绣按人生疾苦。非属外感有余。即属内伤不足。然究其要。总不越乎脏气偏胜以为致害。
盖
人脏气不明。药性不知。无论病症当前。宜凉宜热。根蒂全然不晓。即其药之或功或过。亦
不知其奚自而起矣！考之濒湖纲目。所论脏腑虚实标本药式。其间分门别类。补母泻子。与
夫补气补血。非不既详且尽。但惜尚有未清之处。如白术不言能补脾气。反云能补肝气脾血
。
砂仁不言能温胃气。反云能补肾气。当归不言能补心血。反云能补命门相火。泽泻不言能除
膀胱湿热。反云能补心气。没药血竭不言能破肝血。反云能补肝血之类是也。且其所论三焦
实火宜泻。则栀连芩柏似可指引。而书偏指麻黄瓜蒂以为泻火之要。三焦实热宜解。则麻桂
硝黄似可列入。而书止举栀连芩柏为解热之剂。颠倒错乱。实不可解。以致后学漫无指归。
是篇采集用药主治。皆从药中正理考核。不以反借反说敷衍。间有正论既抒。旁意应明。亦
必疏畅殆尽。断不牵引混指。以致有误后学云。
（足厥阴乙木）
肝属木。木为生物之始。故言肝者。无不比类于木。（凡药色青味酸气臊性属木者。皆
入足
厥阴肝足少阳胆。肝与胆相为表里。胆为甲木。肝为乙木。）谓其肝气勃勃。犹于百木之挺
植。肝血之灌注。犹于百木之敷荣。昔人云。肝无补。非无补也。实以肝气过强。则肝血不
足
。补之反为五脏害。故以无补为贵。讵知肝气不充。是犹木之体嫩不振。而折甚易。（肝气
不充。犹木体软不振。）非不用以山茱萸杜仲续断鸡肉壮气等药以为之补。乌能以制夭折之
势乎？肝血既竭。是犹木之鲜液而槁在即。（肝血不足。犹不枯槁不荣。）非不用以地黄山药
枸杞以滋其水。（肝以肾为子。经曰。虚则补母。）当归首乌阿胶菟丝人乳以生其血。（血燥
则急。经曰。肝苦急。急食甘以缓之。）其何以制干燥之害乎？肝气冷而不温。是犹木之遇
寒而冻。（肝冷不温犹木遇寒而冻。）非不用以肉桂鹿茸以暖其血。川芎香附艾叶吴茱萸以温
其气。其何以制严寒之威。而抒发生之象乎？肝气郁而不舒。是犹木受湿热之蒸。历久必黄
必萎。（肝郁不舒。犹木受郁而萎。）非不用以茯苓赤苓天仙藤以渗其湿。木香香附柴胡川芎
以疏其气。灵脂蒲黄归尾鳖甲桃仁母草以破其血。其何以舒其郁而去其热乎？若使肝气既浮
。而症已见目赤发热口渴。则宜用以龙骨枣仁白芍乌梅木瓜之类以为之收。是犹木气过泄。
日
久必有强直之害。（肝气过浮。犹木强直不屈。）不治不足以折其势也。（木以敛为泻。经曰
。以酸泻之。）肝挟风热内侮。而症见有诸风眩晕。僵仆惊痫。则宜用以桂枝羌活乌附荆芥
钩藤薄荷川芎以除其风。（木喜条达。经曰。肝欲散。急食辛以散之。散即是补。故经又曰
。以辛补之。）黄芩胆草青黛青蒿前胡以泻其火。以除其热。红花地榆槐角紫草茅根赤芍生
地以凉其血。甘草以缓其势。（肝以心为子。经曰。实则写其子。）是犹木之值于风感厥厥动
摇。日久必有摧折之势。（肝受风侮。犹木遇风而摇。）不治不足以制其暴也。肝气过盛而脾
肺皆亏。症见咳嗽喘满。惊悸气逆。则宜用以金银薄青皮铁粉密陀僧侧柏叶以平其肝。三棱
