得酒良。黄芩为使，无所畏，忌冷水，恶干漆。陈久者佳，有锦纹者胜。
味苦，大寒，无毒。入足阳明胃、太阴脾、厥阴肝。泻热行瘀，决壅开塞。除阳亢之谵
语，
解实结之满痛。下阳明之结燥，除太阴之湿蒸。通经脉而破症结，消痈疽而排脓血。乃荡涤
肠胃之峻剂，通利二便之灵丹。
生河西山谷及陇西，今蜀川、河东、陕西皆有之。以蜀川锦纹者为佳。其次秦陇来者，
谓之
土番大黄。正月生青叶，似蓖麻，大者如扇。根如芋，大者如碗，长一二尺，其细根如牛蒡
。四月黄花，亦有青红似荞麦花者。茎青紫色，形如竹。二八月采。江淮出者为土大黄，二
月开花结细实。
痈肿热痛，醋合末敷之。（验方第一。）
肿毒初起，同五倍子、黄柏合末，新水调敷。（第二。）
火丹赤肿遍身，磨水刷之。（第三。）
汤火伤，蜜合末敷。（第四。）
冻疮破烂，水合末敷。（第五。）
损伤内瘀胀痛，同当归服。（第六。）
鼻中生疮，同杏仁捣匀，猪脂合敷。（第七。）
口疮烂糜，同枯矾末搽之，吐涎。（第八。）
牙痛龈血，崩落口臭。同生地各切片，合贴之。（第九。）
胃火牙痛，为末，口含凉水，以纸捻蘸大黄末，随左右吹鼻立止。（第十。）
目暴赤痛，同四物汤服。又吹鼻方，乳者五分，没药五分，雄黄三分，火硝
一钱，黄丹五分，研细末吹鼻。（十一。）
妇人阴肿痛，酒煎一两服。（十二。）
产后血块，醋熬膏，丸服。（十三。）
食已即吐，同甘草煎服，每一两。（十四。）
热利急痛，脉实，酒煎一两服之。（十五。）
赤白浊淋，每末六分，以鸡子破顶，入药搅匀，蒸熟食，三服已也。（十六。）
骨蒸积热黄瘦，大黄四分，童尿煎服。（十七。）
小儿诸热煨熟，同黄芩蜜丸服。（十八。）
久患积聚，二便不利，上抢心腹，胀满，同白芍丸服。（十九。）
腹中痞块，醋、蜜丸服。（二十。）
妇人室女经脉不通，大黄三钱，烧存性，有实热者生地三钱
，为末，空心酒下。又大黄三钱，藿香少许，斑蝥五六个去头足，共为末，每服五六分。先
热水漱口令净，即食枣三枚，将药温酒调服，再食枣三枚。忌惊扰，待腹痛二三阵，经即行
，不痛再服。后服平胃散以平胃。此二方必脉人壮强者可用。（二十一。）
大承气汤 大黄 芒硝 浓朴 枳实
治脐腹满痛，大便燥结，脉实。（诸方第一。）
小承气汤 大黄 浓朴 枳实
治同。（第二。）
大陷胸汤 大黄 芒硝 甘遂
水煎。治结胸，心下石硬，不按亦痛，或硬至少腹，脉沉紧，或潮热。（第三。）
大陷胸丸 大黄 芒硝 葶苈 杏仁
丸弹大，每一丸。症同上，兼项强者。（第四。）
大黄黄连泻心汤 大黄 黄连
以麻沸汤渍之，须臾绞去渣服。治心下痞，按之自濡。（第五。）
桂枝大黄汤 桂枝 白芍 炙草 姜 枣 大黄
治腹满实痛。（第六。）
大黄硝石汤 大黄 硝石 黄柏 山栀
水煎。治黄胆腹满，自汗，小水不利而赤。（第七。）
大黄附子汤
治胁下痛，发热，脉弦紧。（第八。）
抵当汤 大黄 桃仁 水蛭 虻虫
为末煎。治少腹结满，小水自利，发热，脉沉有力。（第九。）
大黄 虫丸 大黄 甘草 杏仁 白芍 地黄 桃仁 干漆 虻虫 水蛭 虫
黄芩
蜜丸服。治腹满而瘦，目暗肌错。（第十。）
下瘀血汤 大黄 桃仁 虫
蜜丸弹大，酒下。治产后腹痛在脐下者，亦治经水不利。（十一。）
大黄甘遂汤 大黄 甘遂 阿胶
煎服。治产后少腹满，小便微难。（十二。）
大黄丹皮汤 大黄 芒硝 桃仁 丹皮
治肠痈少腹肿痛，小便不调，自汗，发热，脉迟紧者。（十三。）
泻心汤 大黄 黄连 黄芩
水煎。治吐衄血。（十四。）
备急丸 大黄 干姜 巴霜
蜜丸豆大，每三丸。治猝痛，心腹如锥刺。（十五。）
金黄散 大黄 甘草（等分）
为末，酒熬成膏。治一切肿毒，痈疖初起。内服酒下，外敷贴之。（十六。）
生军散
为末醋合敷。治一切肿毒，痈疖初起。（十七。）
