【气味】
苦甘平无毒。浮而升阳也。入手足太阳经行风药。入足厥阴少阴经气分。
【主治】
疗诸贼风百节痛。诸风湿冷。皮肌苦痒。手足挛痛。得细辛治头痛如神。两足寒痹
不能动履。偕牛膝木瓜燥湿立效。
【气味】
苦温无毒。可升可降。阴中阳也。
【主治】
消痰下气。疗霍乱及腹痛胀满。胃中冷逆呕不止。泄痢淋露。盖浓朴气温。能泻胃
中之实。故平胃散用之。佐以苍术。所以平胃土之太过。以致于中和也。然虚弱之人。胃气
不实。误服脱人元气。又不可不斟酌为用也。
【气味】
苦寒无毒。乃肝与包络二经血分药也。
【主治】
女子赤沃漏下带下百病。产难胞不出。堕胎。养血气。除五脏血脉中热。血痹血瘀
。大人小儿惊气入腹。及阴痿不起。安胎健脾。止反胃吐血鼻衄。月经不止。肠风痔 。泻
痢脱精。夜多遗溺。小儿惊痫疳疾。金疮长肉。辟鬼魅。故仲景治伤寒汗吐下后。心下痞硬
。噫气不除者。旋复代赭汤主之。盖怯则气浮。唯重可以镇之。代赭之重。以镇虚逆也。
（一名苦豆。凡入药淘净。以酒浸一宿。晒干。蒸熟或炒过用。）
【气味】
苦大温无毒。
【主治】
元脏虚冷气。得附子硫黄治肾虚冷。腹胁胀满。面色青黑。得 香子桃仁治膀胱气
甚效。治冷气疝瘕。寒湿香港脚。益右肾。暖丹田。
【气味】
味苦、甘，性平，无毒。药性浮升，能助长阳气。归入手经和足经的足太阳膀胱经，作为祛风药物使用。归入足厥阴肝经和足少阴肾经的气分。
【主治】
治疗各种贼风（指来势迅猛、致病剧烈的风邪）引起的全身关节疼痛。治疗各种风湿冷邪。治疗皮肤肌肉的苦痒。治疗手足拘挛疼痛。配合细辛治疗头痛，效果神奇。治疗两足寒痹导致不能行走。配合牛膝、木瓜燥湿，立竿见影。
【气味】
味苦，性温，无毒。药性既可升也可降，属于阴中之阳。
【主治】
消除痰饮，降逆下气。治疗霍乱以及腹痛胀满。治疗胃中寒冷逆乱导致的呕吐不止。治疗泄泻、痢疾及淋证漏下。因为厚朴气温，能够泻除胃中的实邪，所以平胃散中使用它。配合苍术，是为了平衡脾土之气的太过，从而达到中和的状态。然而对于虚弱之人，如果胃气不实，误服会耗损人的元气，因此使用时不可不斟酌考量。
【气味】
味苦，性寒，无毒。是归入肝经与心包络二经血分的药物。
【主治】
治疗女子赤沃（阴道分泌物异常）、漏下、带下等各种疾病。治疗难产、胞衣不下、堕胎。养血气。清除五脏血脉中的热邪。治疗血痹、血瘀。治疗大人小儿惊气入腹。以及阳痿不起。安胎健脾。治疗反胃、吐血、鼻衄。治疗月经不止。治疗肠风痔疾。治疗泄痢脱精。治疗夜间多尿遗溺。治疗小儿惊痫疳疾。治疗金疮促进生肌长肉。辟除鬼魅邪气。所以张仲景治疗伤寒经过汗、吐、下法治疗后，出现心下痞硬、嗳气不除的症状，用旋复代赭汤为主治方剂。因为怯弱则气机浮越，只有重镇的药物才能压制它。代赭石的沉重性质，用来镇压虚逆之气。
（又名苦豆。凡是入药需淘洗干净，用酒浸泡一夜，晒干，蒸熟或炒过后使用。）
【气味】
味苦，大温，无毒。
【主治】
治疗元脏（先天之本，主要指肾）虚冷气。配合附子、硫黄治疗肾虚冷，腹胁胀满，面色青黑。配合小茴香、桃仁治疗膀胱气，非常有效。治疗冷气疝瘕。治疗寒湿脚气。补益右肾。温暖丹田。
[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, sweet, neutral in nature, non-toxic. The medicinal property is floating and ascending, capable of augmenting Yang Qi. It enters the Hand and Foot Taiyang (Bladder) meridians as a wind-dispelling drug. It enters the Qi aspect of the Foot Jueyin (Liver) and Foot Shaoyin (Kidney) meridians.
