（取花白者根。铜刀刮去皮。薄切。以东流水浸两宿。漉出架甑蒸。以黑豆叶一重。商
陆一重。如此蒸之。从午至亥。取出去豆叶。暴干锉用。无豆叶以豆代之。）
【气味】
辛平有毒。沉也降也阴也。
【主治】
水肿疝瘕痹。熨除痈肿。杀鬼精物。疗胸中邪气。水肿痿痹。腹满洪。直疏五脏。
散水气。泻十种水病。喉痹不通。薄切醋炒。涂喉外良。通大小肠。泻蛊毒。堕胎。 肿毒
。敷恶疮。但其性下行。专于行水。与大戟甘遂盖异性而同功。胃气虚弱者不可用。其赤者
只可贴肿。服之伤人。痢血不已杀人。令人见鬼神。不可不慎。
【气味】
甘温无毒。
【主治】
恶气。卒心腹痛满。下气。黑皮 风疳齿 野鸡痔得白芷附子良。理元气。去气郁
。香港脚膝浮。煎汤淋洗。甘松芳香。能开脾郁。少加入脾胃药中。甚醒脾气。
（即没石子。凡使勿犯铜铁并被火惊。用颗小无 米者妙。用浆水于砂盆中研令尽
。焙干再研如乌犀色入药。）
【气味】
苦温无毒。
【主治】
赤白痢。滑肠生肌肉。肠虚冷痢。益血生精。和气安神。乌髭发。治阴毒痿。烧灰
用。温中。治阴疮阴汗。小儿疳 。冷滑不禁。
（凡用要赤肥并不蛀者。以新汲水浸一宿。用铜刀削去粗皮。以酥反复炙透。槌去子弦
用。每荚一两。用酥五钱。又有蜜炙酥炙绞汁烧灰之异。各依方法。）
【气味】
辛咸温有小毒。
【主治】
皂荚属金。入手太阴阳明之经。金胜木。燥胜风。故兼入足厥阴治风木之病。其味
辛而性燥。气浮而散。吹之导之。则通上下诸窍。服之则治风湿痰喘肿满杀虫。涂之则散肿
消毒。搜风治疮。
恶（麦门冬） 畏（空青 人参 苦参） 伏（丹砂 粉霜 硫黄 砂）
【子】
（拣取圆满坚硬不蛀者。以瓶煮熟。剥去硬皮一重。取向里白肉两片去黄。以铜刀切
晒用。其黄消人肾气。）
【气味】
辛温无毒。
【主治】
炒舂去赤皮。以水浸软。煮熟糖渍食之。疏导五脏风热壅。核中白肉。入治肺药。
核中黄心嚼食。治膈痰吞酸。仁和血润肠。治风热大肠虚秘。瘰 肿毒疮癣。又核烧存性。
治大便燥结。其性得湿则滑。滑则燥结自通也。
【刺】
（一名天丁。）
【气味】
辛温无毒。
【主治】
米醋熬嫩刺作煎。涂疮癣有奇效。治痈肿妒乳。风疠恶疮。胎衣不下。杀虫。但皂
荚刺能引诸药性上行。治上焦病。又能引至痈疽溃处更验。
【商陆】
（选取花白色根部的商陆。用铜刀刮去外皮。切成薄片。用东流水浸泡两个夜晚。捞出后架在甑上蒸。一层黑豆叶，一层商陆，如此交替蒸制。从午时到亥时。取出后去掉豆叶，晒干后锉碎使用。如果没有豆叶，可以用豆子代替。）
【气味】
辛味，平性，有毒。性质沉降、下行，属阴。
【主治】
水肿、疝气、瘕积、痹证。外熨可消除痈肿。驱除邪祟精怪。治疗胸中邪气。治疗水肿、痿证、痹证。腹部胀满、水湿停聚。疏通五脏。散除水气。泻除十种水病。喉痹不通畅。将商陆薄切后用醋炒，涂于喉外部效果良好。通利大小肠。泻除蛊毒。堕胎。肿胀毒疮。敷治恶疮。但商陆药性下行，专门用于行水，与大戟、甘遂虽然药性不同但功效相似。胃气虚弱者不可使用。红色的商陆只能贴敷消肿，内服会伤人。导致痢血不止会致死。使人产生幻觉见鬼神，不可不谨慎。
【皂荚】
【气味】
甘味，温性，无毒。
【主治】
恶气。突然发生的心腹疼痛胀满。下气。黑皮风、疳齿、野鸡痔配合白芷、附子使用效果好。调理元气。去除气郁。香港脚、膝盖浮肿。煎汤淋洗。甘松芳香，能开通脾郁。少量加入脾胃药中，非常能醒脾气。
【没石子】
（即没食子。凡使用不要触犯铜铁，也不要被火惊扰。选用颗粒小、无米质的最好。用浆水在砂盆中研磨至尽。焙干后再研磨成乌犀色入药。）
【气味】
苦味，温性，无毒。
【主治】
赤白痢疾。滑肠生肌肉。肠虚冷痢。益血生精。调和气血安神。使胡须头发变黑。治疗阴毒痿证。烧成灰使用。温中。治疗阴疮、阴汗。小儿疳积。冷滑不禁。
【皂荚】
（凡使用要选红色肥大且不蛀的。用新汲水浸泡一个夜晚。用铜刀削去粗皮。用酥油反复炙透。捣碎去掉子弦使用。每两皂荚，用五钱酥油。又有蜜炙、酥炙、绞汁、烧灰等不同方法，各依具体方法操作。）
【气味】
辛、咸味，温性，有小毒。
【主治】
皂荚属金，入手太阴肺经和手阳明大肠经。金克木。燥胜风。所以兼入足厥阴肝经治疗风木之病。其味辛而性燥，气浮而散。吹入或导引，则能通上下诸窍。服用则治疗风湿痰喘、肿满、杀虫。涂擦则散肿消毒。搜风治疮。
恶（麦门冬） 畏（空青、人参、苦参） 伏（丹砂、粉霜、硫黄、砂）
【子】
（拣取圆满坚硬不蛀的。用瓶煮熟。剥去硬皮一层，取里面白肉两片去掉黄色部分，用铜刀切开晒干使用。其中的黄色部分会消损人肾气。）
【气味】
辛味，温性，无毒。
【主治】