己椒苈黄丸 生军（一两） 葶苈（一两） 椒目（一两） 防己（一两）
蜜丸豆大，每三丸，日三服，不知稍增之。治腹满，口舌干燥，此水在肠间，外症不必
有水
酒制后效果更佳。以黄芩为引经药，无配伍禁忌，忌食冷水，畏干漆。陈放久者品质好，有锦纹者药效佳。
味苦，性大寒，无毒。归足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经、足厥阴肝经。能泻热行瘀，疏通壅滞，开通闭塞。消除因阳气亢盛引起的谵语（神志不清，胡言乱语），解除因实邪结聚引起的胀满疼痛。通下阳明经的燥结，清除太阴经的湿热蒸腾。疏通经脉并破除癥瘕积聚（腹内结块），消散痈疽并排出脓血。这是荡涤肠胃的峻猛药剂，也是通利大小便的灵丹妙药。
生于河西山谷及陇西，如今四川、河东、陕西等地都有出产。以四川产有锦纹者为佳。其次是秦陇地区出产的，称为土番大黄。正月生出青色叶片，形状像蓖麻叶，大的如扇子。根部像芋头，大的如碗口，长一二尺，细根像牛蒡根。四月开黄花，也有青红色像荞麦花的。茎呈青紫色，形状像竹子。二月和八月采收。江淮地区出产的叫土大黄，二月开花结细小的果实。
痈肿热痛，用醋调和药末外敷。（验方第一。）
肿毒初起，与五倍子、黄柏一起研成末，用新汲水调匀外敷。（第二。）
火丹（丹毒）红肿遍布全身，磨水涂抹患处。（第三。）
烫伤烧伤，用蜂蜜调和药末外敷。（第四。）
冻疮溃烂，用水调和药末外敷。（第五。）
跌打损伤导致体内瘀血胀痛，与当归同服。（第六。）
鼻中生疮，与杏仁捣匀，用猪脂调和外敷。（第七。）
口疮糜烂，与枯矾末掺擦患处，可吐出涎液。（第八。）
牙痛牙龈出血，牙齿松动口臭。与生地黄各切片，贴敷患处。（第九。）
胃火引起的牙痛，研成末，口中含凉水，用纸捻蘸取大黄末，根据患侧吹入对侧鼻孔，立止。（第十。）
眼睛突然红肿疼痛，与四物汤同服。另有吹鼻方：乳香五分，没药五分，雄黄三分，火硝一钱，黄丹五分，研成细末吹入鼻孔。（十一。）
妇女外阴肿痛，用酒煎煮一两服用。（十二。）
产后血块，用醋熬成膏，制成丸剂服用。（十三。）
吃完饭就呕吐，与甘草同煎服用，每次一两。（十四。）
热性痢疾急痛，脉象实有力，用酒煎煮一两服用。（十五。）
赤白浊淋（小便混浊或带血），每次取药末六分，将鸡蛋打破顶部，放入药末搅匀，蒸熟食用，服三次即愈。（十六。）
骨蒸潮热、积热发黄消瘦，大黄四分，用童子尿煎服。（十七。）
小儿各种热证，将大黄煨熟，与黄芩制成蜜丸服用。（十八。）
长期患有积聚病，大小便不通，气逆冲撞心腹，胀满，与白芍制成丸剂服用。（十九。）
腹中痞块，用醋、蜜制成丸剂服用。（二十。）
妇女月经不通，大黄三钱，烧至存性（保留药性但炭化），有实热者加生地黄三钱，研成末，空腹用酒送服。另有方：大黄三钱，少许藿香，斑蝥五六个去头足，共研成末，每次服五六分。先用热水漱口洗净，随即吃枣三枚，将药粉用温酒调服，再吃枣三枚。忌惊吓扰动，等待腹痛二三阵后，月经即可通行，不痛则再服。之后服用平胃散以调理脾胃。这两个方子必须用于脉象人身体强壮者方可使用。（二十一。）
大承气汤 大黄 芒硝 厚朴 枳实
治疗脐腹部胀满疼痛，大便干燥结硬，脉象实有力。（诸方第一。）
小承气汤 大黄 厚朴 枳实
主治同上。（第二。）
大陷胸汤 大黄 芒硝 甘遂
水煎服。治疗结胸证，心下坚硬如石，不按也痛，或硬痛延伸至小腹，脉沉紧，或伴有潮热。（第三。）
大陷胸丸 大黄 芒硝 葶苈子 杏仁
丸剂如弹子大，每次一丸。症状同上，兼有项背强直者。（第四。）
大黄黄连泻心汤 大黄 黄连
用麻沸汤（刚滚开的开水）浸泡片刻，绞去渣滓服用。治疗心下痞塞，按之柔软。（第五。）
桂枝大黄汤 桂枝 白芍 炙甘草 生姜 大枣 大黄
治疗腹部胀满实痛。（第六。）
大黄硝石汤 大黄 硝石 黄柏 栀子