枳实以破其气。是犹木之丛林茂蔚。值此斧不可加。土不可载。日久必有深藏不测之虞。不
如是不足以制其害也。（肝风过盛。犹木茂蔚克土侮金。）凡此肝气之盛衰。实与木气之强弱
如一。肝血之荣枯。实与木液之膏竭相等。使不比类以观。而但谓其肝盛宜制。呜呼。制则
制矣！盍亦思其肝有虚怯。果能受此摧残剥落否耶？
经曰。肝苦急。（血燥则急。）急食甘以缓之。（如人乳甘草之类。）肝欲散。（木喜条达。）急
食辛以散之。（如桂枝羌活川芎薄荷之类。）以辛补之。（肝以辛为补。故川芎薄荷能以补肝
。）以酸泻之。（肝以敛为泻。故白芍赤芍乌梅皆曰泻肝。）
〔补肝气〕
杜仲 山茱萸 鸡肉 续断
〔补肝血〕
荔枝 阿胶 桑寄生 何首乌 狗脊 麋茸 獭肝 紫河车 菟丝 人乳
〔疏肝气〕
木香 香附 柴胡 芎
〔平肝气〕
金银薄 青皮 铁粉 密陀僧 云母石 珍珠 龙骨 龙齿
〔破肝气〕
三棱 枳实
〔敛肝气〕
龙骨 酸枣仁 炒白芍 龙齿 乌梅 木瓜
〔散肝风〕
荆芥 钩藤 蛇蜕 蒺藜 蝉蜕 浮萍 王不留行 全蝎 桂枝 白花蛇 石
南藤 蜈蚣 川乌附 樟脑
〔散肝风湿〕
桑寄生 羌活 侧附子 狗脊 松脂 苍耳子 草 威灵仙 茵芋 海
桐皮 秦艽 五加皮
〔散肝风热〕
木贼 蕤仁 冰片 决明子 炉甘石 青葙子
〔散肝风气〕
芎 麝香 薄荷 苏合香
〔散肝风痰〕
南星 皂角 乌尖附 白芥子 天麻
〔散肝风寒痰〕
蔓荆子 僵蚕 山甲
〔散肝血〕
谷精草 锻石
〔祛肝寒〕
肉桂 桂心 吴茱萸 艾叶 大茴香 小茴香
〔渗肝湿〕
茯苓 土茯苓 天仙藤
〔泻肝湿〕
龙胆草 连翘 珍珠 皂矾 白蔹
〔泻肝痰滞〕
前胡 鹤虱 磁石
〔温肝血〕
虫白蜡 肉桂 续断 芎 香附 荆芥 伏龙肝 延胡索 炉甘石 苍耳
子海螵蛸 酒 百草霜 沙糖 兔屎 王不留行 泽兰 韭菜 墨 刘寄奴 大小蓟 天
仙藤 海狗肾 蒺藜 鹿茸 鹿角 艾叶
〔凉肝血〕
生地黄 代赭石 蒲公英 青鱼胆 红花 地榆 白芍 槐角 槐花 侧柏
叶卷柏 无名异 凌霄花 猪尾血 紫草 夜明沙 兔肉 旱莲草 茅根 蜈蚣 山甲
琥珀 芙蓉花 赤芍 醋 熊胆
〔破肝血〕
莪术 紫贝 五灵脂 紫参 益母草 蒲黄 血竭 莲藕 古文钱 皂矾 归
尾鳖甲 贯众 茜草 桃仁
〔败肝血〕
干漆 三七 虻虫 螃蟹 瓦楞子 水蛭 花蕊石
〔止肝血〕
炙卷柏 伏龙肝 墨 炒艾叶 炒蒲黄 花蕊石 青黛 百草霜 炒侧柏 石
灰刘寄奴 王不留行
〔散肝热〕
决明子 野菊花 夏枯草 木贼
〔泻肝热〕
代赭石 石南叶 琥珀 车前子 牛黄 前胡 秦皮 空青 铜青 蒙花 石
决明 珍珠 凌霄花 生枣仁 芦荟
〔泻肝热痰〕
磁石 前胡 牛黄
〔吐肝热痰〕
胆矾
〔泻肝火〕
钩藤 熊胆 女贞子 羚羊角 青黛 熊胆草 人中白 黄芩 大青 青蒿草
〔散肝毒〕
蜈蚣 蛇蜕 野菊花 王不留行
〔解肝毒〕
土茯苓 蒲公英 芙蓉花 皂矾 连翘 醋 蓝子
〔拔肝毒〕
青黛 轻粉
黄宫绣按语：人生的疾苦，要么属于外感邪气有余，要么属于内伤正气不足。然而探究其关键，总离不开脏腑之气偏盛而成为致病的原因。