炒舂去掉赤皮。用水浸软。煮熟后用糖渍食之。疏导五脏风热壅滞。核中白肉，入药治疗肺病。核中黄心嚼食，治疗膈痰吞酸。仁和血润肠。治疗风热、大肠虚秘。瘰疬、肿毒、疮癣。又将核烧存性，治疗大便燥结。其性得湿则滑，滑则燥结自通也。
【刺】
（一名天丁。）
【气味】
辛味，温性，无毒。
【主治】
米醋熬煮嫩刺作煎剂，涂疮癣有奇效。治疗痈肿妒乳、风疠恶疮、胎衣不下、杀虫。但皂荚刺能引导诸药性上行，治疗上焦病。又能引导药力至痈疽溃烂处，疗效更显著。
[Phytolaccae Radix]
(Select the root with white flowers. Scrape off the skin with a copper knife. Slice thinly. Soak in flowing water from the east for two nights. Drain and place on a steamer. Layer with one layer of black soybean leaves and one layer of Phytolaccae Radix, steaming alternately like this. Steam from Wu hour to Hai hour. Remove and discard the bean leaves. Sun-dry and chop for use. If bean leaves are unavailable, substitute with beans.)
[Properties and Flavor]
Acrid, neutral, toxic. Sinking and descending, yin nature.
[Indications]
Edema, hernia, mass accumulation, bi-syndrome. External application can eliminate carbuncles and swellings. Expels evil spirits and demons. Treats evil qi in the chest. Treats edema, flaccidity syndrome, and bi-syndrome. Abdominal fullness and fluid retention. Unblocks the five zang organs. Disperses fluid qi. Drains out ten types of water diseases. Obstruction of throat due to bi-syndrome. Thinly sliced and stir-fried with vinegar, applied externally to the throat with good effect. Promotes urination and defecation by unblocking the large and small intestines. Drains gu poison. Induces abortion. Swelling and toxic sores. Applied to malignant ulcers. However, its nature is descending, specifically used for promoting water metabolism. Although different in properties, it shares similar efficacy with Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba (Daji) and Kansui Radix (Gansui). It should not be used by those with weak stomach qi. The red variety can only be applied externally to reduce swelling; internal administration harms the body. Causing persistent bloody dysentery leads to death. Causes hallucinations of seeing ghosts and gods; caution is essential.
