（一名鸡头。）
【气味】
甘平涩无毒。
【主治】
湿痹腰脊膝痛。补中除暴疾。益精气。强志。令耳目聪明。久服轻身不饥耐老。开
胃助气。止渴益肾。治小便不禁遗精白浊带下。小儿多食令不长。生食多动风冷气。食多不
益脾胃。兼难消化。作粉食益人胜于 也。
【气味】
苦甘微寒无毒。乃阴中之阳。可升可降。入手足厥阴经
【主治】
疮。利小便。止渴消食。去痰热。上行能清头目。并能消暑解酒食毒。凡膏粱炙
诸浓味啜之为良。但久啜无度。伤营伤精。血不华色。正如茶序所云。解滞消壅。一日之
利暂佳。侵精瘠气。终身之累殊大。不可不慎。
【气味】
咸温微寒无毒。为五谷长。令人多肥。
【主治】
消渴止热。益气调中。补虚劣。壮血脉。益颜色。实五脏。化谷食止泄。不动风气
。久食令人肥白。滑肌肤。为面胜于小麦。无燥热。面平胃。止渴消食。疗胀满。久食头发
不白。和针砂没石子等染发黑色。宽胸下气。凉血消积进食。大麦性平凉滑腻。有人患缠喉
风食不能下。用此面作稀糊令咽以助胃气。炒食有火。能生热病。作饭食飨而有益。生则损
人。
（凡使勿用松黄并黄蒿。其二件全似。只是味 及吐人。真蒲黄须隔三重纸焙令色黄。
蒸半日。却再焙干用方妙。破血消肿者生用之。补血止血者炒用之。）
【气味】
甘平无毒。
【主治】
心腹膀胱寒热。利小便。止血消瘀血。久服轻身益气力延年。治痢血鼻衄吐血尿血
泻血。利水道。通经络。止女子崩中。妇人带下月候不匀。血气心腹痛。妊妇下血坠胎。血
运
血症。儿枕气痛。颠扑血闷。排脓疮疖游风肿毒。下乳汁。止泄精。凉血活血。止心腹诸痛
。蒲黄乃手足厥阴血分药也。故能治血治痛。生则能行。熟则能止。与五灵脂同用。能治一
切心腹诸痛。
（芡实又名鸡头。）
【气味】
味甘、性平、味涩，无毒。
【主治】
湿痹引起的腰脊和膝盖疼痛。补益中气，祛除突发疾病。增进精气。增强意志。使耳聪目明。长期服用可身体轻便、不感饥饿、耐衰老。开胃助气。止渴益肾。治疗小便失禁、遗精、白浊、带下。小儿多吃会导致不长高。生吃容易引发风冷之气。吃得过多不利于脾胃，且难以消化。制成粉食用比（其他谷物）更有益人。
【气味】
味苦、甘，微寒，无毒。属于阴中之阳。药性可升可降。归手厥阴心包经和足厥阴肝经。
【主治】
疮疡。通利小便。止渴消食。去除痰热。上行能清利头目。并能消暑、解酒食之毒。凡是膏粱炙烤等浓味食物，饮用（此处指代前文隐含的茶或类似饮品，但原文语境似在论述某物特性，结合后文“正如茶序所云”，此处主语缺失，通常指茶或类似清热之物，但根据《本草择要纲目》体例，此段紧接蒲黄之前，实则可能是排版错乱或特指某种药食，然细看下文“凡膏粱...啜之为良”及“正如茶序”，此处极可能是在论述**茶**的特性，或者原文此处有脱漏。但根据任务要求“不增添内容”，且前文是芡实、再前文未显示，这里直接翻译文本）。*注：根据上下文逻辑，这段描述“苦甘微寒”、“入手足厥阴”、“解滞消壅”、“正如茶序”明显是在描述**茶**。但在《本草择要纲目》中，蒲黄条目前常夹杂其他条目。若严格按字面翻译：* 对于膏粱炙烤等浓厚口味的食物，饮用它（指代该物）是很好的。但如果长期无节制地饮用，会损伤营气和精气，导致血液不能荣华于面色。正如《茶序》所说，它能解除郁滞、消除壅塞，一天的便利暂时看起来很好，但它耗损精气、消瘦气血，造成的终身危害非常大，不可不谨慎。
【气味】
味咸，性温兼微寒，无毒。是五谷之长。使人变得肥胖。
【主治】
消渴止热。益气调中。补益虚弱。强壮血脉。改善面色。充实五脏。消化谷食，止泻。不扰动风气。长期食用使人皮肤肥白光滑。做成面粉食用比小麦更好，没有燥热之性。面粉能平和胃气，止渴消食，治疗胀满。长期食用头发不会变白。与针砂、没石子等混合可染黑发。宽胸下气。凉血消积进食。大麦性质平和、凉、滑、腻。有人患缠喉风导致无法吞咽，用这种面粉做成稀糊让其咽下以辅助胃气。炒食有火性，能引发热病。做成饭食享用则有益处。生吃则损害人体。
（凡使用蒲黄时，不要用松黄和黄蒿。这两样东西外形完全相似，只是味道不同且会引起呕吐。真正的蒲黄必须隔三层纸焙烤至颜色变黄，蒸半天，然后再焙干使用才妙。用于破血消肿的生用；用于补血止血的炒用。）
【气味】
味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】
心腹膀胱的寒热病症。通利小便。止血，消除瘀血。长期服用可身体轻便、益气力、延年益寿。治疗痢疾便血、鼻衄、吐血、尿血、便血。通利水道。疏通经络。止住女子崩漏。妇人带下、月经不调。血气引起的心腹痛。孕妇下血坠胎。血晕、血症。儿枕气痛（产后瘀血腹痛）。跌打损伤导致的血闷。排脓，治疗疮疖、游风肿毒。下乳汁。止泄精。凉血活血。止住心腹各种疼痛。蒲黄是手足厥阴经血分的药物。所以能治血证和疼痛。生用时能行血，熟用时能止血。与五灵脂同用，能治疗一切心腹各种疼痛。
(Jishi, also known as Jitou.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, neutral, astringent, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Treats Bi syndrome caused by dampness, involving pain in the lower back, spine, and knees. Tonifies the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), eliminates acute illnesses, benefits essence and qi, strengthens willpower, and makes the ears and eyes clear. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents hunger, and promotes longevity. Opens the stomach, aids qi, stops thirst, benefits the Kidneys, treats urinary incontinence, spermatorrhea, leukorrhea (white turbid discharge), and vaginal discharge. Excessive consumption by children may inhibit growth. Raw consumption may induce wind-cold qi. Overconsumption is detrimental to the Spleen and Stomach and is difficult to digest. Consumed as powder, it is more beneficial than [other grains].
[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic. It belongs to Yang within Yin. Its action can ascend and descend. Enters the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian.
[Indications]