大概是因为人们不了解脏腑之气，也不知晓药性，无论病症当前，适宜用凉药还是热药，根本原因完全不知道；即使药物的功效或过失，也不知道是从哪里产生的！考察李时珍《本草纲目》中关于脏腑虚实标本用药的论述，其中分门别类，补母泻子，以及补气补血，并非不详细详尽，但可惜还有不清不楚的地方。比如白术不说能补脾气，反而说能补肝气和脾血；砂仁不说能温胃气，反而说能补肾气；当归不说能补心血，反而说能补命门相火；泽泻不说能清除膀胱湿热，反而说能补心气；没药、血竭不说能破肝血，反而说能补肝血，等等。而且书中论述三焦实火宜泻，那么栀子、黄连、黄芩、黄柏似乎可以指引方向，而书里偏偏指出麻黄、黄瓜蒂作为泻火的要药；三焦实热宜解，那么麻黄、桂枝、芒硝、大黄似乎可以列入，而书里只列举栀子、黄连、黄芩、黄柏作为解热的方剂。颠倒错乱，实在不可理解，导致后学者漫无目标。本篇采集用药主治，都是从药物中正之理进行考核，不以反借反说敷衍了事。偶尔有正论已经抒发，旁意应当阐明，也必定疏畅表达殆尽，绝不牵引混指，以免误导后学。
（足厥阴乙木）
肝属木，木是生物的开始，所以说肝，没有不类比于木的。（凡是药色青、味酸、气臊、性属木的，都入足厥阴肝经和足少阳胆经。肝与胆互为表里，胆为甲木，肝为乙木。）说它肝气勃勃，就像百木挺拔直立；肝血的灌注，就像百木繁茂繁荣。古人说“肝无补”，不是真的不能补，实在是因为肝气过强，则肝血不足，补益反而危害五脏，所以以“无补”为贵。岂知肝气不充，就像树木体质嫩弱不振，折断很容易。（肝气不充，就像木体软弱不振。）如果不使用山茱萸、杜仲、续断、鸡肉等壮气的药物来补益，怎么能遏制夭折的势头呢？肝血枯竭，就像树木缺乏汁液即将干枯。（肝血不足，就像不枯槁不荣润。）如果不使用地黄、山药、枸杞来滋水。（肝以肾为子，经文说：“虚则补其母。”）使用当归、首乌、阿胶、菟丝子、人乳来生血。（血燥则急迫，经文说：“肝苦急，急食甘以缓之。”）怎么能遏制干燥的危害呢？肝气冷而不温，就像树木遇寒而冻。（肝冷不温就像木遇寒而冻。）如果不使用肉桂、鹿茸来暖血，川芎、香附、艾叶、吴茱萸来温气，怎么能遏制严寒的威力，抒发生长的景象呢？肝气郁结而不舒展，就像树木受湿热蒸腾，久了必然发黄萎蔫。（肝郁不舒，就像木受郁而萎。）如果不使用茯苓、赤茯苓、天仙藤来渗湿，木香、香附、柴胡、川芎来疏气，五灵脂、蒲黄、归尾、鳖甲、桃仁、母草来破血，怎么能舒展郁结并去除热邪呢？如果肝气上浮，症状已见目赤、发热、口渴，则宜使用龙骨、枣仁、白芍、乌梅、木瓜之类来收敛。这就像木气过泄，日久必有强直的危害。（肝气过浮，就像木强直不屈。）不治疗不足以折服其势头。（木以敛为泻，经文说：“以酸泻之。”）肝挟风热内侮，症状出现各种风症眩晕、僵仆惊痫，则宜使用桂枝、羌活、乌附、荆芥、钩藤、薄荷、川芎来祛风。（木喜条达，经文说：“肝欲散，急食辛以散之。散即是补，故经文又说：“以辛补之。”）使用黄芩、胆草、青黛、青蒿、前胡来泻火，以除热。