[Sophorae Fructus]
[Properties and Flavor]
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Evil qi. Sudden epigastric and abdominal pain and fullness. Directs qi downward. For black skin wind, gan tooth decay, and "wild chicken hemorrhoids," combined with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi) and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), it is effective. Regulates primordial qi. Removes qi stagnation. For Hong Kong foot (gouty arthritis) and knee swelling, decocted soup for washing. Spikenard (Nardostachys Chinensis Radix et Rhizoma) is aromatic and can open spleen depression. Added in small amounts to spleen and stomach formulas, it greatly awakens spleen qi.
[Galla Chinensis]
(Also known as Galla Chinensis. When using, avoid copper, iron, and fire shock. Select small particles without rice-like cores. Grind thoroughly in a clay mortar with sour rice water. Dry over low heat, grind again until it resembles the color of black rhino horn before incorporating into medicine.)
[Properties and Flavor]
Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Red and white dysentery. Lubricates intestines and generates flesh. Cold dysentery due to intestinal deficiency. Benefits blood and generates essence. Harmonizes qi and calms the spirit. Darkens beard and hair. Treats yin toxicity and flaccidity. Burned to ash for use. Warms the middle. Treats yin sores and yin sweating. Pediatric gan accumulation. Cold diarrhea with incontinence.
[Sophorae Fructus]
(When using, select red, plump, and non-bored pods. Soak in fresh well water for one night. Scrape off the rough skin with a copper knife. Roast repeatedly with clarified butter until thoroughly penetrated. Pound to remove the seed strings. For every liang of Sophorae Fructus, use 5 qian of clarified butter. There are also other methods such as honey-roasting, butter-roasting, juicing, and burning to ash, each according to specific instructions.)
[Properties and Flavor]
Acrid, salty, warm, slightly toxic.
[Indications]
Sophorae Fructus belongs to Metal and enters the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian and Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. Metal overcomes Wood. Dryness overcomes Wind. Therefore, it also enters the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian to treat wind-wood diseases. Its flavor is acrid and nature is dry; its qi is floating and dispersing. Blown or guided into the nose, it unblocks all orifices above and below. Ingested, it treats rheumatic wind-phlegm asthma, swelling and fullness, and kills parasites. Applied topically, it dissipates swelling and detoxifies. Searches out wind and treats sores.
Antagonistic with (Ophiopogonis Radix - Maidong). Feared by (Azurite - Kongqing, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma - Renshen, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix - Kushen). Subdued by (Cinnabaris - Dansha, Calomel - Fenshuang, Sulfur - Liuhuang, Arsenicum Rubeum - Sha).
[Seeds]
(Select round, hard, and non-bored seeds. Boil thoroughly in a vessel. Peel off the hard outer skin, take the two inner white fleshy parts, remove the yellow center, slice with a copper knife, and sun-dry for use. The yellow part consumes kidney qi.)
[Properties and Flavor]
Acrid, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Stir-fry and pound to remove the red skin. Soak in water until soft. Cook thoroughly and preserve in sugar for consumption. Unblocks wind-heat congestion in the five zang organs. The white meat inside the seed, when used in medicine, treats lung conditions. Chewing the yellow heart inside the seed treats phlegm in the diaphragm and acid regurgitation. Harmonizes blood and moistens the intestines. Treats wind-heat and constipation due to large intestine deficiency. Scrofula, swelling, toxic sores, tinea, and psoriasis. Burning the seed to retain its character treats dry stool constipation. Its nature becomes slippery when wet; slipperiness naturally resolves dryness and obstruction.
[Spines]
(Also known as Tianding.)
[Properties and Flavor]
Acrid, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Simmer young spines in rice vinegar to make a paste; applying it to tinea and psoriasis has miraculous effects. Treats carbuncles, mastitis, leprosy, and malignant sores. Facilitates the expulsion of the placenta. Kills parasites. However, Sophorae Fructus spines can guide the properties of other herbs upward, treating upper jiao diseases. They can also guide medicinal power to the site of ulcerated carbuncles and sores, enhancing efficacy.