水煎服。治疗黄疸伴腹部胀满，自汗出，小便不利且色赤。（第七。）
大黄附子汤
治疗胁下疼痛，发热，脉弦紧。（第八。）
抵当汤 大黄 桃仁 水蛭 虻虫
研末煎服。治疗少腹结满，小便自利，发热，脉沉有力。（第九。）
大黄䗪虫丸 大黄 甘草 杏仁 白芍 地黄 桃仁 干漆 虻虫 水蛭 䗪虫 黄芩
蜜丸服用。治疗腹部胀满而身体消瘦，两眼昏暗，肌肤甲错。（第十。）
下瘀血汤 大黄 桃仁 䗪虫
蜜丸如弹子大，酒送服。治疗产后脐下腹痛，也治疗月经不调。（十一。）
大黄甘遂汤 大黄 甘遂 阿胶
煎服。治疗产后少腹胀满，小便微难。（十二。）
大黄牡丹皮汤 大黄 芒硝 桃仁 丹皮
治疗肠痈（阑尾炎等）少腹肿痛，小便不调，自汗，发热，脉迟紧者。（十三。）
泻心汤 大黄 黄连 黄芩
水煎服。治疗吐血衄血。（十四。）
备急丸 大黄 干姜 巴豆霜
蜜丸如豆大，每次三丸。治疗突发剧痛，心腹如锥刺般疼痛。（十五。）
金黄散 大黄 甘草（等分）
研成末，用酒熬成膏。治疗一切肿毒，痈疖初起。内服酒送下，外敷贴患处。（十六。）
生军散
研成末，用醋调和外敷。治疗一切肿毒，痈疖初起。（十七。）
己椒苈黄丸 生大黄（一两） 葶苈子（一两） 椒目（一两） 防己（一两）
蜜丸如豆大，每次三丸，每日三次，无效稍增量。治疗腹部胀满，口舌干燥，此为水饮停聚在肠间，外症不一定有水饮表现。
It is best when processed with wine. Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) serves as a guiding herb, with no incompatibilities; cold water should be avoided, and it opposes Drylacca Resin (Ganqi). Aged specimens are superior, and those with "brocade patterns" (Jinwen) are more effective.
Bitter in taste, very cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach channel, Foot-Taiyin Spleen channel, and Foot-Jueyin Liver channel. It purges heat, promotes blood circulation to remove stasis, resolves obstruction, and opens blockages. It eliminates delirium caused by hyperactive Yang, and relieves fullness and pain due to solid accumulation. It purges dryness from the Yangming, and clears damp-heat steaming from the Taiyin. It unblocks meridians and breaks up masses, dissipates carbuncles and abscesses, and drains pus and blood. It is a potent agent for scouring the stomach and intestines, and a miraculous pill for promoting urination and defecation.