[Indications]
Treats various "Zei Feng" (treacherous winds, referring to rapid-onset, pathogenic winds) causing pain in all joints. Treats various rheumatic cold-damp pathogens. Treats bitter itching of skin and muscles. Treats spasms and pain in hands and feet. When combined with Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), it treats headaches with miraculous effect. Treats cold-bi syndrome in both legs resulting in inability to walk or bear weight. Combined with Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) and Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus) to dry dampness, it yields immediate results.
[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, warm in nature, non-toxic. Its action can be ascending or descending; it belongs to Yang within Yin.
[Indications]
Eliminates phlegm and directs rebellious Qi downward. Treats Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome with vomiting and diarrhea) along with abdominal pain and distension. Treats continuous vomiting due to cold-reversal in the Stomach. Treats dysentery, strangury, and leakage. Because Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) is warm in nature, it can drain excess from the Stomach; therefore, it is used in Pingwei San (Regulate the Stomach Powder). Assisted by Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), it balances the excess of Spleen Earth Qi, thereby achieving harmony. However, for individuals with deficiency, if Stomach Qi is not solid, mistaken use will deplete Yuan Qi (Original Qi); thus, its application requires careful consideration.
[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, cold in nature, non-toxic. It is a drug entering the Blood aspect of the Liver and Pericardium meridians.
[Indications]
Treats women's Chewo (abnormal vaginal discharge), Louxia (metrorrhagia), Dai Xia (leukorrhea), and various diseases. Treats difficult labor, retention of the placenta, and miscarriage. Nourishes Blood and Qi. Clears heat from the blood vessels of the Five Zang organs. Treats Blood Bi and Blood stasis. Treats fright-Qi entering the abdomen in adults and children. Treats impotence. Calms the fetus and strengthens the Spleen. Treats regurgitation, hematemesis, and epistaxis. Treats menorrhagia. Treats Changfeng (intestinal wind) and hemorrhoids. Treats dysentery, essence depletion, and nocturnal enuresis. Treats infantile convulsions, epilepsy, and malnutrition (Gan disease). Promotes flesh regeneration in traumatic wounds. Expels evil spirits. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing uses Xuanshen Daizhe Tang (Inula and Hematitum Decoction) as the primary formula for treating post-epidemic conditions where, after sweating, vomiting, or purging therapies, there is hardness and fullness below the heart and persistent belching. Since timidity leads to floating Qi, only heavy substances can anchor it. The heaviness of Daizhe (Hematitum) anchors deficient rebellious Qi.
(Also known as Kudou. For medicinal use, wash clean, soak in wine overnight, sun-dry, steam until cooked, or stir-fry before use.)
[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, greatly warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Treats deficiency-cold Qi of the Yuan Zang (Primordial Viscera, primarily referring to the Kidney). Combined with Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) and Liuhuang (Sulfur), it treats Kidney deficiency-cold, abdominal and hypochondriac distension, and bluish-black complexion. Combined with Xiaohuixiang (Foeniculi Fructus) and Taoren (Persicae Semen), it treats Bladder Qi disorders with great efficacy. Treats cold-Qi Shanjia (hernia and masses). Treats cold-damp Hongjiao (gouty arthritis/foot swelling). Tonifies the Right Kidney. Warms the Dantian.