（一名一枝箭。蒜以根状名。箭以茎状名。又曰金灯花根。）
【气味】
辛甘有小毒。
【主治】
敷贴肿毒。疔疮恶核。可水煎服取汗及捣敷之。及中溪毒者。酒煎半升服。取吐良
。
（即土细辛。）
【气味】
辛温无毒。
【主治】
风寒咳逆。作浴汤香人衣体。止气奔喘促。消痰饮。破留血项间瘿瘤之疾。下气杀
虫。古方吐药往往用杜衡者。非杜衡也。乃及已也。及已似细辛而有毒吐人。昔人多以及已
当杜衡。杜衡当细辛。故尔错误也。杜衡则无毒不吐人。功虽不及细辛。而亦能散风寒。下
气消痰行水破血也。
（一名金不换。）
【气味】
甘微苦温无毒。
【主治】
止血散血定痛。金刃箭伤跌扑杖疮血出不止者。嚼烂涂或为末掺之。其血即止。亦
主吐血衄血。下血血痢。崩中经水不止。产后恶血不下。血晕血痛。赤目痈肿。虎咬蛇伤诸
病。此药近时始出。南人军中用为金疮要药。云有奇功。又云凡杖扑伤损瘀血淋漓者。随即
嚼烂罨之即止。青肿者即消散。若受杖时。先服一二钱。则血不冲心。杖后尤宜服之。产后
服亦良。大抵此药气温味甘微苦。乃阳明厥阴血分之药。故能治一切血病。与骐 竭紫 相
同。
（一名草苁蓉根。与肉苁蓉极相类。刮去花。压扁以代肉者。功力殊劣。即列当。）
【气味】
甘温无毒。
【主治】
男子五劳七伤。补腰肾。令人有子。去风血。煮酒浸酒服之。
（又名一枝箭。因根部形状得名“蒜”，因茎部形状得名“箭”。又称金灯花根。）
【气味】
味辛、甘，有小毒。
【主治】
外敷贴于肿毒处。治疗疔疮及恶核（坚硬结块）。可用水煎服以发汗，或捣碎后外敷。若中毒溪毒（山涧水湿之毒），用酒煎半升服用，能引起呕吐，疗效良好。
（即土细辛。）
【气味】
味辛，性温，无毒。
【主治】
治疗风寒引起的咳嗽气逆。制成浴汤香气熏染衣物和身体。可止住气上奔冲、喘息急促的症状。消除痰饮。破除颈部滞留的瘀血及瘿瘤疾病。下气杀虫。古方中作为催吐药使用的往往被称为杜衡，其实并非真正的杜衡，而是及已。及已类似细辛但有毒，能使人呕吐。过去许多人将及已误认为杜衡，将杜衡误认为细辛，因此造成错误。真正的杜衡无毒且不致人呕吐，其功效虽不如细辛，但也能够疏散风寒，下气消痰，行水破血。
（又名金不换。）
【气味】
味甘、微苦，性温，无毒。
【主治】
止血、散瘀、定痛。对于刀伤、箭伤、跌打损伤、杖刑创伤导致出血不止的情况，嚼烂涂抹或研末撒布，血液即可停止。也主治吐血、鼻衄（鼻出血）、便血、血痢、崩漏及月经淋漓不尽。产后恶露不下、血晕、血痛、红眼、痈肿、虎咬蛇伤等各种病症。此药近代才开始流行。南方军队将其作为治疗金创（刀剑创伤）的要药，声称有奇效。又言凡是遭受杖击损伤、瘀血淋漓者，随即嚼烂敷盖，出血即刻停止；青紫肿胀之处随即消散。如果即将受杖刑时，先服用一二钱，则血液不会上冲心脏，杖刑后更适宜服用。产后服用也效果良好。大抵此药气温，味甘微苦，属于入阳明经和厥阴经血分的药物，因此能治疗一切血病，功效与麒麟竭（血竭）、紫草相同。
（又名草苁蓉根。与肉苁蓉极为相似。刮去花朵，压扁后代替肉苁蓉使用，但功力远为逊色。即列当。）
【气味】
味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】
治疗男子五劳七伤（多种虚损性疾病）。补益腰肾，使人具备生育能力。祛除风邪和瘀血。煮酒浸泡后服用。
(Also known as Yi Zhi Jian (One-Arrow). Named "Suan" (Garlic) due to the root shape, and "Jian" (Arrow) due to the stem shape. Also called Jin Deng Hua Gen (Golden Lantern Flower Root).)
【Properties and Flavor】
Pungent, sweet, slightly toxic.
【Indications】
Applied externally for swelling and toxicity. Treats Ding Chuang (carbuncles/furuncles) and E He (hard nodules). Can be decocted in water and taken orally to induce sweating, or crushed and applied externally. For those poisoned by Xi Du (toxicity from mountain streams/wetness), decoct half sheng in wine and take; inducing vomiting yields good results.
(This is Tu Xi Xin (Local Asarum).)
【Properties and Flavor】
Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
【Indications】
Treats cough and rebellious qi caused by wind-cold. Used as a bath soup to fragrance clothes and body. Stops Qi Ben Chuan Cu (rushing qi and panting). Resolves phlegm-fluid retention. Breaks up retained blood and treats Ying Liu (goiter) on the neck. Directs qi downward and kills parasites. Ancient formulas often used Du Heng as an emetic, but it was not true Du Heng, but rather Ji Yi. Ji Yi resembles Xi Xin but is toxic and induces vomiting. In the past, many people mistook Ji Yi for Du Heng and Du Heng for Xi Xin, leading to errors. True Du Heng is non-toxic and does not induce vomiting. Although its efficacy is inferior to Xi Xin, it can also disperse wind-cold, direct qi downward, resolve phlegm, move fluids, and break blood stasis.
(Also known as Jin Bu Huan.)
【Properties and Flavor】
Sweet, slightly bitter, warm, non-toxic.
【Indications】
Stops bleeding, disperses blood stasis, and alleviates pain. For injuries from blades or arrows, falls, blows, or beatings resulting in unceasing bleeding, chew thoroughly and apply, or grind into powder and sprinkle; bleeding stops immediately. Also treats hematemesis, epistaxis, lower gastrointestinal bleeding, bloody dysentery, metrorrhagia, and prolonged menstruation. For postpartum lochia retention, syncope due to blood loss, blood-stasis pain, red eyes, carbuncles, tiger bites, snake bites, and other conditions. This herb became popular only recently. Southern armies used it as a crucial medicine for traumatic injuries, claiming miraculous effects. It is said that for those suffering from beating injuries with profuse bruising and bleeding, immediate application of chewed herb stops bleeding instantly; cyanosis and swelling dissipate quickly. If one expects to be beaten, taking 1-2 qian beforehand prevents blood from rushing to the heart, and it is especially suitable to take afterward. Taking it postpartum is also beneficial. Generally, this herb is warm in nature, sweet and slightly bitter in flavor, and enters the Blood aspect of the Yangming and Jueyin meridians. Thus, it treats all blood disorders, similar to Qi Lin Xie (Dragon's Blood) and Zi Cao (Arnebiae Radix seu Lithospermi Radix).
(Also known as Cao Cong Rong Gen. Very similar to Rou Cong Rong. Flowers are scraped off, pressed flat, and used as a substitute for Rou Cong Rong, though its efficacy is significantly inferior. This is Lie Dang.)
【Properties and Flavor】
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
【Indications】
Treats Wu Lao Qi Shang (five exhaustion and seven impairments) in men. Tonifies the waist and kidneys, promoting fertility. Dispels wind and blood stasis. Decocted in wine or soaked in wine for consumption.