使用红花、地榆、槐角、紫草、茅根、赤芍、生地来凉血，甘草来缓和势头。（肝以心为子，经文说：“实则泻其子。”）这就像树木值遇风感，厥厥动摇，日久必有摧折的势头。（肝受风侮，就像木遇风而摇。）不治疗不足以遏制其暴烈。肝气过盛而脾胃肺皆亏，症状见咳嗽喘满、惊悸气逆，则宜使用金银薄、青皮、铁粉、密陀僧、侧柏叶来平肝，三棱、枳实来破气。这就像树林茂密蔚然，值此斧斤不可加，土不可载，日久必有深藏不测的忧虑，不这样不足以遏制其危害。（肝风过盛，就像木茂蔚克土侮金。）凡此肝气的盛衰，实在与木气的强弱如一；肝血的荣枯，实在与木液的膏竭相等。如果不比类观察，而只说肝盛宜制，唉！制倒是制了，何不思考其肝有虚怯，果真能承受这种摧残剥落吗？
经文说：“肝苦急。”（血燥则急迫。）“急食甘以缓之。”（如人乳、甘草之类。）“肝欲散。”（木喜条达。）“急食辛以散之。”（如桂枝、羌活、川芎、薄荷之类。）“以辛补之。”（肝以辛为补，故川芎、薄荷能以补肝。）“以酸泻之。”（肝以敛为泻，故白芍、赤芍、乌梅皆曰泻肝。）
〔补肝血〕
荔枝、阿胶、桑寄生、何首乌、狗脊、麋茸、獭肝、紫河车、菟丝子、人乳
〔平肝气〕
金银薄、青皮、铁粉、密陀僧、云母石、珍珠、龙骨、龙齿
〔散肝风〕
荆芥、钩藤、蛇蜕、蒺藜、蝉蜕、浮萍、王不留行、全蝎、桂枝、白花蛇、石南藤、蜈蚣、川乌附子、樟脑
〔散肝风湿〕
桑寄生、羌活、侧附子、狗脊、松脂、苍耳子、草薢、威灵仙、茵芋、海桐皮、秦艽、五加皮
〔温肝血〕
虫白蜡、肉桂、续断、川芎、香附、荆芥、伏龙肝、延胡索、炉甘石、苍耳子、海螵蛸、酒、百草霜、沙糖、兔屎、王不留行、泽兰、韭菜、墨、刘寄奴、大小蓟、天仙藤、海狗肾、蒺藜、鹿茸、鹿角、艾叶
〔凉肝血〕
生地黄、代赭石、蒲公英、青鱼胆、红花、地榆、白芍、槐角、槐花、侧柏叶、卷柏、无名异、凌霄花、猪尾血、紫草、夜明沙、兔肉、旱莲草、茅根、蜈蚣、穿山甲、琥珀、芙蓉花、赤芍、醋、熊胆
〔破肝血〕
莪术、紫贝、五灵脂、紫参、益母草、蒲黄、血竭、莲藕、古文钱、皂矾、归尾、鳖甲、贯众、茜草、桃仁
〔止肝血〕
炙卷柏、伏龙肝、墨、炒艾叶、炒蒲黄、花蕊石、青黛、百草霜、炒侧柏、石灰、刘寄奴、王不留行
〔泻肝热〕
代赭石、石南叶、琥珀、车前子、牛黄、前胡、秦皮、空青、铜青、蒙花、石决明、珍珠、凌霄花、生枣仁、芦荟
Huang Gongxiu notes: The ailments and sufferings of human life either belong to excess of external pathogens or deficiency of internal injury. However, investigating the key point, it never exceeds the harm caused by the bias of Zang-Fu Qi (Viscera and Bowels Qi).
