（瓜菜）生用苦寒解心肺烦热
苦瓜（专入心肝肺）。即锦荔枝。其种有长有短。何书载言用长。宜取青皮去子。煮肉
充蔬。
盖谓生则性寒。熟则性温。用此生青性寒。以为除热解烦。清心明目之品。何书又言用短。
宜待熟赤取子为食。盖谓其子苦甘。内藏真火。用此性热。以为壮阳益气之功。共此一味。
而生熟不同。寒热迥别。故其所用。其亦各有别如此。
（瓜菜）解毒利便通肠助冷
越瓜（专入肠胃）。即稍瓜。以瓜本生于越。故以越名。今湖州等处亦有。服之于人无
益。但
取味甘性寒。能解酒毒。利小便。烧灰敷吻疮。及阴茎热疮而已。若多食之。则令人心痛腹
痛。泄泻症结。脚弱不能以行。并天行病后食之。能以发病。与于胡瓜之性。恍惚相似。皆
为通肠助冷之品也！小儿尤不可食。
（ ）解暑热内伏作痢
甜瓜（专入心胃）。暑月解止渴之品也。味甘性寒。有毒。凡人因于暑热内伏。症见脓
血恶痢
。痛不可忍。须以水浸甜瓜数枚。食之即愈。若瓜经日曝。其寒尤甚。故书有言瓜寒于曝。
油冷于煎。即是此意。但此阳气素盛。亦宜少食。若使脾胃素冷。服之则有疟痢疸黄。动气
反胃。阴下生痒生疮。发热作胀之变。须用盐花少许。麝香与酒则解。香港脚症癖。食之患永
不除。瓜蒂专主涌吐。已详吐散部内。但有两鼻两蒂者杀人。皮可取收作羹。或蜜收晒为果
。
苦瓜（主要作用于心、肝、肺经）。即锦荔枝。其品种有长有短。有些书籍记载使用长形的，适宜选取青皮并去除种子，煮肉作为蔬菜食用。大概是因为生用时性质寒凉，熟用时性质温和。利用这种生青色且性寒的特点，作为清除热邪、解除烦闷、清心明目的药材。为什么又有书籍记载使用短形的？适宜等待其成熟变红后取子食用。大概认为它的种子味苦甘，内藏真火，利用这种性热的特点，起到壮阳益气的功效。同这一种瓜，生和熟不同，寒性和热性截然不同。所以它们的应用，也各自有别如此。
（瓜菜类）解毒、通利二便、通畅肠道、助长寒气。
越瓜（主要作用于肠胃经）。即稍瓜。因为瓜原本产于越地，所以以“越”命名。如今湖州等地也有出产。服用它对人无益处，只是取其味甘性寒，能解酒毒，通利小便，烧成灰敷贴口吻疮及阴茎热疮罢了。如果多吃，会导致心痛腹痛，泄泻或便秘，脚弱不能行走，以及在流行病后食用，能诱发疾病。这与胡瓜的性质恍惚相似，都是通畅肠道、助长寒气的品类！小儿尤其不可食用。
甜瓜（主要作用于心、胃经）。是暑月里解除口渴的佳品。味甘性寒，有毒。凡是人因暑热内伏，症状出现脓血恶痢，疼痛难以忍受，必须用水浸泡甜瓜数枚，吃下即可痊愈。如果瓜经过日晒，其寒性更加严重。所以书中有言“晒干的瓜比生的更寒，煎过的油比冷的更冷”，就是这个意思。但是阳气素来旺盛的人，也宜少吃。如果脾胃素来虚冷，服用它则会导致疟疾、痢疾、黄疸，引发气逆反胃，阴部生痒生疮，发热胀满等病变。需用少许盐花、麝香配酒来解其毒。香港脚症（足胫肿痛麻木之症）及积聚癖块，食用它会使得病患永远无法根除。瓜蒂专门主治涌吐，已在吐散部中详细说明。但如果有两鼻两蒂的瓜会杀人。瓜皮可以收集用来做羹汤，或者用蜜收存晒干作为果脯。
(Fruit and Vegetable Category) When used raw, its bitter and cold nature resolves irritability and heat in the Heart and Lungs.
Bitter Melon (Gongkua) (Primarily enters the Heart, Liver, and Lung meridians). Also known as Jin Lizhi (Jinlizhi). Its varieties vary in length from long to short. Some texts record the use of the long variety; it is suitable to select the green-skinned ones, remove the seeds, and boil them with meat for vegetable consumption. This is because when raw, its nature is cold; when cooked, its nature becomes warm. Utilizing this raw, green, and cold nature, it serves as an agent to clear heat, resolve irritability, and brighten the eyes and heart. Why do some texts record the use of the short variety? It is suitable to wait until it ripens and turns red to consume the seeds. This is because its seeds are bitter and sweet, containing true fire within; utilizing this hot nature, it functions to strengthen Yang and benefit Qi. For this single item, raw and cooked states differ, and cold and hot natures are distinctly opposite. Thus, their applications are also distinct in this manner.
(Fruit and Vegetable Category) Resolves toxicity, promotes urination and bowel movement, unblocks the intestines, and aids coldness.
Yue Gua (Primarily enters the Stomach and Intestine meridians). Also known as Shao Gua. It is named "Yue" because the melon originally grew in the Yue region. It is now also produced in places such as Huzhou. Consuming it offers no benefit to humans; it merely utilizes its sweet taste and cold nature to resolve alcohol toxicity, promote urination, and apply ash from burning to treat sores on the lips/mouth and hot sores on the penis. If consumed in excess, it causes heart pain and abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, weakness of the legs making walking difficult, and can induce disease if eaten after a pandemic/epidemic. Its nature is vaguely similar to that of Hu Gua (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus); both are agents that unblock the intestines and aid coldness. Children especially should not consume it.
( ) Resolves dysentery caused by internal stagnation of summer-heat.
Sweet Melon (Tian Gua) (Primarily enters the Heart and Stomach meridians). It is a product that quenches thirst during the summer months. Its taste is sweet and its nature is cold; it is toxic. Whenever a person suffers from summer-heat internally stagnating, presenting with symptoms of purulent and bloody foul dysentery, unbearable pain, one must soak several Sweet Melons in water and consume them to be cured. If the melon is sun-dried, its cold nature becomes even more severe. Hence, texts state that "sun-dried melon is colder than fresh melon, and fried oil is colder than cold oil," which conveys this meaning. However, those whose Yang Qi is naturally robust should also eat it sparingly. If the Spleen and Stomach are naturally cold, consuming it may lead to malaria, dysentery, jaundice, moving Qi, reverse flow of stomach contents (vomiting/reversal), itching and sores in the genital area, fever, and distension. These toxic effects can be resolved using a small amount of salt crystals and musk mixed with wine. For Hong Kong Foot (Xianggang Jiao - referring to beriberi or podagra characterized by swelling and numbness of the lower legs) and accumulations/packs (Xi Pi), consuming it ensures the illness will never be eradicated. The melon stalk (Gua Di) specifically governs inducing vomiting, which has been detailed in the section on Vomiting and Dispersing. However, melons with two noses and two stalks can cause death. The melon skin can be collected to make soup, or preserved with honey and dried as fruit.