（凡用削去粗皮。用酥油和蜜涂炙。细锉用。）
【气味】
辛平无毒。沉而降。阴也。
【主治】
腰膝痛。益精气。坚筋骨。除阴下痒湿。小便余沥。脚心酸痛。不欲践地。润肝燥
。补肝经风虚。盖肝主筋。肾主骨。肾充则骨强。肝充则筋健。屈伸利用。皆属于筋。杜仲
色紫而润。味甘微辛。甘温则能补。微辛则能润。故能入肝而补肾。子能令母实也。
恶（玄参）
【气味】
辛苦大寒无毒。入心治血兼入脾。
【主治】
祛症瘕血块痈肿。通月经消肿毒。五痹汤用之以治风寒湿气手臂痛。此又兼理血
中之气也。
【气味】
甘温无毒。又曰有大毒。
【主治】
乃阳明经气分之药。但石钟乳为剽悍之剂。内经云。石药之气悍。仁哉言也。凡药
气之偏者。可用于暂。而不可久。夫石药又偏之甚者也。自唐时太平日久。膏粱之家。惑于
方士服食致长生之说。以石药体浓气浓。习以成俗。迨宋至今犹未已也。斯民何辜。受此气
悍之祸。而莫之能救。哀哉。本草赞其久服延年之功。柳子浓又从而述美之。予不得不深言
也。
【气味】
咸寒无毒。
【主治】
明目。目痛。益气。坚肌骨。去毒蛊。其功在却血入肾。治目中瘀赤色昏愦。助水
脏。益精气。疗齿舌血出。秘精固齿。功同食盐。不经煎炼而味咸带甘。入药似胜。
（凡使用杜仲时，需削去粗皮。用酥油和蜂蜜涂抹后炙烤。切成细丝使用。）
【气味】
味辛，性平，无毒。药气沉降，属阴。
【主治】
腰膝疼痛。补益精气。强健筋骨。消除阴部瘙痒潮湿。小便淋漓不尽。脚心酸痛。不愿踩地。滋润肝脏燥热。补益肝经的风虚证候。因为肝主筋，肾主骨。肾气充足则骨骼强壮，肝气充足则筋脉健壮。屈伸运动的功能，都归属于筋。杜仲颜色紫润，味甘微辛。甘温能够补益，微辛能够滋润。所以能入肝而补肾，这是“子能令母实”的道理。
畏（玄参）
【气味】
味辛苦，性大寒，无毒。入心经治疗血分病，兼入脾经。
【主治】
祛除症瘕、血块、痈肿。通调月经，消肿毒。五痹汤中使用它来治疗风寒湿气引起的手臂疼痛。这又是兼理血中之气的作用。
【气味】
味甘，性温，无毒。又有人说有大毒。
【主治】
这是阳明经气分的药物。但石钟乳是剽悍猛烈的药剂。《内经》说：“石药的气性剽悍。”这话真是仁厚啊。凡是药气有偏性的，可以用于暂时，而不能长期使用。石药更是偏性很严重的。自从唐代太平日久以来，富贵之家，被方士服用金石以求长生的说法所迷惑，认为石药质地浓厚、气性浓厚，习以为俗。到了宋代至今仍未停止。百姓何辜，遭受这种气性剽悍药物的祸害，却无人能救。悲哀啊。本草称赞其久服延年的功效，柳宗元又加以赞美陈述。我不得不深刻指出这一点。
【气味】
味咸，性寒，无毒。
【主治】
明目。治疗目痛。益气。坚固肌肉和骨骼。去除毒蛊。其功效在于引血入肾。治疗眼中瘀赤色、昏愦。帮助水脏（肾）。补益精气。治疗牙齿和舌头出血。固精固齿。功效同食盐。未经煎炼而味咸带甘。入药似乎更好。
(When using Eucommia Bark, remove the coarse bark. Coat with lard and honey, then roast. Cut into fine shreds for use.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Pungent, neutral in nature, non-toxic. The medicinal qi sinks and descends, belonging to Yin.
[Indications]
Pain in the lower back and knees. Tonifies essence and qi. Strengthens sinews and bones. Eliminates itching and dampness in the genital area. Dribbling after urination. Soreness and pain in the soles of the feet. Reluctance to tread on the ground. Moistens Liver dryness. Tonifies wind-deficiency in the Liver channel. Since the Liver governs the sinews and the Kidneys govern the bones, when Kidney qi is sufficient, the bones are strong; when Liver qi is sufficient, the sinews are robust. The function of flexion and extension belongs to the sinews. Eucommia Bark is purple and moist, with a sweet and slightly pungent flavor. Sweet and warm can tonify, while slightly pungent can moisten. Therefore, it enters the Liver to tonify the Kidneys, following the principle that "the child can make the mother full."
Averse to (Scrophulariae Radix).
[Flavor and Nature]
Pungent and bitter, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Heart channel to treat blood disorders, and also enters the Spleen channel.
[Indications]
Expels masses, blood stasis, and carbuncles. Regulates menstruation and reduces swelling and toxicity. It is used in Wu Bi Tang (Five Obstruction Decoction) to treat arm pain caused by wind-cold-dampness. This further illustrates its ability to regulate Qi within the blood.
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, warm in nature, non-toxic. It is also said to be highly toxic.
[Indications]
This is a medicine for the Qi aspect of the Yangming channel. However, Helcita (Stalactite) is a fierce and potent agent. The Neijing states: "The qi of stone medicines is fierce." These words are truly benevolent. Medicines with biased natures can be used temporarily but not for long-term use. Stone medicines are even more biased. Since the long peace of the Tang Dynasty, wealthy families have been misled by alchemists' claims of achieving longevity through ingestion, believing that stone medicines have dense substance and dense qi, making this practice common. This continues from the Song Dynasty to the present. What fault do the people have to suffer the disaster of such fierce medicinal qi, with no one able to save them? How sorrowful! Materia Medica praises its efficacy in prolonging life with long-term use, and Liu Zongyuan further elaborates on its merits. I must speak out profoundly against this.
[Flavor and Nature]
Salty, cold in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Brightens the eyes. Treats eye pain. Benefits Qi. Strengthens muscles and bones. Removes toxic parasites. Its efficacy lies in guiding blood into the Kidneys. It treats cloudy vision with stasis and redness in the eyes. Assists the Water Organ (Kidney). Benefits essence and qi. Treats bleeding from teeth and tongue. Secures essence and strengthens teeth. Its efficacy is similar to that of common salt. Without being refined by boiling, it tastes salty and slightly sweet. It seems superior for medicinal use.