Generally speaking, if people do not understand the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs and do not know the properties of medicines, regardless of whether the symptoms are currently present, they completely do not know whether cool or hot treatments are appropriate; even if there are merits or faults in the medicines, they do not know where they originate! Examining Li Shizhen's *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica), the discussions on the treatment principles for deficiency and excess of the Zang-Fu organs, including classifying categories, tonifying the mother and draining the son, as well as tonifying Qi and blood, are not without detail and thoroughness. But unfortunately, there are still unclear places. For example, Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) is not said to tonify Pi Qi (Spleen Qi), but rather to tonify Gan Qi (Liver Qi) and Pi Xue (Spleen Blood); Sharen (Amomi Fructus) is not said to warm Wei Qi (Stomach Qi), but rather to tonify Shen Qi (Kidney Qi); Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) is not said to tonify Xin Xue (Heart Blood), but rather to tonify Mingmen Xianghuo (Ministerial Fire); Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) is not said to eliminate damp-heat in Pangguang (Bladder), but rather to tonify Xin Qi (Heart Qi); Moyao (Myrrha) and Xuexie (Dragon's Blood) are not said to break Gan Xue (Liver Blood), but rather to tonify Gan Xue, etc. Moreover, regarding the discussion that Sanjiao (Triple Burner) excess fire should be drained, Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) seem suitable for guidance, yet the book specifically points to Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) and Huanggua Di (Cucumis Melo Seed) as essential drugs for draining fire; for Sanjiao excess heat that should be resolved, Mahuang, Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Xiaoshi (Natrii Sulfas), and Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) seem suitable to be listed, yet the book only lists Zhizi, Lianqiao, Huangqin, and Huangbai as agents for resolving heat. This inversion and confusion are truly incomprehensible, causing later learners to have no clear direction. This chapter collects the indications for drug usage, examining them based on the orthodox principles of the medicines, not敷衍 (perfunctorily dealing with) through reverse borrowing or contradictory statements. Occasionally, when the main argument has been expressed and the side meaning should be clarified, it must be thoroughly and clearly explained, absolutely avoiding misleading references that might mislead later learners.
(Foot Jueyin Yi Wood)
The Liver belongs to Wood, and Wood is the beginning of biological growth, so when discussing the Liver, it is always compared to Wood. (Any medicine that is green in color, sour in taste, fishy/smelly in odor, and has Wood nature enters the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian and Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. The Liver and Gallbladder are interior-exteriorly related; the Gallbladder is Jia Wood, and the Liver is Yi Wood.) It is said that its Gan Qi (Liver Qi) is vigorous, like trees standing tall; the infusion of Gan Xue (Liver Blood) is like the flourishing of trees. Ancients said "The Liver has no tonification," which does not mean it cannot be tonified, but rather because if Gan Qi is too strong, then Gan Xue is insufficient, and tonification would instead harm the Five Zang organs, so "no tonification" is valued. How could one ignore that if Gan Qi is not sufficient, it is like a tree with tender and weak constitution, easily broken? (Insufficient Gan Qi is like weak Wood structure.) If Shan Zhu Yu (Corni Fructus), Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex), Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix), and Chicken Meat are not used to strengthen Qi, how can the trend of premature death be controlled? If Gan Xue is exhausted, it is like a tree lacking sap and about to dry up. (Insufficient Gan Xue is like lack of nourishment.) If Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Gouqi (Lycii Fructus) are not used to nourish Water (since the Liver considers the Kidney as its son, the Classic says: "Deficiency tonifies the mother."); if Danggui, Shouwu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix), Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini), Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen), and