It grows in the valleys of Hexi and Longxi; today it is found in Sichuan, Hedong, and Shaanxi. The variety from Sichuan with brocade patterns is considered the best. Next are those from Qin and Long, called "Tufan Dahuang." In the first lunar month, green leaves emerge, resembling castor bean leaves, large ones like fans. The root resembles taro, large ones like bowls, one or two chi long, with fine roots resembling Arctii Fructus (Niubang). In the fourth month, yellow flowers appear, some greenish-red resembling buckwheat flowers. The stem is greenish-purple, shaped like bamboo. Harvested in the second and eighth months. The variety from Jianghuai is called "Tu Dahuang," flowering in the second month and bearing small seeds.
For painful swelling and heat, mix powder with vinegar and apply externally. (Verified Formula No. 1.)
For early-stage toxic swelling, mix powder with Milfoil Fruit (Wubeizi) and Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), blend with fresh water, and apply externally. (No. 2.)
For erysipelas (Huodan) with widespread redness and swelling, grind into water and brush on the affected area. (No. 3.)
For burns and scalds, mix powder with honey and apply externally. (No. 4.)
For cracked and ulcerated frostbite, mix powder with water and apply externally. (No. 5.)
For internal bruising and distending pain from trauma, take together with Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui). (No. 6.)
For sores in the nose, mash with Almond (Xingren), mix with lard, and apply externally. (No. 7.)
For oral ulcers and erosion, rub with Calcined Alum (Kufan) powder to induce salivation. (No. 8.)
For toothache, bleeding gums, loose teeth, and bad breath, slice Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi) and Rhubarb (Dahuang), and apply贴 (paste) to the site. (No. 9.)
For toothache due to Stomach fire, make into powder, hold cool water in the mouth, dip a paper twist into Rhubarb powder, and insufflate into the nostril opposite the painful side for immediate relief. (No. 10.)
For sudden red and painful eyes, take together with Siwu Tang. Another insufflation formula: Frankincense (Ruxiang) 5 fen, Myrrh (Moyao) 5 fen, Realgar (Xionghuang) 3 fen, Fire Nitre (Huoxiao) 1 qian, Minium (Huandan) 5 fen, grind into fine powder and insufflate into the nose. (No. 11.)
For painful swelling of the female genitals, decoct 1 liang in wine and take. (No. 12.)
For postpartum blood clots, boil with vinegar into a paste, form pills, and take. (No. 13.)
For vomiting immediately after eating, decoct with Licorice Root (Gancao) and take 1 liang per dose. (No. 14.)
For urgent painful hot dysentery with a solid pulse, decoct 1 liang in wine and take. (No. 15.)
For turbid urine with red/white discharge, take 6 fen of powder each time. Break an eggshell at the top, insert the medicine, stir well, steam, and eat. Three doses will cure it. (No. 16.)
For bone-steaming accumulated heat causing jaundice and emaciation, use 4 fen of Rhubarb, decoct in child's urine, and take. (No. 17.)
For various childhood fevers, roast Rhubarb until cooked, make honey pills with Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), and take. (No. 18.)
For long-standing accumulations with difficulty in urination and defecation, qi rushing to the heart and abdomen causing distension, make pills with White Peony Root (Baishao) and take. (No. 19.)
For abdominal痞 masses (痞块), make pills with vinegar and honey, and take. (No. 20.)
For amenorrhea in unmarried women, use 3 qian of Rhubarb, charred to retain efficacy. If there is excess heat, add 3 qian of Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi). Grind into powder, take on an empty stomach with wine. Another formula: 3 qian of Rhubarb, a little Agastache Herba (Huoxiang), 5-6 Blister Beetles (Banmao) with heads and feet removed, grind into powder. Take 5-6 fen each time. Rinse mouth thoroughly with hot water, then eat three dates. Mix medicine with warm wine and take, then eat three more dates. Avoid fright and disturbance. Wait for 2-3 waves of abdominal pain, then menstruation will flow. If no pain, take again. Afterwards, take Pingwei San to regulate the Spleen and Stomach. These two formulas are only suitable for patients with strong pulses and robust constitutions. (No. 21.)
