【气味】
甘平寒无毒。
【主治】
降气宽肠。压丹石毒。炼肠胃滓滞。而治浊带泄痢腹痛上气之疾。气盛有湿热者宜
之。若脾胃虚寒人食之。则大脱元气而落须眉。
【气味】
酸冷无毒。
【主治】
消食积。补脾健胃。行结气。消肉积滞血痛胀。化血块气块。若胃中无食积。脾虚
不能运化不思食。多服之则反克伐脾胃生发之气。
（一名木鳖子。）
【气味】
苦辛有毒。
【主治】
恶痢冷漏疮恶疮疠风。凡漏疮年久者。复其元阳。当用漏蓝子辈加减用之。如不当
用
而轻用之。又恐热气乘虚变移结核。而为害尤甚也。按类编云。一人两足生疮。臭溃难近。
夜宿五夫人祠下。梦神授方用漏蓝子一枚。生研为末。入腻粉少许。井水调涂。依法治之果
愈。盖此物不堪服饵。只宜入疮科也。
【气味】
辛温有大毒。可升可降。阳中之阴。浮中之沉。无所不至。入手少阳足少阴三焦命
门之剂。
【主治】
风寒咳逆。温中。散脏腑沉寒。拘挛膝痛。补虚散壅。脊强而厥。久病呕哕。反胃
噎膈。痈疽不敛。下痢赤白。助阳退阴。凡伤寒传变三阴及中寒夹阴。虽身大热而脉沉者必
用之。近世阴症伤寒。往往疑似。不敢遽用。直待阴极阳竭。而莫之救。则惑之甚也。岂知
附子禀雄壮之质。有斩关夺将之功。能引补气药行十二经。以追复散失之元阳。引补血药入
血分。以滋养不足之真阴。引发散药开腠理。以祛逐在表之风寒。引温暖药达下焦。以驱除
在里之阴湿。功能退阴扶阳。起死回生。信不诬也。仲景八味丸用为少阴经之向导。又其性
走而不守。健悍走下。以行地黄之滞。后人不审。相习为治风之药。并为补药。亦惑之甚也
。又熟附配麻黄。发中有补。仲景麻黄附子细辛汤。麻黄附子甘草汤是也。又曰附子无干姜
不热。得甘草则性缓。得桂则补命门真火。川乌头即生附子之母。气辛温。功同附子而稍缓
。又曰川乌头性轻疏。温脾去风。又云服乌附药。并宜冷服。谓阴寒在下。虚阳上浮。治之
以寒。则阴气益甚而病增。治之以热。则拒格而不纳。热药冷冻饮料。下嗌之后。冷体既清。热
性便发。而病气随愈。不违其情。而致大益。此热因寒用。反治之妙也。天雄乃种附子而内
中生出者。又或附子中变换而出。其形长而不生子。故曰天雄。元素曰。非天雄不能补上焦
之阳虚。但思上焦阳虚。即属心肺之分。当用参 。不当用天雄。不知补下即所以益上。先
贤非误认上尖为上药也。
【气味】
味甘，性平、寒，无毒。
【主治】
能降气宽肠。压制丹石类药物（古代道士炼制的矿物药）的毒性。炼化肠胃中的积滞，治疗白带浑浊、泄泻痢疾、腹痛及气逆上冲等病症。体内气盛且有湿热者适宜服用。若是脾胃虚寒的人食用它，则会严重耗损元气，导致须眉脱落。
【气味】
味酸，性冷，无毒。
【主治】
消除食积。补益脾气，健运胃腑。疏通郁结之气，消除因肉食积滞导致的血瘀疼痛和胀满。化解血块和气块。如果胃中没有食积，且脾虚不能运化食物而不思饮食，多服此药反而会克伐脾胃的生发之气。
（又名木鳖子。）
【气味】
味苦、辛，有毒。
【主治】
治疗恶性痢疾、冷性漏疮、恶疮及麻风病。凡是年久不愈的漏疮，若要恢复其元阳，应当使用漏篮子等药物加减配伍来治疗。如果不适合使用而轻率地使用，又恐怕热气乘虚而入，转变为结核病灶，从而造成更大的危害。据《类编》记载：有一人双足生疮，臭烂难以靠近。夜间睡在五夫人祠下，梦见神灵传授方子，用一枚漏篮子，生研成末，加入少许腻粉，用井水调匀后涂抹。依法治疗果然痊愈。大概这种药物不适合内服，只适宜用于外科疮疡科。
【气味】
味辛，性温，有大毒。具有升浮和沉降的作用，属于阳中之阴，浮中之沉，药力无所不至。是入手少阳经、足少阴经以及三焦、命门的药物。
【主治】
治疗风寒引起的咳嗽气逆。温暖中焦，驱散脏腑深处的寒邪，缓解拘挛和膝痛。补虚散壅，治疗脊背强直和厥逆。治疗久病引起的呕吐呃逆、反胃噎膈。治疗痈疽久溃不敛，以及赤白痢疾。辅助阳气，驱逐阴邪。凡是伤寒病传变至三阴经，以及中寒夹阴证，虽然身体大热但脉象沉伏的，必须使用附子。近代治疗阴症伤寒，往往因为疑似而不敢立即使用，直到阴极阳竭，无法挽救时，才感到困惑不已，这是非常迷惑的做法。哪里知道附子禀赋雄壮之质，有斩关夺将的功效，能引导补气药运行于十二经脉，以追回复散失的元阳；引导补血药进入血分，以滋养不足的真阴；引导发散药打开腠理，以祛除在表的风寒；引导温热药到达下焦，以驱除在里的阴湿。