Human Milk are not used to generate Blood (when Blood is dry, it becomes urgent/tense, the Classic says: "The Liver suffers from urgency, urgently eat sweet to relax it"), how can the harm of dryness be controlled? If Gan Qi is cold and not warm, it is like wood encountering cold and freezing. (Cold Gan Qi is like wood encountering cold.) If Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Lurong (Cervi Cornu Degelatinum) are not used to warm Blood, and Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Aye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) are not used to warm Qi, how can the severity of severe cold be restrained and the image of generation be expressed? If Gan Qi is stagnant and not free, it is like wood steamed by damp-heat, turning yellow and withering over time. (Stagnant Gan Qi is like withered wood due to stagnation.) If Fuling (Poria), Chifuling (Polyporus), Tianxianteng (Akebiae Caulis) are not used to渗 (seep/drain) dampness, Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Xiangfu, Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Chuanxiong are not used to Shu (dredge) Qi, Wulingzhi (Trogopterori Faeces), Puhuang (Typhae Pollen), Guiwei (Angelicae Sinensis Radix Cut End), Biejia (Testudinis et Carapacis Scutellum), Taoren (Persicae Semen), and Mucao (not specified, likely referring to a specific herb) are not used to Po (break) Blood, how can the stagnation be relieved and heat removed? If Gan Qi floats upward, and symptoms such as red eyes, fever, and thirst appear, then Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi), Zaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Wumei (Mume Fructus), Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus) should be used to收 (gather/astringe). This is like excessive leakage of Wood Qi, leading to rigidity over time. (Floating Gan Qi is like rigid Wood.) Treatment is needed to curb this trend. (Wood uses astringency as draining, the Classic says: "Use sour to drain.") If Gan harbors wind-heat invading internally, and symptoms include various wind syndromes like dizziness, sudden collapse, convulsions, and epilepsy, then Guizhi, Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Wu Fu (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Chuanxiong should be used to remove wind. (Wood likes spreading freely, the Classic says: "The Liver desires dispersion, urgently eat pungent to disperse. Dispersion is tonification, so the Classic also says: 'Use pungent to tonify.'") Huangqin, Dancao (Gentianae Radix), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), Qinghao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) should be used to drain fire and remove heat. Honghua (Carthami Flos), Diyü (Sanguisorbae Radix), Huaijiao (Sophorae Tonkinensis Fructus), Zicao (Arnebiae Radix), Maogen (Imperatae Rhizoma), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix Recens) should be used to cool Blood, and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) to moderate the trend. (The Liver considers the Heart as its son, the Classic says: "Excess drains the son.") This is like wood encountering wind, shaking violently, leading to destruction over time. (Wind-invaded Liver is like wood shaken by wind.) Treatment is needed to control its violence. If Gan Qi is excessive while Pi and Fei are deficient, showing symptoms of cough, asthma, fullness, palpitations, and rebellious Qi, then Jinyinbo (Gold Leaf), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Tie Fen (Iron Powder), Miduoseng (Lead Monoxide), Cebaiye (Platycladi Cacumen) should be used to Ping (calm) the Liver, Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma) and Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) to break Qi. This is like a dense forest, where axes cannot be added and earth cannot bear it, leading to hidden dangers over time. Such measures are needed to control the harm. (Excessive Liver Wind is like lush Wood overcoming Earth and insulting Metal.) All these fluctuations of Gan Qi are indeed equivalent to the strength of Wood Qi; the flourishing or withering of Gan Xue is indeed equivalent to the abundance or exhaustion of Wood fluids. If one does not observe by analogy, but only says that excess Liver should be restrained, alas! Restraining is done, but why not consider that the Liver may have deficiency and timidity, and whether it can truly withstand such destruction and stripping?
