泽肌体之对剂也。气弱胃寒者
不可过饵。
（凡采得、以铜刀劈破、去骨、用酒拌蒸、日中晒干用。）
【气味】
辛寒无毒。阴中微阳。入手厥足少阴经。
【主治】
除症坚瘀血留舍肠胃。妇人冷热血气。排脓通经。凉骨蒸。丹者赤色火也。故能泻
阴胞中之火。肾气丸用之。治神气之不足。犀角地黄汤用之。治肠胃之积血及吐血衄血。
畏（贝母 大黄 菟丝子） 忌（胡荽 蒜）
【气味】
辛温无毒。
【主治】
产后血晕口噤。腹内恶血不尽绞痛。胎死腹中。多用破留血。少用养血。润燥止痛
。散肿通经。凡血生于心包。藏于肝。属于冲任。红花与之同类。故能行男子血脉。通女子
经水。其性苦温。为阴中之阳。故入心。佐当归生新血。又辛而甘。为肝经血分之药。
【气味】
苦，平，无毒。属于阳中阴性的药物，归入手太阴肺经和足少阴肾经的气分。
【主治】
肺气喘息急促。清除热邪。通利肾气。镇心安神。滋润五脏。强健骨髓。治疗血热侵犯肺部。滋润大小肠的枯燥。凡是患有五虚证且伴有热象的病人，适宜加用此药。取其性冷而能补益的特点。脾胃虚寒的患者禁止服用。因为其药性专门泄降而不专门收敛，功效只擅长治疗肺热。另外，其功效长于血分，是因为它能固护肺气，使苦味以泄滞血，甘味以助元气，防止血热侵犯肺部而导致血液溢出妄行。
【气味】
甘，平，无毒。阳中微阴。具有沉降之性。归入手太阴肺经的气分。
【主治】
身体沉重，目睛发黄。心下支撑胀满。虚劳引起的客热（外感或内生之热）。口干燥渴。坚固阴精，增益精髓。祛除肺中的伏火。补益心气不足。脉是人的元气。孙思邈在生肺散中使用麦冬，是为了滋润燥金（肺）并清清水源（肾水）。配合人参的甘寒以泻热火，五味子的酸温以泻丙火（心火/小肠火）。因此，对于火盛气壮的人，麦门冬是补髓、通肾气、滑泽肌体的对症良药。气弱胃寒的人不可过量服用。
（凡采得后，用铜刀劈开，去掉骨心，用酒拌蒸，在日中晒干使用。）
【气味】
辛，寒，无毒。阴中微阳。归入手厥阴心包经和足少阴肾经。
【主治】
消除症坚（腹内结块）和瘀血停留于肠胃。治疗妇人冷热血气病。排脓，通经。凉除骨蒸潮热。丹者指赤色，属火。所以能泻阴胞（子宫/下焦）中的火。肾气丸中使用它，用于治疗神气不足。犀角地黄汤中使用它，用于治疗肠胃积血及吐血、衄血。畏（贝母、大黄、菟丝子）。忌（胡荽、蒜）。
【气味】
辛，温，无毒。
【主治】
产后血晕，口噤不开。腹内恶血不尽导致的绞痛。胎死腹中。多用可破除留血，少用可养血。滋润燥涩，止痛。消散肿结，通经。凡是血由心包所生，藏于肝，隶属于冲任二脉。红花与血同类，所以能通行男子血脉，通调女子月经。其性苦温，为阴中之阳，所以入心经。辅助当归生新血。又因其辛而甘，是肝经血分的药物。
[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. It is a drug of Yin within Yang, entering the Qi level of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
[Indications]
Rapid breathing and asthma due to Lung Qi deficiency. Clears heat. Unblocks Kidney Qi. Calms the Heart and anchors the Spirit. Moistens the Five Zang organs. Strengthens the bone marrow. Treats blood-heat invading the Lungs. Moistens dryness in the Large and Small Intestines. For patients suffering from the "Five Deficiencies" (Wu Xu) accompanied by heat, it is appropriate to add this herb, taking advantage of its cold nature which can also tonify. Patients with Spleen-Stomach deficiency-cold are forbidden to take it, because its nature specializes in draining rather than astringing, and its efficacy only excels in treating Lung heat. Furthermore, its efficacy excels in the Blood level because it stabilizes Lung Qi, allowing the bitter flavor to drain stagnant blood and the sweet flavor to assist Yuan Qi, preventing blood-heat from invading the Lungs and causing hemorrhage or reckless bleeding.
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Slightly Yin within Yang. Descending in action. Enters the Qi level of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
[Indications]
Heaviness of the body, yellowing of the eyes. Fullness and distension under the heart. Deficiency labor with lingering heat. Dry mouth and thirst. Consolidates Yin, benefits essence. Disperses latent fire in the Lungs. Tonifies insufficiency of Heart Qi. The pulse represents human Yuan Qi. Sun Simiao used Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong, 麦冬) in Shengfei San to moisten dry Metal (Lung) and clear the water source (Kidney). Assisted by the sweet-cold Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) to drain fire-heat, and the sour-warm Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit) to drain Bing Fire (Heart/Small Intestine Fire). Therefore, for those with excessive fire and robust Qi, Ophiopogonis Radix is the counter-agent for tonifying marrow, unblocking Kidney Qi, and smoothing/moistening the body surface. Those with weak Qi and cold Stomach should not overdose on it.
(When harvested, split open with a copper knife, remove the core, mix with wine and steam, then dry in the sun.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, cold, non-toxic. Slightly Yang within Yin. Enters the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
[Indications]
Eliminates hard masses (Zheng Jian) and blood stasis lodging in the intestines and stomach. Treats cold-blood and blood-qi disorders in women. Expels pus, unblocks menstruation. Cools bone-steaming tidal fever. "Dan" refers to red color, associated with Fire. Thus, it can drain fire from the Yin Palace (Uterus/Lower Jiao). It is used in Shenqi Wan to treat insufficiency of Spirit and Qi. It is used in Xijiao Dihuang Tang to treat accumulation of blood in the intestines and stomach, as well as hematemesis and epistaxis. Aversion: (Fritillariae Bulbus [Beimu], Rheum Radix et Rhizoma [Dahuang], Cuscutae Semen [Tusizi]). Taboo: (Coriandri Fructus [Husu], Allii Sativi Bulbus [Suan]).
[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Postpartum syncope due to blood loss, lockjaw. Colicky pain caused by incomplete expulsion of lochia (evil blood) in the abdomen. Fetus dying in the womb. In large doses, it breaks up retained blood; in small doses, it nourishes blood. Moistens dryness, relieves pain. Dissolves swelling, unblocks collaterals. Blood is generated by the Pericardium, stored in the Liver, and governed by the Chong and Ren vessels. Honghua (Carthamus Flower) is similar to blood, thus it can circulate blood vessels in men and regulate menstruation in women. Its nature is bitter and warm, representing Yang within Yin, thus entering the Heart. It assists Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) in generating new blood. Being acrid and sweet, it is a drug for the Blood level of the Liver Meridian.