其功能在于退阴扶阳，起死回生，确实不是虚假的。张仲景的八味丸中使用附子作为少阴经的向导。另外，它的性质走而不守，刚健悍烈下行，用以行地黄之滞。后世之人不加审察，习惯将其作为治风的药物，并当作补药使用，这也是非常迷惑的。另外，熟附子配伍麻黄，发汗中有补益作用，如张仲景的麻黄附子细辛汤、麻黄附子甘草汤即是。又说附子没有干姜就不热，得到甘草则药性缓和，得到桂枝则能补益命门真火。川乌头即生附子的母体，气味辛温，功效同附子但稍缓。又说川乌头性质轻疏，能温脾祛风。又说服用乌头、附子类药物，都宜冷服。这是因为阴寒在下，虚阳上浮，如果用寒凉药物治疗，则阴气更盛而病情加重；如果用温热药物治疗，则会出现格拒而不纳受的情况。将热药冷冻后服用，咽下之后，冷的性状既已清除，热的药性便开始发挥，而病气随之痊愈，不违背病情实情，从而获得巨大的益处。这就是“热因寒用”，是反治法的妙处。天雄是种植附子时内部生长出来的，或者是附子中变异而出的，形状细长但不生子，所以叫天雄。李元素说：非天雄不能补上焦的阳虚。但思考上焦阳虚，即属于心肺的范畴，应当用人参、黄芪等，不应当用天雄。不知道补下焦就是所以益上焦的道理。先贤并非误认上尖为上药。
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, neutral, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Descends qi and expands the intestines. Suppresses the toxicity of Dan Shi (mineral pills). Refines and eliminates stagnation in the stomach and intestines, treating disorders such as turbid leukorrhea, diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain, and rebellious qi. It is suitable for those with abundant qi and damp-heat. If consumed by individuals with deficiency-cold of the spleen and stomach, it will severely deplete yuan qi (primordial qi) and cause hair loss from the beard and eyebrows.
[Flavor and Nature]
Sour, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Eliminates food accumulation. Tonifies the spleen and strengthens the stomach. Moves stagnant qi, resolves meat accumulation, blood stasis, pain, and distension. Dissolves blood masses and qi masses. If there is no food accumulation in the stomach, and the spleen is deficient unable to transform and transport, leading to anorexia, excessive consumption will instead damage the generating qi of the spleen and stomach.
(Also known as Mu Bie Zi [Strychnos nux-vomica seed].)
[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, acrid, toxic.