The Classic says: "The Liver suffers from urgency." (Blood dryness causes urgency.) "Urgently eat sweet to relax it." (Such as Human Milk, Gancao.) "The Liver desires dispersion." (Wood likes spreading freely.) "Urgently eat pungent to disperse." (Such as Guizhi, Qianghuo, Chuanxiong, Bohe.) "Use pungent to tonify." (The Liver regards pungent as tonification, so Chuanxiong and Bohe can tonify the Liver.) "Use sour to drain." (The Liver regards astringency as draining, so Baishao, Chishao, and Wumei are all said to drain the Liver.)
[To Tonify Liver Qi]
Duzhong, Shan Zhu Yu, Chicken Meat, Xuduan
[To Tonify Liver Blood]
Litchi, Ejiao, Sangjisheng (Taxilli Cum Ramulis), He Shou Wu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix), Gouji (Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix), Mirong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum), Tagan (Hystricis Corpus), Zihache (Placentae Humanae), Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen), Human Milk
[To Dredge Liver Qi]
Muxiang, Xiangfu, Chaihu, Chuanxiong
[To Calm Liver Qi]
Jinyinbo, Qingpi, Tie Fen, Miduoseng, Yunmu Shi (Micae Lamina), Zhenzhu (Margarita), Longgu, Longchi (Fossilia Maxillae Mammutis)
[To Break Liver Qi]
Sanleng, Zhishi
[To Astringe Liver Qi]
Longgu, Suanzaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Fried Baishao, Longchi, Wumei, Mugua
[To Disperse Liver Wind]
Jingjie, Gouteng, Shetui (Bombyx Batryticatus), Jili (Tribuli Fructus), Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum), Fuping (Spirodelae Herba), Wangbuliuxing (Vaccariae Semen), Quanxie (Scorpio), Guizhi, Baihuashe (Bungarus multicinctus), Shinanteng (Akebiae Caulis), Wugong (Scolopendra), Chuanwufu (Aconiti Radix Cum Lateralis Praeparata), Zhangnao (Camphora)
[To Disperse Liver Wind-Dampness]
Sangjisheng, Qianghuo, Cefuzi (Aconiti Radix Lateralis Praeparata), Gouji, Songzhi (Pinus Resina), Cang'erzi (Xanthii Fructus), Cao Bi (likely Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix or similar context dependent, here generic damp-draining), Weilingxian (Syneilesidis Rhizoma), Yinyu (Epimedii Folium), Haitongpi (Erythrocheli Cortex), Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), Wujia Pi (Acanthopanacis Cortex)
[To Disperse Liver Wind-Heat]
Muze (Equiseti Herba), Ruiren (Pruni Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum), Juemingzi (Cassiae Semen), Luganshi (Calamina), Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen)
[To Disperse Liver Wind-Qi]
Chuanxiong, Shexiang (Moschus), Bohe, Suhexiang (Styrax)
[To Disperse Liver Wind-Phlegm]
Nanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma Praeparatum), Zaojiao (Gleditsiae Fructus), Wu Jian Fu (Aconiti Radix), Baijiezi (Sinapis Semen), Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma)
[To Disperse Liver Wind-Cold-Phlegm]
Manjingzi (Vittariae Fructus), Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus), Shan Jia (Manis Squama)
[To Disperse Liver Blood Stasis]
Gu Jing Cao (Euphrasiae Herba), Duan Shi (Calcined Stone)
[To Expel Liver Cold]
Rougui, Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex), Wuzhuyu, Aye, Da Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus), Xiao Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus Minor)
[To Seep Liver Dampness]
Fuling, Tufuling (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma), Tianxianteng
[To Drain Liver Dampness]