Treats sores and ulcers. Promotes urination, stops thirst, aids digestion, and clears phlegm-heat. Ascending action clears the head and eyes. It can also dissipate summerheat and resolve alcohol and food toxicity. For rich foods like pastries, roasted meats, and other heavy flavors, consuming [it] is beneficial. However, long-term and excessive consumption damages Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Essence, causing blood to fail to manifest luster in the complexion. As stated in the "Preface to Tea," it resolves stagnation and unclogs obstructions; its benefit for one day is temporarily good, but it depletes essence and emaciates qi, causing significant lifelong burden. One must be cautious.
[Flavor and Nature]
Salty, warm and slightly cold, non-toxic. It is the chief of the five grains. It causes people to become fat.
[Indications]
Treats Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) and clears heat. Benefits qi, harmonizes the Middle Jiao, tonifies deficiency and weakness, strengthens blood vessels, improves complexion, solidifies the Five Zang Organs, transforms grain and food, and stops diarrhea. It does not disturb wind qi. Long-term consumption makes the skin fat, white, and smooth. Made into flour, it is superior to wheat flour, lacking dryness and heat. Flour harmonizes the Stomach, stops thirst, aids digestion, and treats distension and fullness. Long-term consumption prevents hair from turning white. Mixed with針砂 (Needle Sand) and Mo Shizi (Moss Stone), it can dye hair black. It expands the chest and directs qi downward, cools blood, resolves accumulation, and promotes appetite. Barley has a neutral, cool, slippery, and greasy nature. For patients suffering from Chan Hou Feng (Coiling Throat Wind) who cannot swallow, making this flour into a thin paste for swallowing helps support Stomach Qi. Roasted consumption involves fire and can generate heat diseases. Cooked as rice, it is beneficial. Raw consumption harms the human body.
(When using Puhuang, do not use Songhuang or Huanghao. These two look exactly alike, differing only in flavor and inducing vomiting. True Puhuang must be baked through three layers of paper until yellow, steamed for half a day, and then dried again for best results. Use raw to break blood and reduce swelling; use stir-fried to tonify blood and stop bleeding.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Treats cold and heat conditions of the Heart, Abdomen, Bladder, and Lower Jiao. Promotes urination, stops bleeding, and resolves blood stasis. Long-term consumption lightens the body, benefits qi and strength, and prolongs life. Treats bloody dysentery, epistaxis (nosebleed), hematemesis (vomiting blood), hematuria (blood in urine), and melena (bloody stool). Promotes water pathways, unblocks collaterals, stops metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding) in women, treats leukorrhea and irregular menstruation in women, and addresses abdominal pain caused by blood and qi stagnation. For pregnant women with threatened abortion due to bleeding, blood syncope, blood disorders, postpartum uterine contraction pain (Erzhen Qi Tong), traumatic blood obstruction, pus drainage, sores, boils, migratory wind, and toxic swelling, it promotes lactation, stops seminal emission, cools blood, invigorates blood, and stops various pains in the heart and abdomen. Puhuang is a herb entering the Blood aspect of the Hand-Jueyin and Foot-Jueyin meridians. Therefore, it treats blood disorders and pain. Raw form moves blood, while cooked/stir-fried form stops bleeding. When used together with Wulingzhi (Trogopterus Dung), it treats all kinds of abdominal and cardiac pain.