[Indications]
Treats malignant dysentery, chronic fistula sores, malignant ulcers, and leprosy. For chronic fistula sores that have persisted for years, to restore their yuan yang (primordial yang), one should use Lou Lan Zi (Caulis Tinosporae) and other herbs with modifications. If used inappropriately or lightly, heat qi may take advantage of the deficiency to transform into tubercles, causing even greater harm. According to *Lei Bian*: A person had sores on both feet that were foul-smelling and ulcerated, making them difficult to approach. He slept under the shrine of the Five Madams at night and dreamed that a deity taught him a prescription: use one piece of Lou Lan Zi, crush it raw into powder, add a small amount of Nifen (Calomel), mix well with well water, and apply topically. Following this method, he was indeed cured. This substance is unsuitable for internal administration and is only appropriate for dermatology/surgery departments.
[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, warm, highly toxic. Capable of ascending and descending; yin within yang; sinking within floating. Its action reaches everywhere. It enters the Hand Shaoyang, Foot Shaoyin, San Jiao (Triple Burner), and Ming Men (Gate of Vitality) channels.
[Indications]
Treats cough and rebellious qi caused by wind-cold. Warms the middle jiao, disperses deep-seated cold in the zang-fu organs, relieves spasms and knee pain. Tonifies deficiency and dissipates obstruction, treats stiff spine and厥逆 (cold extremities/jue syndrome). Treats chronic vomiting and hiccups, regurgitation, and dysphagia. Treats carbuncles and ulcers that fail to heal, and bloody-white dysentery. Assists yang and repels yin. In cases where Shang Han (Cold Damage) has transmitted to the three yin channels, or in cold injury with yin involvement, even if the body is very hot but the pulse is deep, Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) must be used. In recent times, practitioners often hesitate to use it immediately for yin-pattern Shang Han due to uncertainty, waiting until yin is extreme and yang is exhausted before realizing they cannot save the patient. This is great confusion. How can they not know that Fuzi possesses a robust nature, has the merit of breaking through gates and capturing generals, can guide qi-tonifying herbs to circulate through the twelve meridians to recover lost yuan yang, can guide blood-nourishing herbs into the blood level to nourish insufficient true yin, can guide dispersing herbs to open the cou li (pores/interstices) to expel wind-cold on the exterior, and can guide warming herbs to reach the lower jiao to drive out interior yin-dampness. Its function is to repel yin and support yang, bringing the dead back to life. This is certainly not false. Zhang Zhongjing uses it in Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) as a guide for the Shaoyin channel. Furthermore, its nature moves without staying, vigorous and harsh, moving downward to resolve the stagnation of Di Huang (Rehmannia Root). Later generations did not examine this carefully, habitually using it as a wind-dispelling medicine and as a tonic, which is also great confusion. Additionally, Shu Fuzi (Prepared Aconite) paired with Ma Huang (Ephedra) provides tonification amidst dispersion, as seen in Zhang Zhongjing's Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Asarum Decoction) and Ma Huang Fu Zi Gan Cao Tang (Ephedra, Aconite, and Licorice Decoction). It is said that Fuzi is not hot without Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger); with Gan Cao (Licorice), its nature becomes mild; with Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), it tonifies the true fire of the Ming Men. Chuan Wu Tou (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata) is the mother of Sheng Fu Zi (Raw Aconite). Its qi is acrid and warm, its efficacy is similar to Fuzi but slightly milder. It is also said that Chuan Wu Tou has a light and dispersing nature, warms the spleen, and dispels wind. It is also stated that when taking Wu Tou (Aconite) and Fu Zi medicines, they should be taken cold. This is because yin-cold is below and deficient yang floats upward. If treated with cold, yin qi increases and the disease worsens; if treated with heat, rejection occurs and the medicine is not accepted. Taking hot medicine after freezing it: once swallowed, the cold property clears, then the hot property activates, and the pathogenic qi heals accordingly. This does not contradict the condition's nature but brings great benefit. This is "treating heat with cold," the subtlety of contrary treatment. Tian Xiong (Lateral Root of Aconitum carmichaelii) grows inside planted Fuzi or transforms from Fuzi. Its shape is long and does not produce offspring, hence called Tian Xiong. Li Yuan says: Only Tian Xiong can tonify deficiency of yang in the upper jiao. But considering that deficiency of yang in the upper jiao belongs to the heart and lung regions, one should use Ren Shen (Ginseng) etc., not Tian Xiong. They do not understand that tonifying the lower benefits the upper. The sages did not mistakenly recognize the pointed tip as the superior medicinal part.