Longdancao (Gentianae Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Zhenzhu, Zao Fan (Melanteritum), Bailian (Pseudostellariae Radix)
[To Drain Liver Phlegm-Stagnation]
Qianhu, Heshi (Hedysari Semen), Cishi (Magnetitum)
[To Warm Liver Blood]
Chongbala (Insect Wax), Rougui, Xuduan, Chuanxiong, Xiangfu, Jingjie, Fulonggan (Fossilized Wood), Yanhusuo (Corydalis Rhizoma), Luganshi, Cang'erzi, Haipiaoxiao (Sepiae Endoconcha), Wine, Baicaoshuang (Carbonis Herbae), Sugar, Rabbit Droppings, Wangbuliuxing, Zelán (Leonuri Herba), Jiucai (Allii Tuberosi Bulbus), Mo (Ink), Liu Jinu (Artemisiae Abrotani Herba), Daxiao Ji (Taraxaci Herba et Radix / Achilleae Herba), Tianxianteng, Hai Goushen (Halichoeri Testis), Jili, Lurong, Lu Jiao (Cervi Cornu), Aye
[To Cool Liver Blood]
Sheng Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens), Daizheshi (Haematitum), Pugongying (Taraxaci Herba), Qingyu Dan (Cyprini Carassii Bilis), Honghua, Diyü, Baishao, Huaijiao, Huaihua (Sophorae Flos), Cebaiye, Juanbai (Selaginellae Herba), Wumingyi (Pyritum), Lingxiaohua (Campsis Grandiflorae Flos), Zhuweixue (Porci Cauda Sanguis), Zicao, Yemingsha (Strigis Faeces), Routou (Leporis Carnis), Hanliancao (Ecliptae Herba), Maogen, Wugong, Shan Jia, Hupo (Electrum), Furonghua (Hibisci Mutabilis Flos), Chishao, Vine, Xiongdan (Ursi Fel), Bear Gall
[To Break Liver Blood Stasis]
Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma), Zi Bei (Concha Naticae), Wulingzhi, Zishen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma - note: usually Danshen, here Zishen might refer to a specific variant or error in source, keeping literal), Yimucao (Leonuri Herba), Puhuang, Xuexie, Ou Lian (Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Stamen), Gu Wen Qian (Ancient Coins), Zao Fan, Guiwei, Biejia, Guanzhong (Dryopteridis Crassirhizomatis Rhizoma), Qiancao (Rubiae Cordifoliae Radix et Rhizoma), Taoren
[To Decompose Liver Blood Stasis]
Ganqi (Dryobalanops Resina), Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Mengchong (Tabanus Larva), Pangxie (Portunus Pelagicus), Walengzi (Arcae Concha), Shuizhi (Hirudo), Huaruishi (Rhodochrositum)
[To Stop Liver Bleeding]
Zhi Juanbai, Fulonggan, Mo, Fried Aye, Fried Puhuang, Huaruishi, Qingdai, Baicaoshuang, Fried Cebai, Shihui (Calcitum), Liu Jinu, Wangbuliuxing
[To Disperse Liver Heat]
Juemingzi, Ye Juhua (Wild Chrysanthemum), Xiakucao (Prunellae Spica), Muze
[To Drain Liver Heat]
Daizheshi, Shinanye (Akebiae Folium), Hupo, Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen), Niuhuang (Bovis Calculus), Qianhu, Qinpi (Fraxini Cortex), Kongqing (Azurite), Tongqing (Chalcanthitum), Menghua (Caryophylli Flos), Shijueming (Haliotidis Concha), Zhenzhu, Lingxiaohua, Sheng Zaoren, Lu Hui (Aloe)
[To Drain Liver Heat-Phlegm]
Cishi, Qianhu, Niuhuang
[To Induce Vomiting of Liver Heat-Phlegm]
Dan Fan (Antimonii Sulfuretum)
[To Drain Liver Fire]
Gouteng, Xiongdan, Nüzhenzi (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus), Lingyangjiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu), Qingdai, Xiongdangcao (likely Artemisia annua or similar), Renzhongbai (Humanis Alvi Terra), Huangqin, Daqing (Isatidis Folium), Qinghao Cao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba)
[To Disperse Liver Toxin]
Wugong, Shetui, Ye Juhua, Wangbuliuxing
[To Resolve Liver Toxin]
Tufuling, Pugongying, Furonghua, Zao Fan, Lianqiao, Vine, Lan Zi (Isatidis Folium/Root context dependent)
[To Extract Liver Toxin]
Qingdai, Qingfen (Calomelas)