Da Chengqi Decoction: Rhubarb, Mirabilite (Mangxiao), Magnolia Bark (Houpo), Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi).
Treats umbilical and abdominal fullness and pain, dry and hard stool, solid pulse. (Formula No. 1 among all formulas.)
Xiao Chengqi Decoction: Rhubarb, Magnolia Bark (Houpo), Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi).
Same indications. (No. 2.)
Da Xiexiong Decoction: Rhubarb, Mirabilite (Mangxiao), Kansui Radix (Gansui).
Decoct in water. Treats Jie Xiong syndrome (chest binding), hardness below the heart like stone, painful even without pressure, or hardness extending to the lower abdomen, deep-tight pulse, or tidal fever. (No. 3.)
Da Xiexiong Pill: Rhubarb, Mirabilite (Mangxiao), Lepidium Seed (Tinglizi), Apricot Kernel (Xingren).
Pills size of a bullet, one pill each time. Same symptoms as above, combined with neck stiffness. (No. 4.)
Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction: Rhubarb, Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian).
Steep in boiling water (Mafei Tang) for a moment, strain dregs, and take. Treats epigastric痞 (Pi), soft upon pressure. (No. 5.)
Guizhi Dahuang Decoction: Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), White Peony Root (Baishao), Honey-fried Licorice (Zhi Cao), Ginger, Jujube, Rhubarb.
Treats abdominal fullness and solid pain. (No. 6.)
Dahuang Xiaoshi Decoction: Rhubarb, Niter (Xiaoshi), Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai), Gardenia Fruit (Shanzhi).
Decoct in water. Treats jaundice with abdominal fullness, spontaneous sweating, difficult and dark urination. (No. 7.)
Dahuang Fuzi Decoction
Treats hypochondriac pain, fever, string-tight pulse. (No. 8.)
Didang Decoction: Rhubarb, Peach Kernel (Taoren), Leech (Shuizhi), Blowfly Larva (Mengchong).
Grind into powder and decoct. Treats lower abdominal fullness and hardness, free urination, fever, deep-pulse with strength. (No. 9.)
Dahuang Zhechong Wan: Rhubarb, Licorice, Apricot Kernel, White Peony Root, Rehmannia, Peach Kernel, Drylacca Resin (Ganqi), Blowfly Larva, Leech, Ground Beetle (Zhechong), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin).
Take as honey pills. Treats abdominal fullness with emaciation, dim vision, and rough skin (ji cuo). (No. 10.)
Xiayuxue Decoction: Rhubarb, Peach Kernel, Ground Beetle (Zhechong).
Honey pills size of a bullet, taken with wine. Treats postpartum abdominal pain below the umbilicus, also treats irregular menstruation. (No. 11.)
Dahuang Gansui Decoction: Rhubarb, Kansui Radix (Gansui), Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao).
Decoct and take. Treats postpartum lower abdominal fullness, slight difficulty in urination. (No. 12.)
Dahuang Danpi Decoction: Rhubarb, Mirabilite (Mangxiao), Peach Kernel, Moutan Cortex (Danpi).
Treats intestinal abscess with lower abdominal swelling and pain, irregular urination, spontaneous sweating, fever, slow-tight pulse. (No. 13.)
Xiexin Decoction: Rhubarb, Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin).
Decoct in water. Treats hematemesis and epistaxis. (No. 14.)
Beiji Wan: Rhubarb, Dried Ginger, Croton Seed Frost (Bashuang).
Honey pills size of beans, three pills each time. Treats sudden severe pain, stabbing pain in heart and abdomen. (No. 15.)
Jinhuang San: Rhubarb, Licorice (equal parts).
Grind into powder, boil with wine into a paste. Treats all toxic swellings, early-stage carbuncles and boils. Take internally with wine, apply externally. (No. 16.)
Shengjun San
Grind into powder, mix with vinegar and apply externally. Treats all toxic swellings, early-stage carbuncles and boils. (No. 17.)
Jifeng Lihuang Wan: Raw Rhubarb (1 liang), Lepidium Seed (1 liang), Zanthoxyli Semen (Jiaomu), Stephania Root (Fangji).
Honey pills size of beans, three pills each time, three times daily, increase slightly if ineffective. Treats abdominal fullness, dry mouth and tongue, indicating water retention in the intestines; external signs may not show obvious edema.